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1
Japan’s Approachfor Commercialization of
Fuel Cell / Hydrogen Technology
METIMETIMinistry of Ministry of Economy, Economy, Trade and Trade and IndustryIndustry
Jiro NAGAOANRE, METI
February, 2005
2
Five Benefits of Introducing Fuel Cells
Reducing Impact on Environment
Highly Efficient
( Energy Conservation Effect )
Creation of New Industry and Job Enhancement for Industrial
Competitiveness
Diversification of Energy Supply
Distributed Energy Resources
Reducing CO2
Zero NOx , SOx and PM
Significance of Introducing Fuel Cells
Fuel Cell Vehicles: about 48%Stationary Fuel Cells: over 80% ( including heat )
Hydrogen can be obtained from not only petroleum, but also natural gas, photovoltaic, wind, bio-mass and by-product energy
Fuel cells require a wide range of technology from various industries.
・ Reducing energy loss in transmission・ Serve as backup energy in emergency
Environmental technologies will affect industrial competitiveness
3
R&D StageR&D Stage Introduction StageIntroduction Stage Diffusion StageDiffusion Stage
R&D on FC and H2 Further R&D
Step by stepConstruction
GrowNaturally
DemonstrationProject
Review of Regulations
R&D
Codes
Infra
2002 - 2005- 2010-
2010 50,000 2020 5M2030 15M
2010 50,000 2020 5M2030 15M
2010 2.1GW2020 10 GW 2030 12.5 GW
2010 2.1GW2020 10 GW 2030 12.5 GW
FCV Stationary PEFC
Expected Targets and PoliciesExpected Targets and Policies
4
METI Budget for Fuel Cells (1)
2001FY: 11.7
2002FY: 22.0
2003FY: 30.7
2004FY: 32.9
2005FY: 35.5 (requesting)
(Billion JPY)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
5
METI Budget for Fuel Cells (2)
2005FY(req.)
R&D on PEFC 5.5B - Strategic R&D alliance - New 2.0B R&D on Hydrogen Safety 4.1B Codes and Standards 3.6B R&D on SOFC 3.3B Large-scale demonstration for stationary application - New 2.5B Strategic publicity - New 0.3B
(JPY)
6
New Energy Foundation
< cooperative companies > ・ Ebara Corporation ・ Sanyo Electric Company ・ Nippon Oil Corporation ・ Toshiba International Fuel Cells Corporation ・ Toyota Motor Corporation ・ Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd
< participants > ・ Ebara Corporation ・ Nippon Oil Corporation ・ Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd ・ Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry ・ The Japan Gas Association etc.
○ Demonstration & test of Stationary Fuel Cell in various conditions○ Evaluation of Stationary Fuel Cell effect on electric grid
Framework( 2003-2004FY) Sapporo
Tokyo
Osaka
Fukuoka
OsakaNagoya
Nagoya
2002 FY 2004 FY2003 FY
12 places
31 places
Stationary Fuel Cell Demonstration
33 places
7
Dramatic improvement both in power
generation efficiency and heat recollecting
efficiency can be observed between
FY2002 and FY2003.
Timing of failures
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12months
cases
OthersStack, Reformer
Place of failuresAir Circuit
4%Controler
3%
Water Circuit24%
Reformer30%
ElectricCircuit
8%
Cell Stack25%
Others6%
30%
40%
50%
60%
20% 25% 30% 35%HHV発電効率( )
HHV
排熱
回収
効率
()
14年度15年度
Half of all failures occur during 4 months.
Power Generation ratio (HHV)
Heat Collection ratio (HHV)
FY02
FY03
8
Power Generation Efficiency (%)
27.59 27.21 27.09 27.59
32.40 32.40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
03WIN 03SPR 03SUM 03AUT 04WIN 04SPR
%
WIN: Dec.-Feb. SPR: Mar.-May SUM: Jun.-Aug. AUT: Sep.-Nov.Courtesy of the Japan Gas Association (5 sites)
More than 32% efficiency under real conditions
9
Good Performance of Heat Recollection Efficiency
Courtesy of the Japan Gas Association
Heat Recollection Efficiency (%)
42.9447.84
52.05 53.54 50.4049.80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
03WIN 03SPR 03SUM 03AUT 04WIN 04SPR
%
10
Major Improvement on Energy Conservation Ratio
Courtesy of the Japan Gas Association
Energy Conservation (%)
2.907.30
- 2.18 - 3.05
25.21 17.90
- 30
- 20
- 10
0
10
20
30
03WIN 03SPR 03SUM 03AUT 04WIN 04SPR
%
11
CO2 Reduction (%)
14.8219.94
9.64 8.21
33.26 31.37
- 20
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
03WIN 03SPR 03SUM 03AUT 04WIN 04SPR
%
More than 30% CO2 reduction under real conditions
Courtesy of the Japan Gas Association
12
JHFC Demonstration Project (1) 47 FCVs (in Jan. 2005) from
both domestic and overseas auto manufactures
10 hydrogen stations with various H2 sources
Study on energy efficiency from well to wheel
13
JHFC Demonstration Project (2)
Gasoline Reforming
LPG Reforming
Mobile at METI
Liquid Hydrogen(by-product from
steel mills)Naphtha Reforming
Kerosene Reforming
Natural Gas Reforming
By-product from soda factories
Water ElectrolysisTokyo
KanagawaMethanol Reforming
FCV base stationIn Yokohama
14
Current Topics (1)FC Bus Service in Tokyo Metropolitan area
Period Period Aug. 2003 - Dec.2004Aug. 2003 - Dec.2004VehicleVehicle FCHV-BUS2 (1 unit)FCHV-BUS2 (1 unit)Route Route 2 routes of 20 2 routes of 20 to 40 kmto 40 km 3 to 4 3 to 4 round-trips per dayround-trips per day
Period Period Aug. 2003 - Dec.2004Aug. 2003 - Dec.2004VehicleVehicle FCHV-BUS2 (1 unit)FCHV-BUS2 (1 unit)Route Route 2 routes of 20 2 routes of 20 to 40 kmto 40 km 3 to 4 3 to 4 round-trips per dayround-trips per day
Tokyo Tokyo StationStation
Tokyo Tokyo TeleportTeleport
Tokyo Tokyo BigsiteBigsite
Monzen-Monzen-NakachoNakacho
Ariake H2 Ariake H2 StationStation
2km2km
TokyoTokyo
Ariake HAriake H22 Station Station
Service Route
15
Hydrogen station (natural gas reforming + by-product from steel mills)
Current Topics (2) Technology Showcase in EXPO 2005
FC Buses / H2 Station Japan’s Government Pavilion
Government of Japan Pavilion
Electric power supply for the pavilion - PAFC 800kW - MCFC 720kW - SOFC 50kW
Fuel cell buses (PEFC)
16
P.M. Koizumi’s InitiativeP.M. Koizumi’s Initiative
Basic Policy Speech by Prime Minister to the Diet (February, 2002)
Introduction of First Commercially Released FCVs by the Government (December, 2002)
Test Drive by Prime Minister (December, 2001)
17
Current Topics (3)PM’s new Residence will introduce the world’s first
Fuel Cell Systems to the marketplace next year.
Panasonic Ebara=Ballard
18
Current Topics (4)Japan concentrates on stationary application. Target system cost is c. 500,000 yen (=5,000USD)/1kW.
Mass production drastically reduces the cost.
Joint R&D and other measures help us to reach the target.
To achieve the goal in three years, Japan:
①Starts large-scale demonstration program (c. 400units)
in order to urge “kaizen” (improvement) and assure
a learning curve to design a mass-production system.
②Started a joint R&D team consisting of “top runners”
in order to research and resolve degradation factors. ③Started research to find ways to secure harmonized
specifications or compatibilities of modules in order to
achieve further cost reduction and self-inducting
“evolution” of modules .
19
International Cooperation
Joint Ministerial Statement betweenMETI and DOE(January, 2004)
International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) (November, 2003)
20
International R&D CooperationInternational R&D Cooperation
METI/NEDO started a new international joint R&D grant new international joint R&D grant programprogram up to 300,000 USD.
11 joint research activities were adopted last month. Diverse foreign partners from 8 counties: Université du
Québec, National Research Council Canada (Canada), Chinese Academy of Science (China), Université Bordeaux 1 (France) , National University of Singapore (Singapore) , University of Fribourg (Switzerland) , Institute for Energy Technology (Norway) , Boreskov Institute of Catalysis - Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) , Applied Nanotech, Inc., Battelle Memorial Institute, Naval Research Laboratory, SRI International ( US )