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7/23/2019 1. Introduction to LTE
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/1-introduction-to-lte 1/63
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Your Partner for Wireless Engineering Solutions
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Our Journey
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Global Footprint
LATIN AMERICA
Brazil
NORTH AMERICA
Richardson TX
Headquarters
Atlanta GA
ASIA PACIFIC
New Delhi Noida Gurgaon
CANADA
Toronto
OMAN
Muscat
AFRICA
Kenya
KUWAIT
A Global Player with Global Resources
AUSTRALIA
New South Wales
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Capabilities
Packet Switching
VAS
In- Building
Services
Software
Development
Broad Skill Sets Across Wireless Industry
Staffing
Solutions
Transport
Services
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Future
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Agenda
Future
LTE Offerings and Trends
Drivers
Features
Deployment
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Future-Data
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Data Concept
Data is an INFORMATION encoded DIGITALY, seamlessly availa
“ANYWHERE” and “EVERYWHERE”
Either in CONTINUOS manner
generally “VOICE”
Or in DISCONTINUOUS manner
generally “PACKETS”
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Data Evolution
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Mobile Data
When became the “RULE” , Communication became Painle
Access to the “WORLD WIDE WEB”
E-Mails
Multimedia
Virtual Reality
Social networking
Multiple Applications
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Courtesy of Rich Howard
First Mobile Radio Telephone
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4G – Broadband Era
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Broadband AccesEverywhere
Anywhere,Anytime
Higher Quality
Higher Speed Lower Prices Different services
User Expectation
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Operator Expectation
High Data Rateand reducedLatency formultimedia richapplication
Data Rate and Latency
ArchitectureSimplicity andreducedprotocolcomplexity
Architecture Mobility
• Reduced migrationCAPEX/OPEX
• Investmentprotection byreusing existingassets
Cost of ownership
Greaterefficiency andflexibility
Spectrum
C
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32 Mbps14.7 Mbps
42+ Mbps3.6 Mbps
3.1 Mbps153 kbps 2.4 Mbps 9.3 Mbps
CDMA2000
1X
CDMA2000 1X / EVDO
HRPD Rel. 0
CDMA2000 1X / EVDO
HRPD Rev. A
MC
HRPD
HRPD
Rev B
HR
Ad
CDMA20001X Advanced
LTE
237 kbps 384 kbps 7.2 Mbps
EDGE UMTS HSDPA HSPA HSPA+
15 Mbps75 Mbps Mbps
802.11 b/g WiMAX 802.16d Fixed apps WiMax 802.16e WiMax 802.16m
Convergence
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LTE Offerings
Peak Data rate
• 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL (20 MHz)
Latency: Less than 5 ms
Mobility support
• 0 ~ 15 Km/h
• 15 Km/h ~ 120 Km/h
• 120 Km/h ~ 350 Km/h
• 350 Km/h ~ 500 Km/h
Enhanced MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service)
Spectrum flexibility: 1.4 MHz ~ 20 MHz
Enhanced Support for E2E QoS
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Network Comparison
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Cellular Broadband
V o i c e
S e r v i c e T y p e
M u l t i m e d i a
Narrowband Era Wideband Era Broadband E
~ 384 Kbps ~ 21 Mbps ~ 100 Mbps
1G
2G
3G
4G
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Evolution - Generations
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• ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
• Radio standards and spectrum
• IMT-2000• ITU’s umbrella name for 3G which stands for
International Mobile Telecommunications 2
• National and regional standards bodies arecollaborating in 3G partnership projects
• ARIB (Japan), TIA (North America), TTA (SouKorea), TTC (Japan), CWTS (China). T1 (NortAmerica), ETSI (Europe)
• 3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2)
• Focused on evolution of access and core net
International Standardization
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Concept of G’s
1G (AMPS)
2G GSM/CDMA2.5 G
3G
4G
Evolution of G Throughput
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Evolution of G-Throughput
3G
3G/HSPA
HSPA Evolution
20 0 2 2 0 05 2 00 8-20 12
384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps
Peak rate
2 0 0 7
7/14 Mbps
GPRS
1998
40 kbps
LTE
2009
~150 Mbps 1
LTE Adv
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3GPP Roadmap
3GPP Release Date Specifications
3GPP Release 99 1999Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air interface based on GSM – backw
defines UTRA and UTRAN
3GPP Release 4 2001
IP Core network and other features are added in Release 4. It was referred as Release 2000. Separat
and control mechanisms were the functionalities of this release
3GPP Release 5 2002 IMS( IP Multimedia Subsystem,) and HSDPA (High Speed Packet Downlink Acce
3GPP Release 6 2004This includes WLAN interworking multimedia broadcast and multimedia services, High Speed Uplink
and IMS "Phase 2" (IMS Messaging, conferencing and Group Management)
3GPP Release 7 2007This Release provided improvement over QoS for applications like VoIP. High Speed Packet Access
uplink which is also a part of Release 7. This uses MIMO antennas for better throug
3GPP Release 8 2008This provides details for the LTE System Architecture Evolution which helps in improvement of IP ba
network
3GPP Release 9 2009 Provides additional features for enhancement of SAE, WiMax and LTE/UMTS interope
3GPP Release 10 20104G LTE Advanced technology belongs to 3GPP release 10, Support of Wider Bandwidth(Carrier Agg
MIMO techniques, Heterogeneous network and eICIC
3GPP Release 112012
Carrier aggregation (CA) enhancementstems, Enhanced downlink control channe
-PDCCH), CoMP transmission and reception, RAN overload control for Machin
-Type Communications (MTC), SON
3GPP Release 122014
3GPP TSG SA has identified priorities for Release 12, includes features like Public Safety and Critical C
Communications (GCSE-LTE) Machine Type Communications UE Power Consumption, Small Data a
(MTCe_UEPCOP, MTCe_SDDTE
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Evolution of 3GPP Cellular system
4G LTE-A
3.9G LTE
3.75G HSPA+
3.5 G HSPA
3G UMTS
2.75G EDGE
2.5G GPRS
2G GSM
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Future-ICT
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Cloud
Cl d
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Cloud
Deployment
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Deployment
Target Group
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Entertainment
Target Group
Benefits
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Benefits
Achieve economies of scale
Reduce spending on technology infrastructure
Globalize your workforce on the cheap
Streamline processes
Improve accessibility
Monitor projects more effectively
Less personnel training is needed
Minimize licensing new software
Improve flexibility
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Internet of Things
M2M
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M2M
Internet of Things
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Internet of Things
Casaleggio Associati,201
Network Internet M - Internet Internet of T
Deployment
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Deployment
Manufacturing
HealthCare
Security
Utility
Tra
Cons
Consu
Benefits
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New Horizons.
Increase in Revenue
Expand their data service offerings.
Association with
Traffic Telematics
Healthcare
Daily Machines Sensors etc.
Long Term Commitment
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Big Data
BIG DATA
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BIG DATA
BIG DATA Th 3 V’
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BIG DATA – The 3 V’s
Target Groups
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Organizations act as
•
Centralized Data• m-commerce
• Data Warehousing
• Social Network
• Data Centers
Deployment
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DATA SOURCE
CRM
ERP
Others
Web
Social
Media
Mobile
Weather
Multi
Media
Integrated Storage
&
Compute
Data Ware Housing
+
Hadoop
Business Model
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Big Data
Predictive
Analysis
Real Time
Based On Machine Learning
SAAS + Shared Revenue
DiscoverySystems
Non Query Based
Based on Machine Learning
Analytics Report
Descriptive, Query Based
Based on Domain Knowledge
SAAS Revenue
Incr
Rev
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Trends
Trends- Mobile Internet Users
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Age Group
Maximum mobile web users are YOUTH under the age of 24
1 out of 10 mobile web users are female
Age Groups and Internet Usage
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Age Group (Years) Application Types Devices
5-10 Videos, Gaming Computers, Regular
Phone, Tablets
11-15 Gaming, Learning, SocialNetworking
Computers, Regularphones ,Tablets & I-po
16-21 Social Networking, Gaming,
messengers, movies, videos.
Laptops, Smart Phone
21-30 Emails, social networking,
messengers, movies
Smart phone, Tablets
Laptops
31-40 Emails, social networking,messengers, movies,
business transactions
Laptops, Phablets,Tablets, Smart Phone
>40 Emails, business
transactions, messengers
Laptops, Mini Tablets
Phablets, Smart Phone
Application Trends
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Application Trends
Source: Seomworld.com
Content Downloaded
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Source: Digiqom.com
Occupation Based
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2/3rd of internet user base belongs to the earning class
Global Mobile Subscription
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Source: Ericsson Mobility report
Global Traffic in Mobile Networks
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Data traffic demand as compare to voice
Mobile data traffic in Q1 2014
exceeded total mobile datatraffic in 2011
65% growth in data traffic
between Q1 2013 and Q1 2014
LTE Coverage
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Spectrum used currently in 393 commercially launched LTE networks
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LTE Offerings
LTE Offerings
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Peak Data rate
• 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL (20 MHz)
Latency: Less than 10 ms
Mobility support
• 0 ~ 15 Km/h (Optimized Performance)
• 15 Km/h ~ 120 Km/h (Excellent Performance)
• 120 Km/h ~ 350 Km/h (Average Performance)
• 350 Km/h ~ 500 Km/h (Satisfactory Performance)
Enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast service
Spectrum flexibility: 1.4 MHz ~ 20 MHz
Enhanced Support for E2E QoS
LTE – Goals
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High data rates
• Downlink: >100 Mbps and uplink: >50 Mbps
• Cell-edge data rates 2-3 x HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006)
Low delay/latency
• User plane RTT: < 10 ms RAN RTT (fewer nodes, shorter TTI)
• Channel set-up: < 100 ms idle-to-active (fewer nodes, shorter messages, quicker resp.)
High spectral efficiency
• Targeting 3 X HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006 )
Spectrum flexibility
• Operation in a wide-range of spectrum allocations, new and existing
• Wide range of Bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz, FDD and TDD
Cost-effective migration from current/future 3G systems
Focus on services from the packet-switched domain
Spectrum flexibility
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Possibility for using all cellular bands (450 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1900 MHz
2100MHz, 2600MHz)
Differently-sized spectrum allocations
- up to 20 MHz for high data rates
- less than 5 MHz for migration from 2G technologies
Key Features
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Multiple Access Scheme
• DL: OFDMA with CP
• UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) with CP
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
• DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
• Convolution code and Rel-6 turbo code
Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques
• (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported
• Multi-user MIMO also supported
Support for both FDD and TDD
H-ARQ, Mobility Support, Rate Control, Security
Scalable bandwidths, from 1.4MHz up to 20MHz
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LTE Deployment
Duplexing Mode
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UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
UL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
Frequency
Time
Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
DL
SF
UL
DL
DL
DL
SF
UL
DL
UL
Frequency
Time
Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
E-UTRA Operating/
E-UTRAD l
FDD Bands
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E UTRA Operating
BandFrequency UL/DL
17 704-716/734-74
18 815-830/860-87
19 830-845/875-89
20 832-862/791-82
21 1447.9-1462.9/1495.9
22 3410-3490/3510-3
23 2000-2020/2180/2
24 1626.5-1660.5/1525
25 1850-1915/1930-1
26 814-849/859-89
27 807-824/852-86
28 703-748/758-80
29 717-728
30 2350-2360/2305-2
31 462.5-467.5/452.5-
32 1452-1496
Operating
Band
Frequency UL/DL MHzDuplex
Mode
1 1920-1980/2110-2170 FDD
2 1850-1910/1930-1990 FDD
3 1710-1785/1805-1880 FDD
4 1710-1755/2110-2155 FDD
5 824-849/869-894 FDD
6 830-840/875-885 FDD
7 2500-2570/2620-2690 FDD
8 880-915/925-960 FDD
9 1749.9-1784.9/1844.9-1879.9 FDD
10 1710-1770/2110-2170 FDD11 1427.9-1447.9/1475.9-1495.9 FDD
12 699-716/729-746 FDD
13 777-787/746-756 FDD
14 788-798/758-768 FDD
15 Reserved FDD
16 Reserved FDD
TDD Bands
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E-UTRA Operating Band Frequency UL/DL MHz Duplex Mode
33 1900-1920 TDD
34 2010-2025 TDD35 1850-1910 TDD
36 1930-1990 TDD
37 1910-1930 TDD
38 2570-2620 TDD
39 1880-1920 TDD
40 2300-2400 TDD
41 2496-2690 TDD
42 3400-3600 TDD
43 3600-3800 TDD
44 703-803 TDD
LTE at a Glance
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Fast Link Adaptation
due to channel behaviour
Short TTI = 1 ms
Transmission
time interval
Advanced Sched
Time & Freq.
TX RX
Tx Rx
MIMO
Channel
DL: OFDMAUL: SC-FDMA
scalable
ARQ Automatic
Repeat Request
64QAM
Modulation
UE Categories
F t Cl 1Class 2
Cl 3 Cl 4 Cl 5 Cl 6 Cl
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All categories support 20 MHz
64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink(except Class 5 & 8)
Features Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Clas
Peak rate DL/UL10/5
Mbps50/25 Mbps
100/50
Mbps
150/50
Mbps
299/75
Mbps
301/50
Mbps
301/1
Mbps
RF Bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 M
Modulation DL 64 QAM 64 QAM 64QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QA
Modulation UL 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM 16QA
Rx Diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ye
MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x42x2 or
4x4
2x2
4x4
Summary
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Future
LTE Offerings and Trends
Drivers
Features
Deployment
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“HAPPY LEARNING”
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.www.mcpsinc.com
www.mmentor.com