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1
Introduction to NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2
NATO - Overview
What is NATO?
What does NATO do?
How does NATO work?
3
What is NATO?
1.
4.
3.
2.
A political organization (diplomacy, dialogue, cooperation)
Member countries working together
5. The principle of collective defense
A military organization (defense, crisis management, capabilities)
Sharing common values (democracy, heritage, peace/stability, freedom)
4
Collective Defense:
An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all
Article 5 -
5
Member countries
1952 Greece, Turkey
1955 Germany
1982 Spain
1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States
28
1999
1982
1955
1952
1949
2004
2009 NEWEST Members: Albania & Croatia
6
7Where is NATO headquarters?
Brussels, Belgium
8What language is spoken at NATO?
Two languages are “official”- English and French
9
Introduction to NATO
NATO’s Beginnings…
10
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) started as a military alliance consisting of the United States, Canada, and 14 countries in Europe.
Formed in 1949, NATO was set up to discourage an attack by the Soviet Union on the non-Communist nations of North America and Europe.
11
(NATO counties, 1950)
12
The Cold War…
After World War II ended, a distrust developed between
Communist countries, led by the Soviet Union, and
Non-Communist nations, led by the United States.
This rivalry became known as the “Cold War.”
13
14
The Warsaw Pact
1955 - The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet response to the creation of NATO
Consisted of the Soviet Union and its six satellite countries in Eastern Europe East Germany Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Romania
The Warsaw Pact no longer exists
15
North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO)
First peacetime alliance in U.S. history No NATO member was ever attacked during
the Cold War – it never had to use its military forces
An alliance of nations with shared values. All members are DEMOCRACIES
Has been the most important U.S. alliance for over 65 years
16NATO’s Purpose Changes:
Cold War – Defend each other against Communist threat (1949)
End Cold War- fall of Communism in Europe & Soviet Union (1991)
Provide security and intervene in regional conflicts, when needed (today)
17What does NATO do?
1.
1.
3.
2.
Protects people
Forges partnerships
Builds peace and stability
Combats new threats4.
18
Introduction to NATO
NATO at WORK…
19Promotes dialogue & cooperation
Prevents conflicts through diplomacy
21Helps to rebuild world areas
in need
22
Direct contributions from Member Nations
Voluntary Individuals’ contributions
Paying for NATO?
23
NATO-Russia Council NATO-Russia Council This was a RAPPROCHEMENT (reestablishing cordial
relations/bringing together diverse political factions) between NATO and Russia
May 2002 – Both sides signed an agreement Russia WILL:
Be given a say at the table with the 28 NATO members Be an “equal partner” in discussions on key topics
24
NATO-Russia Council Russia WILL NOT:
Be a member of NATO Be bound by NATO’s defense pact Have a veto over NATO’s decisions Have a vote over NATO’s expansion
25
NATO and Russia
Relationship with Russia has been strained since the Georgia conflict in 2008 December 2009 NATO asked Russia for help in Afghanistan, requesting
permission for the alliance to fly cargoes (including possibly military ones) over Russian territory to Afghanistan. They also asked Russia to provide more helicopters for the Afghan Armed Forces. Russia has so far denied these requests, although it has continued to allow transit of non-military supplies through its territory.
April 1, 2014 – due to situation in Crimea, Ukraine, NATO stated “we have decided to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia…political dialogue can continue…we will review in June.”
26
The End
27
A definition of security
Political
Economic
Social
Environmental
Military
28
Introduction to NATO
A Changing NATO…
29
Crisis missions
Afghanistan Kosovo Iraq
Darfur (Sudan) Iraq
Natural disaster relief efforts
Refugee crises forest fires floods
earthquakes, etc.
Building peace and stability
30
How Does NATO Work?
31
Consensus decision-making
An internationalorganizationwhere decisions are discussed and voted on by each member country
32
Working to jointly plan military operations…
33
Member Nations Commit Troops to NATO Missions
34
Military or Relief Missions Carried Out
35
NATO-Partner cooperation against terrorism
- intelligence-sharing- cooperation in border security- training exercises
Actions Against Terrorism
36
Peacekeep force, June 1999
NATO air campaign (Operation Allied
Force)
NATO in Kosovo
37
International Security Assistance Force
Since 2003
Provides security for aid workers
Helps reconstruction work
NATO in Afghanistan
38
NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ
trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
& coordinates offers of equipment and
training from individual NATO and partner
Countries
NATO TRAINING MISSION
Trains personnel from Iraqi security forces
& coordinates equipment
from NATO partners,
since 2004
NATO in Iraq
39
Members agree to assist Sudan by providing:
- training for military
- civilian relief
NATO in Sudan
40
Consultation on:- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- non-proliferation- arms control & confidence-building measures- theatre missile defence- search & rescue at sea- military-to-military cooperation & defence reform- civil emergencies- new threats & challenges
Defence reform Consultation on
- struggle against terrorism- crisis management- arms control - search & rescue at sea- natural emergencies
NATO-Russia Council
41
Introduction to NATO
Created for Edmond Schools