1IPEC

The International LabourThe International Labour OrganizationOrganization

and its and its InFocus programmeInFocus programme:

IPEC: The InternationalIPEC: The InternationalProgramme on the Programme on the

Elimination ofElimination ofChild LabourChild Labour

IPEC: The InternationalIPEC: The InternationalProgramme on the Programme on the

Elimination ofElimination ofChild LabourChild Labour

Joost KOOIJMANS, legal officer, September 2003

7IPEC

History

1919:1919:InternationalInternational

LabourLabourOrganizationOrganization

1919:1919:InternationalInternational

LabourLabourOrganizationOrganization

Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10)Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10)Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15)Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) ConventionMinimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 60)(Revised), 1937 (No. 60)Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112)Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112)Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123). Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123).

Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10)Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10)Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15)Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59)Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59)Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) ConventionMinimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 60)(Revised), 1937 (No. 60)Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112)Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112)Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123). Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123).

2IPEC

International Principles and Rights

UN Convention UN Convention on the Rightson the Rights of the Childof the Child

UN Convention UN Convention on the Rightson the Rights of the Childof the Child

ILO DeclarationILO Declarationon Fundamentalon FundamentalPrinciples andPrinciples andRights at WorkRights at Work

(1998)(1998)

ILO DeclarationILO Declarationon Fundamentalon FundamentalPrinciples andPrinciples andRights at WorkRights at Work

(1998)(1998)

Protection from Protection from economic economic

exploitationexploitation

Protection from Protection from economic economic

exploitationexploitation

Effective abolition Effective abolition of child labourof child labour

Effective abolition Effective abolition of child labourof child labour

ILO Minimum AgeConvention, No. 138

ILO Worst Forms of Child LabourConvention, No. 182

3IPEC

Convention No. 138

ILO Minimum Age

ConventionNo. 138

Requires a national policy for theeffective abolition of child labour(Art. 1)

Requires a specification of minimumage (Art. 2)

GeneralGeneral Exceptions forExceptions fordeveloping countriesdeveloping countries

Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2) 15 years (NOT less than 15 years (NOT less than 14 years14 years end of compulsory schooling)end of compulsory schooling)

Hazardous work (Art. 3)Hazardous work (Art. 3) 18 years18 years NO EXCEPTIONNO EXCEPTION(16 years conditionally)(16 years conditionally)

Light work (Art. 7)Light work (Art. 7) 13-15 years13-15 years 12-14 years12-14 years

GeneralGeneral Exceptions forExceptions fordeveloping countriesdeveloping countries

Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2) 15 years (NOT less than 15 years (NOT less than 14 years14 years end of compulsory schooling)end of compulsory schooling)

Hazardous work (Art. 3)Hazardous work (Art. 3) 18 years18 years NO EXCEPTIONNO EXCEPTION(16 years conditionally)(16 years conditionally)

Light work (Art. 7)Light work (Art. 7) 13-15 years13-15 years 12-14 years12-14 years

4IPEC

What do we want to eliminate?

5IPEC

C182 in relation with C138

C182 complements C138:C182 complements C138:

Convention No. 138 aims atConvention No. 138 aims at

all formsall forms of child labour of child labour

Convention No. 182 aims atConvention No. 182 aims at

the worst forms of childthe worst forms of childlabour as a matterlabour as a matter

of of prioritypriority

7IPEC

ILO Worst Formsof Child Labour Convention

No. 182 and its Recommendation

No. 190

A new global causeA new global cause

Calls for immediate Calls for immediate action to eliminateaction to eliminatethe worst forms of the worst forms of child labour as a child labour as a matter of urgencymatter of urgency

PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION:PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: « ..child labour is to a great extent caused by « ..child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies inpoverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to socialsustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation andprogress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education.. »universal education.. »

Irrespective ofIrrespective oflevel oflevel of

developmentdevelopmentof countryof country

Convention No.182 and Recommendation No.190

6IPEC

C 182: coverage

IncludingIncludingforced recruitmentforced recruitmentfor use in armedfor use in armed

conflictconflict

IncludingIncludingforced recruitmentforced recruitmentfor use in armedfor use in armed

conflictconflict

Children inChildren inprostitution andprostitution and

pornographypornography

Children inChildren inprostitution andprostitution and

pornographypornography

Children inChildren indebt bondage anddebt bondage and

serfdomserfdom

Children inChildren indebt bondage anddebt bondage and

serfdomserfdomChildren inChildren in

slavery, forced orslavery, forced orcompulsory compulsory

labourlabour

Children inChildren inslavery, forced orslavery, forced or

compulsory compulsory labourlabour

Children in Children in illicit activitiesillicit activities

Children in Children in illicit activitiesillicit activities Children Children

in hazardousin hazardousworkwork

Children Children in hazardousin hazardous

workwork

All sectorsof economic

activity

Girls and boysunder 18 years

Special attentionfor most vulnerable

like very youngand girls

Worst forms ofchild labour as

prioritytarget groups

7IPEC

C182: Obligations (summary)

To take To take immediateimmediate and and effectiveeffectivemeasures to prohibit andmeasures to prohibit and

eliminate the worst forms ofeliminate the worst forms ofchild labour as a matter ofchild labour as a matter of

urgency (Art. 1)urgency (Art. 1)

Determine and map hazardous workDetermine and map hazardous work

Establish Establish monitoringmonitoring mechanisms mechanisms

Design/implement Design/implement programmes of actionprogrammes of action

Ratifying member States mustRatifying member States mustapply the Conventionapply the Convention

Develop Develop time bound measurestime bound measures

Enhance Enhance international cooperationinternational cooperation

7IPEC

ILO Regular supervisory machinery

Government reportsEmployers’ and workers’

comments

Direct requests sentto governments

Observations publishedin report III (4A)

Committee of Experts on the Applicationof Conventions and Recommendations

Tripartite Conference Committee[Governments, employers, workers]

of the International Labour Conference

7IPEC

Government, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workers

UN-system and IGOs,in particular UNICEFUN-system and IGOs,in particular UNICEF

International and regionaldevelopment banks (e.g. World Bank)

International and regionaldevelopment banks (e.g. World Bank)

NGOs (International,

regional, nationaland local )

NGOs (International,

regional, nationaland local )

Private sector(buisiness)

Private sector(buisiness)

Universities, judiciary,media, parliamentarians,

health and religiousorganizations and/or

institutions

Universities, judiciary,media, parliamentarians,

health and religiousorganizations and/or

institutions

Community-basedorganizations

(local schools, doctors,teachers, chiefs

and others)

Community-basedorganizations

(local schools, doctors,teachers, chiefs

and others)

Children andtheir familiesChildren andtheir families

Committed individualsCommitted individuals

Partners and alliances

7IPEC

Child LabourChild LabourChild LabourChild Labour

PovertyPovertyPovertyPoverty

Poverty causes child labour and child labour causes poverty !!

EDUCATION EDUCATION

To break the cycle !!

Child labour and Poverty

7IPEC

Combatingchild

labour

Combatingchild

labour

OperationsOperationsOperationsOperationsKnowledgeKnowledge/Advocacy/Advocacy

KnowledgeKnowledge/Advocacy/Advocacy

Programmes and ProjectsProgrammes and Projectsin the fieldin the field

Programmes and ProjectsProgrammes and Projectsin the fieldin the field

Awareness at local, nationalAwareness at local, nationaland international leveland international level

Awareness at local, nationalAwareness at local, nationaland international leveland international level

IPEC: Philosophy and objectives

7IPEC

National ownershipNational ownership

Accountability and cost effectivenessAccountability and cost effectiveness

Dialogue, consensus and alliancesDialogue, consensus and alliances

Gender equalityGender equality

Mainstreaming of child labour inMainstreaming of child labour in development policies, programmesdevelopment policies, programmes

and budgetsand budgets

Sustainable actionSustainable action

IPEC: Guiding principles

7IPEC

Clear goals – specific targets – defined time frameClear goals – specific targets – defined time frame

Definition: A set of integrated &

coordinated policies & programmes to prevent & eliminate a

country’s worst forms of child labour within a defined

period of time.

Operates at many levels: international, national, provincial, community, individual/family.

Addresses root causes of WFCL.

Links to national development effort.

Emphasis on “country ownership”.

What is the Time-Bound Programme?

7IPEC

Statistical Information Statistical Information and Monitoringand Monitoring

Programme on Child LabourProgramme on Child Labour

Statistical Information Statistical Information and Monitoringand Monitoring

Programme on Child LabourProgramme on Child Labour

Launched in 1998

Integral part of IPEC

Help collecting and generating comprehensive and comparable quantitative and qualitative data

Establishment based SurveyEstablishment based Survey

Street children SurveyStreet children Survey

School based SurveySchool based Survey

Rapid assessmentRapid assessment

Household-based SurveyHousehold-based Survey

Baseline SurveyBaseline Survey

SIMPOC

8IPEC

For more informationFor more informationcontactcontact

International Programme on the International Programme on the Elimination of Child LabourElimination of Child Labour

4, Route des Morillons4, Route des MorillonsCH-1211 Geneva 22CH-1211 Geneva 22

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71

International Programme on the International Programme on the Elimination of Child LabourElimination of Child Labour

4, Route des Morillons4, Route des MorillonsCH-1211 Geneva 22CH-1211 Geneva 22

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81Tel.: (+41 – 22) 799 81 81Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71Fax: (+41 – 22) 799 87 71

E-mail: E-mail: ipec@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.org

Child labour website:Child labour website:http://www.ilo.org/childlabourhttp://www.ilo.org/childlabour

E-mail: E-mail: ipec@ilo.org childlabor@ilo.org

Child labour website:Child labour website:http://www.ilo.org/childlabourhttp://www.ilo.org/childlabour