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INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND AQUACULTURE

PRODUCTS

• DR. A LEM, FISHERY INDUSTRY OFFICER, FAO-GLOBEFISH

• NACA AQUAMARKETS 2003

• MANILA, 2-6 JUNE 2003

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OUTLINE

• SOME WORDS ON FAO

• GLOBEFISH/INFONETWORK

• INTL. TRADE

• ISSUES THAT AFFECT TRADE

• WTO - FROM URUGUAY TO DOHA (AND CANCUN)

• CONCLUSIONS

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FAO

• ALL ISSUES RELATED TO FISHERIES• TRADE: FISH UTILIZATION AND

MARKETING SERVICE• COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON FISH TRADE

• (COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE)

• INFONETWORK (GLOBEFISH, INFOFISH, INFOPESCA, INFOPECHE, INFOSAMAK,

EUROFISH, INFOYU)

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GLOBEFISH

• PARTNERS:

• European Commission,

• NMFS (US),

• FROM (Spain), OFREMER (France), IREPA (Italy), DENMARK, Norwegian Seafood

Export Council, MOROCCO, Fundación Chile• ASSOCIATE PARTNERS: ACADEMIA AND

INDUSTRY

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GLOBAL FISH EXPORTS (2001) $ 56 BILLION

• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: 50 % OF EXPORTS

• NET EXPORT REVENUES FROM FISHERIES MOST IMPORTANT AFTER TIMBER FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (US$ 18 billion)

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World exports of fishery commodities in 2001, in value

Other crustaceans

7.2%

Fishmeal

3.6%

Fish oil

0.6%

Flatfish

2.1%

Other pelagics

6.6%

Sharks, rays,

chimaeras

0.6%

Shrimp

18.8%

Others

16.9%

Other demersal

fishes

1.3%

Cephalopods

4.5%

Fish for ornamental

purposes

0.3%

Tuna

8.8%

Freshwater fish

1.3%

Salmon

7.8%

Cods, hakes,

haddocks

10.0%

Coastal fishes

1.1%

Other molluscs

5.3%

Other diadromous

3.0%

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Net exports from commodities

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Fish Coffee Bananas Rubber Cocoa Sugar Tea Tobacco Rice Meat

US$ billions

1981

1991

2001

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AQUACULTURE EXPORTS

• PROBLEM OF ANALYSIS• TRADE STATISTICS DO NOT GIVE ORIGIN

( CAPTURE OR AQUACULTURE)• ONLY FOR SOME SPECIES IS ORIGIN

EVIDENT ( TROUT, ATLANTIC SALMON, CARP, TILAPIA )

• TRADE: A MIX OF FARMED AND CAPTURE PRODUCT (SHRIMP, PACIFIC SALMON)

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MAJOR FARMED SPECIES FOR EXPORT

• SHRIMP

• SALMON

• BIVALVES

• CARP # 1 IN PRODUCTION BUT LIMITED TRADE

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FASTGROWERS

• FARMED SALMON EXPORTS: 700,000+ MT,

• FARMED TROUT EXPORTS: 125,000+ MT

• FARMED TILAPIA EXPORTS: CA 70,000 MT

• FARMED SEABASS AND SEABREAM EXPORTS: CA 100,000 MT

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World Trade of Shrimps, 1976-2001 in MT (live weight)

Source: FAOFigures in Live weight

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

Total Trade Flow

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World Trade Flow of Salmons, 1976-2001 in MT (live weight)

Source: FAO

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

Total Trade Flow

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• # 5 IN US FISH CONSUMPTION

• EXPORTS ARE GROWING (Vietnam to US)

• AMERICAN CATFISH INSTITUTE - marketing and campaigns

AMERICAN CATFISH

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World Trade of Bivalves, 1976-2001 in MT (live weight)

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

Total trade flow

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• SCALLOP IMPORTS: 68,000 MT

• CLAM IMPORTS: 145,000 MT

• MUSSEL IMPORTS: 180,000 MT

• OYSTER IMPORTS: 41,000 MT

BIVALVE TRADE (2001)

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World Trade Flow of Seabass and Seabream, 1976-2001 in MT (live weight)

Source: FAO

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Total Trade

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World Trade of Tilapia, 1990-2001 in MT (live weight)

Source: FAO

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Frozen

Fresh or chilled

Fillets, Frozen

Fillets,Fresh or chilled

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• LIMITED TRADE

• FOOD AND NON-FOOD

• EXAMPLE: EU-IMPORTS: 61,000 MT (2000) FRESH+DRIED

SEAWEED

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LIVE SEAFOOD

• GROWING DEMAND• MAINLY ETHNIC MARKETS• HIGH PRICES• ASIAN ETHNIC MARKETS IN

EUROPE AND US

• (+ ORNAMENTAL OR AQUARIUM MARKET)

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NON-FOOD OR ORNAMENTAL

• MOSTLY FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE

• MARINE AQUACULTURE GROWING

• ASIA TO EU, US AND JAPAN

• VERY DEPENDENT ON ECONOMIC CLIMATE

• IMPORTS 2000: US$ 250 MILLION

• RETAIL: US$ 3 BILLION +

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SOME FUTURE TRADE ISSUES

1. QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY

2. WTO: TRADE AND TARIFFS

3. FISHERIES SUBSIDIES

4. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT

5. DEMAND TRENDS

6. FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY

• CODEX STANDARDS FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

• HACCP AND RISK ASSESSMENT• ISO 9000 STANDARDS• LABELLING-CERTIFICATION• TRACEABILITY AND PRODUCTION METHOD

(CONSUMER INFORMATION)• NEW EU LABELING RULES 2002• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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QALITY AND FOOD SAFETY II

• GMOS

• ENVIRONMENT

• TRANSPARENCY

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TRADE AND TARIFFS

• !!! FISH IS A NON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT !!!

• TARIFF REDUCTIONS OVER TIME• NTBs (NON-TARIFF TRADE BARRIERS)• TARIFF ESCALATION FOR PROCESSED

PRODUCTS• URUGUAY ROUND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS• NEW ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS:

Doha Development Agenda

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URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS

• SPS (SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES)

• TBT (TECHINICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE)

• ANTI-DUMPING

• SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

• DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (SHRIMP, SALMON, TUNA, SARDINES)

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DOHA Development Agenda

• TRADE LIBERALISATION

• FISH=MARKET ACCESS FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS:

• PROPOSAL: ELIMINATE ALL DUTIES ON FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

• FISHERIES SUBSIDIES: PROPOSALS FOR GREEN/RED BOXES

• ECOLABELING

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GLOBALISATION

• INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP (WTO, CODEX,

REGIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSIONS) • CHINA IN WTO, RUSSIA IN 2004 ?• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP IN TRADE AREAS

(ASEAN, EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR)• CONVERGENCE OF POLICY• GLOBAL SOURCING-THIRD COUNTRY

PROCESSING• GLOBAL TRENDS IN DEMAND

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DISTRIBUTION

• CONCENTRATION OF DEMAND• INCREASING POWER OF SUPERMARKETS AND

HYPERMARKETS• CUSTOMER TRUST IN SUPERMARKETS !• GREAT POTENTIAL FOR AQUACULTURE

PRODUCTS IN MODERN DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS– PLANNED PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY– STANDARD QUALITY– CONTRACT PRICES

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DEMAND TRENDS

• FAO PROJECTIONS 2010/2030/2050

• 2050: 270 MILLION TONS

• SUPPLY GAP

• MORE FRESH FISH

• MORE LIVE FISH

• MORE VALUE-ADDED

• ORGANIC PRODUCTS

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FOOD SECURITY

• AQUACULTURE IMPORTANT FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION

• AQUACULTURE EXPORTS CREATE FOREIGN CURRENCY REVENUES

• FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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CONCLUSIONS

• AQUACULTURE TRADE GOVERNED BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS (WTO)

• TRADE IN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS GROWING, IN ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE TERMS

• BETTER STATISTICS NEEDED• FUTURE RISE IN DEMAND MUST BE MET

BY AQUACULTURE SUPPLIES

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THANK YOU !