Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)Achieving the Vision: From VII to IntelliDriveSM#0Achieving the VisionOriginal vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII):Dramatic safety improvementsPromise of revolutionary mobility improvementsAchieved through wireless communication with & between vehicles

This vision remains the same!#1Achieving the Vision VIIThe Original PlanInfrastructure was a central prerequisiteNationwide deploymentExtensive number of installationsWhy?Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gainsBut, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefitsInfrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to get benefits more quickly. Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and infrastructureSafety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications mobility & convenience could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio.A sound starting point, but:Would it work technically?Could it be practically implemented?Proof of Concept (POC) Test#2Achieving the Vision VII Proof of ConceptGiven the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on:Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHzTesting of draft DSRC standardsStub (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applicationsSmall number of cars & only carsV2I-focused because of original assumptions

POC proved that the basic technical concept would work. But could it be practically implemented? #3Achieving the Vision Could VII Be Practically Implemented?The Chicken and Egg ProblemWhy should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the infrastructure?Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly?How could infrastructure be deployed?About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned applications.Could infrastructure be installed quickly?Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE?Who would provide the financial investment?How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment?Three Big DilemmasWhat comes first vehicles or infrastructure?How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits?How do we deploy the infrastructure?#4Proliferation of smartphones and other personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc)Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or 3G networks supporting text, voice and video data transmission at higher speeds)Applications capable of providing location-specific information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location services such as shopping, weather, etc)Data Virtualization Cloud computing and ubiquitous accessAccess to real-time information, search capabilities

In the Meantime An Explosion of Wireless Technology#5The vision has not changed still safety, mobility and convenience through wireless technologyWe must determine the optimal pathway (s) to realize the vision

Same Vision New Pathways#6Same Vision New Pathways Original StrategyEvolving Strategy

#7Safety Applications The Game Changers10076%12%

Non-impairedCrashes:Two scenarios#8Within the U.S. to definition of the term VII is being broadened in scope to include multiple communication technologies. The purpose of this slide is to show how much of the safety problem can be addressed by the various cooperative systems.

The pie charts show the percent of total crashes (2007 GES) that are addressed by the various cooperative systems.This is the crash population addressed we do not have effectiveness numbers yet

Vehicle to Vehicle communications can address the majority of crash scenarios

Vehicle to Infrastructure can address some of the same scenarios such as entering a curve at an unsafe speed. And V-I can actually address some scenarios that V-V can not such as Signal Violations at intersections

Both of these systems have the potential for a high payoff in imminent crash situations. But in the imminent crash scenarios DSRC is needed.

A new set of applications is under development that basically improve a drivers situational awareness. These will be applicable to crashes related to factors such as weather. SO their effectiveness will overlap with the other cooperative systems. The benefit of these systems is that they do not have the strict requirements of active safety systems and this will enable them to leverage the new technologies coming out of the consumer electronics industry.Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research QuestionsWhich comes first cars or infrastructure?For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potentialOutcome of regulatory assessment may suggest that vehicle installation comes first#9Same Vision New Pathways

Original StrategyEvolving Strategy#10Safety Applications: The Game ChangersResearch QuestionsWhich comes first cars or infrastructure?For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potentialOutcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes firstHow do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunitiesHere I Am messagesDifferent functionality, and easier to deployMarket potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

#11Same Vision New Pathways

Original StrategyEvolving Strategy#12Safety Applications: The Game ChangersResearch QuestionsWhich comes first vehicles or infrastructure?For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potentialOutcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes firstHow do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunitiesHere I Am messagesDifferent functionality, and easier to deployMarket potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clearHow do we deploy infrastructure?V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ; Other wireless communication may be sufficientInfrastructure may become a spot safety applicationSignals, curves, other sitesDSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

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DSRCNon-DSRCRoadside Equipment to handle non-DSRC communicationsDSRCSame Vision New Pathways Does V2V require DSRC Infrastructure?

If so, how much, where?

If not, what are other infrastructure requirements?#14

DSRCDSRCSame Vision New Pathways

What is the effectiveness of signal, phase & timing (SPaT) applications?

Besides SPaT, what are other infrastructure applications?

What are the infrastructure requirements?

How is data integrated for mobility applications?#15Same Vision New Pathways Original StrategyEvolving Strategy

#16Same Vision New Pathways

Original StrategyEvolving Strategy#17Technical Issues: Potential Game ChangersResearch Questions:What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security?Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality?Are other communication technologies adequate?How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security?Is positioning technology adequate?V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioningPotential issues between differing GPS manufacturersWill IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles?Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required?Security messages may use significant communication overhead#18Policy Issues: Evolving Research NeedsPrivacyGovernanceFundingDeployment approachData OwnershipCertificationSustainability,Risk & Liability

#Not To Lose Sight of Weather & EnvironmentWeather and Environmental Applications:All require data from vehicle systemsMay NOT require DSRC - Research QuestionWill need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity What data?How frequently?To whom?For what use?Research Questions#20Original StrategyEvolving Strategy

Same Vision New Pathways #21Same Vision New Pathways

#22Summary VII to IntelliDriveSMVision remains the sameNew technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to the same visionDSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I)DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefitsNon-DSRC data can be used now for mobilityTechnical issues remain that could be game changersDSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge over timeWe need to hold the vision as research reveals the optimal pathway

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