1. If Britain ruled 32 colonies by 1775 why did only 13 of those colonies rebelled?

CHAPTER 5 NOTES

2.5 million in 13 colonies, half were blacksBritain, the motherland was shock by rapid population growth

of colonies1775: most populous were Virginia, Massachusetts,

Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Maryland4 major cities: Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charleston90% lived in rural area

2. Why do you think there was such a population growth in the 1700s?

CONQUEST BY THE CRADLE

1775:(6%) Germans fled to America due to religious persecution, economic oppression and war, settled in Pennsylvania where it was mostly Protestants, most Germans were Lutherans

Scots-Irish(7%) settled briefly in Pennsylvania but left to the great frontier since most good land already settled, hated British rule/power

A MINGLING OF RACES

Populations of 13 colonies mixedSouth: 90% of population were slavesNew England: Puritans, least ethnic diversityMiddle Colonies (Penn) diverse group of whites

(British, German, Irish etc)Immigrant mixed and married which resulted in a

new multicultural American national identity, different than England

3. How can interracial relationship be a major problem?

CONTINUATION OF RACES

MAP OF MIDDLE COLONIES

CHESAPEAKE COLONIES

CHESAPEAKE BAY

Slaves were from different tribes of Africa, once in America they mix and married other tribes

America land of opportunity and equality except for slaves and women

White people could move rapidly up social ladder unlike England who were born into wealth

CONTINUATION OF RACES

SLAVE REBELLION ON LE AMISTAD

KIDNAPPED SLAVES

DIVERSE GROUP OF SLAVES

Eve of revolution: society becoming more separated from rich to poor like England

Merchant princes in New England and middle colonies profit from war with Natives

War left widows and children who were forced to beg or ask for charity. Poor had to wear the letter “P” on clothes to signify they live on charity

4. Evaluate why you think people were force to wear “P” on their clothes? What is your opinion on this?

THE STRUCTURE OF COLONIAL SOCIETY

South: largest slave owners equate wealth. Not all white people rich because the had no money to buy slaves

Pauper and Convicts sent to Americas(50 thousand). South Carolina wanted to halt slave importation because they

fear slave rebellion. Britain vetoed it because they were profiting from slave trade

CONTINUATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY

Honored profession: Christian ministryPhysicians: lack respect due to lack of trainingEpidemic of small pox and diphtheriaLawyers looked upon as trouble makers

CLERICS, PHYSICIANS, JURIST

Agriculture leading industry (90% of people)Tobacco main crop in Maryland & VirginiaWheat in ChesapeakeGrain in middle coloniesFishing in New EnglandCommerce grewLumbering

WORKDAY AMERICA

Profitable to New England area. Example: skipper takes rum to Africa to trade for slaves, then

takes them back to West Indies to trade for molasses then takes that to New England to distill and make more rum

TRIANGULAR TRADE

NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC MAP

NEW ENGLAND HIGHLIGHTED IN RED

Americans needed British goods more than British needing American goods.

In an effort make money to buy British goods Americans sold to other countries to make a profit

Eve of revolution: Almost all of Chesapeake tobacco sold to France and other foreign nation

Molasses Act: restrict Americans from trading with French West Indies

5. Determine why you think Americans were more dependent on the British for manufactured goods.

WORK DAY AMERICA

Roads dangerous and unmadeTaverns grew along main route of travel Intercolonial postal system established in mid=1700s, slow

and unsecure

HORSEPOWER AND SAILPOWER

Anglican and Congregational churches bigAnglicans: in Georgia, N & S Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and

New York, not strict, short sermonsCongregational: grew from Puritan Church, New England

colonies, supports gain from taxPeople worship if they want

DOMINANT DENOMINATIONS

Conflict between Calvinist( predestination) vs. Armininians ( followers of Jacobus Arminius) who preached individual free will not divine decree, determine a person’s eternal fate

Jonathon Edwards spearheaded Great Awakening which stress the folly of believing in salvation through good works and affirmed the need for mans’ dependence on God’s grace

7. Whose point of view do you agree with and why?

THE GREAT AWAKENING

JONATHON EDWARDS

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: famous Edward’s sermon

George Whitefield: sermon focused on human helplessness and divine omnipotence. Spread of religious revivals, electrifying sermon

Great Awakening significant because it was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people for a common idea or belief

GREAT AWAKENING CONTINUATION

GEORGE WHITEFIELD

Education for rich not poor for leadership not citizenshipPuritan New England wanted to educate people for religious

reason: stress bible reading, good Christians instead of good citizens. Education for boys

Middle colonies : established elementary schools, tax supported

South: relied on tutors

SCHOOLS AND COLLEGE

SCHOOLS

Colonial schools focused on religion, classical languages (Latin and Greek).

Discouraged experiment and reason, but encouraged study of doctrine (a body of ideas, particularly in religion, taught to people as truthful or correct) and dogma(a belief or set of beliefs that a religion holds to be true)

Students whippedCollege education: preparing men for ministryBenjamin Franklin help establish the first American college

free of denominational control: University of Pennsylvania

8. Why would the colonial schools discourage students from doing experiments and using reason?

SCHOOLS CONTINUATION

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Art and culture in colonial Americans still undeveloped, copied from British ideas

Architecture imported from old worldColonial literature, undistinquished except for Phyllis

Wheatley (slave girl) who wrote poetryBenjamin Franklin (“first civilized American) Poor Richard’s

Almanack, book of advice on morality,life, helped shape American Character.

A PROVINCIAL CULTURE

BEN FRANKLIN

First rank scientist, dangerous experiments ( kite-flying episode proving lightning was a form of electricity

Invented bifocal and stoveEstablished in Philadelphia the first privately supported

circulating library ( 4000 volumes).

BEN FRANKLIN ACHIEVEMENTS

Americans too poor to buy books and too busy to read it1776 fifty public librariesPrinting press equals mass production of pamplets, leaflets,

and journals.1734-1735 legal case against Peter Zenger, a newspaper

printer. Charged with seditious libel, taken to court for “printing lies about government”

PIONEER PRESSES

Andrew Hamilton, Philadelphia lawyer defended him. Zenger said he printed the truth not lies. His case symbolizes the freedom of the press, establish the doctrine that true statements about public officials could not be persecuted as libel. Newspaper were free to print responsible criticism of powerful officials

9. Should the press be allowed to print anything they want? Why or why not?

PETER ZENGER CONTINUATION

SITE WHERE PETER ZENGER WAS JAILED

THE TRIAL OF JOHN PETER ZENGER

Formation of governors in colonies by 1775Colonies had a two-house legislative body: upper house

appointed by crown, Lower house: elected by people (those who owned

property)Self-taxation through representation valued1775 America not yet a true democracy- socially,

economically, or politically but headed that way, democratic seed planted= American revolution looming

10. Determine why the colonist wanted their freedom. Focus on major reason and no you can not use the taxes as a reason for now.

THE GREAT GAME OF POLITICS

Food plentiful, but life not easy. Drafty homes, no running water in houses, plumbing, no bathtubs, candles still being used

Entertainment consisted of militia drilling, funerals and wedding activities, horse racing, fox hunting, square dancing etc

Diverse group of people lived life the way they want, not the way the motherland wanted them to. People in new land starting to connect through shared history, culture, and geography which set the stage for the colonists’ struggle to unite as independent people= American revolution

COLONIAL FOLKWAYS

Popular Colonial Games & Toys Which Do You Know? Yo-Yo

PuzzlesHoopsKite FlyingJump RopeLondon BridgeTennisSpinning Tops HopscotchJacob's Ladder Leap FrogBow & ArrowBlind Man's BluffSee SawBubble-BlowingMarblesRocking HorsesSwinging CardsIce slidingJack Straws(or pick-up sticks) In the colonial period, these games helped children learn skills that they would need later in life as farmers and parents. Games taught children how to aim and throw, how to solve problems and do things with their hands, and how to follow directions and rules. They also learned to be fair, to wait their turn, and to use their imaginations.

POPULAR COLONIAL GAMES

LIFE IN THE COLONIES

COLONIAL HOMES

NOAH WEBSTER’S HOME WHERE HE COMPLETED THE

WEBSTER DICTIONARY