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1
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the
Transformation of the Economy
Andrew Wyckoff and Dirk PilatOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Paris, France
US Department of Commerce Transforming Enterprise ConferenceWashington, DC 27 January 2003
2
Diffusion of ICTDrawn from “Measuring the Information
Economy” 2002
www.oecd.org/sti/measuring-infoeconomy
4
Recent ICT Investment: US
Source: US BEA, NIPA Tables.
Contributions to % change in quarterly real private fixed investment by type
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1995
-I
199
5-III
199
6-I
1996
-III
1997
-I
199
7-III
199
8-I
1998
-III
1999
-I
199
9-III
200
0-I
2000
-III
2001
-I
200
1-III
2002
-I
2002-
III
Structures
Non-ICT equipment
Information processing equipment + software
5
Business Access to and Use of the Internet
0
20
40
60
80
100
%Businesses using the Internet
Businesses receiving orders over the Internet
Businesses ordering over the Internet
7
Skills: The availability of high-skilled workers is associated with higher investment in ICT
Luxembourg*
Finland
Spain
Austria
United Kingdom
Netherlands
BelgiumDenmark
Germany
Italy
Greece
United States
France
Sweden
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4
Share of high-skilled ICT workers in total occupations
ICT
inve
stm
ent (
%G
DP
)
Correlation = 0.68T-statistic = 3.04
8
Regulations: Employment protection legislation may limit required organisational change
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
FranceGermany Greece
Ireland
ItalyJapan
Netherlands
PortugalSpain
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4
Employment protection legislation index
ICT
inve
stm
ent (
%G
FCF)
Correlation = -0.61T-statistics = -3.07
9
Co-invention: ICT investment is accompanied by further innovation in applications and software
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
GreeceIreland
Italy
Netherlands
PortugalSpain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
Finland
Japan
United States
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50
Share of ICT patents in total
ICT
inve
stm
en
t (%
GF
CF
)
Correlation = 0.73T-statistic = 4.21
10
3 Perspectives on the impacts of ICT on performance
– Macroeconomic contribution of ICT investment to Output Growth;
– Industry Improvement of Labour Productivity;
– Competitive gains by individual firms.
11
Contribution of ICT investment to business GDP
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Contribution to growth of business GDP (%)
1990-95
1995-2000
1224
Contribution to Productivity by ICT-Producing Manuf.
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Contribution to labour productivity growth
(%)
1990-95
1996-2000
13
Contribution to Productivity by ICT-using services
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Contribution to labour productivity growth
(%)1990-95 1996-2000
Countries where productivity growth deteriorated
Countries where productivity growth improved
15
Firm-level Canada
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1 2 3 C1 C2 C3 C4
Technology group
Lab
ou
r p
rod
uct
ivit
y re
lati
ve t
o n
on
-use
rs
1988 1997
Source: Baldwin & Sabourin, 2002
16
The sophistication of e-activity increases with experience in ICT use: UK
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
pre 1995 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year that company first started using ICT
Cu
rre
nt
lev
el o
f E
-ac
tiv
ity
Buy using E-commerceSell using E-commerce Buy & sell using E-commerce
Source: Clayton & Waldron, 2002
17
The impacts of ICT differ across OECD countries
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Low/0 Low/Low High/0 Low/High High/Low High/High
Investment group (total/ICT)
Pro
du
cti
vit
y r
ela
tive t
o n
o i
nvestm
en
t
United States
Germany
Source: Haltiwanger, Jarimin & Schank, 2002.
18
Stylised Facts Emerging from OECD Microdata Consortia
Human Capital Industrial Structure Organisational Change Ownership Change Innovation