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FAA New Technologies Workshop III9 January 2007

“Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality”

Keith McPhersonManager GNSS

FAA New Technologies Workshop III9 January 2007

“Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality”

Keith McPhersonManager GNSS

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What are we trying to do?

Provide harmonious integration of navigation and surveillance systems to provide air space solutions that deliver safe and cost effective seamless gate to gate flight operations to all stakeholders

Reduce controlled flights into terrain

Improve vertical navigation

Why?

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Controlled Flight Into Terrain Accident Locations(US statistics, none available for Australia)

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Relative Locations of Controlled Flights Into Terrain

Lockhart River Accident

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On 7 May 2005, a Fairchild Metroliner, with two pilots and 13 passengers, was on a scheduled passenger service from Bamaga to Cairns via Lockhart River, Qld.

Regional Example

Simulation from Flight Data Recorder information

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Aircraft was well established on GPS centreline, but 850 feet below published flight path at impact point.

GRAS provides the vertical guidance required, but pilots must trust their instruments

From: INTERIM FACTUAL AVIATION SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT 200501977

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Runway 14 Baucau

Accident Site

Extended Centre Line

Ilyushin IL-76Baucau, Timor-Leste

31 January, 2003

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Accident Site

Mt Gambier Airport

Extended Centre Line

Mount Gambier, SA10 December 2001

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What have we done?

• 71% of the world’s airports are Cat-I (IATA)• The world has been waiting for 15 years for GBAS Cat-I• Industry had LAAS SCAT-I capability in 1992/93

• But international STANDARDS were missing

• US (FAA) brought GBAS Cat-I SARPs to ICAO

• Once approved, there was an expectation the system would become available immediately – didn’t happen due to integrity issues

• Qantas took delivery of 9 B737-NGs with GBAS Cat-I avionics• Drove Airservices to look at investing to make the system happen

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Technology Overview

Regional AirportSydney Airport

Guided Departures- Situational Awareness- Accurate departure tracks - Environmental saving

Guided Departures- Situational Awareness- Accurate departure tracks - Environmental saving

-Increased Integrity-Supports ADS-B - accurate surveillance -Assists UPR & UPT-Mixed Mode operation with RNP

-Increased Integrity-Supports ADS-B - accurate surveillance -Assists UPR & UPT-Mixed Mode operation with RNP

- Increased safety, accuracy & integrity- More efficient approaches- Reduced infrastructure & real estate- Increased Guided missed approaches

- Increased safety, accuracy & integrity- More efficient approaches- Reduced infrastructure & real estate- Increased Guided missed approaches

GRAS Transmitters

GRAS 250ftGRAS 250ftGBAS 200ftGBAS 200ft

NPA 400-600ftNPA 400-600ft

GBAS is a precision landing system GRAS enroute & regional approach system

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GBAS System

GroundBased AugmentationSystem

GBAS is Airport BasedGRAS Regional System

GBAS Features• Replaces ILS

• Covers all runway ends

• Curved approaches• Terrain Issues

• Environmental

• Guided missed

approaches

• Guided departures

• Reduced real estate

• More stability

• Less signal Interference

• Less maintenanceOne GBAS supports all runways within 23 nmiles (eg Sydney and Bankstown)

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GNSS Operational Benefits

Angled Approach

Straight Approach

Sectored Approach

Parallel Approach

Curved Approach

Runways

Terrain Restrictions

Guided Departu

res

Community Noise Concerns

GRAS and GBAS provide Vertical Guidance andFlexible approaches

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GBAS Cat-1 Sydney

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The “Hook” at Sydney airport extending into Botany Bay

GLS Facility Shelter

VHF Data Link Antenna

GPS Reference Receiver Antennas

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QANTAS:

First B737-NGs with operational GBAS Cat-I

First full fleet fitment of GLS

Lead customer for GLS on A-380s

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Beta GBAS Cat-I in Australia

28 Aug 05: Decision to go ahead29 Oct 05: First test flight by Qantas (Intermittent trials for 12 mths)

31 Oct 06: CASA approved Qantas to fly the GBAS Cat-1 (CASA Instrument 399/06) Must use Honeywell Beta+ GBAS facility Only usable by Qantas pilots in accordance with Qantas trial May fly below RTCC lowest altitude if:

Ceiling is at least 3000 feet above terrainFlight crew has runway threshold in sight

03 Nov 06: CASA approved Airservices to commence transmissions23 Nov 06: Go live date

Other airlines with suitably equipped and approved GBAS avionics may apply for approval to use the approaches

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ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia

• Airservices Australia contracted Honeywell International to bring an ICAO compliant GBAS Cat-I to completion – signed 10 Apr 06

• Approximately 22 months to complete RTCA DO-178B/278 compliant software – approximately 6 months of certification

• Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority involved from Day 1

• Aim is to have CASA approve Part 171 change to allow operation of completed system by mid 2008

• Technical Cooperation Agreement signed with the FAA (Feb 06) to share information, staff and procedures

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ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia

• Building and certifying to FAA Doc 2937A – some areas will be non compliant due to Australian laws eg. fire and intruder alarms must not be part of system but completely separate

• System will enable elliptical or horizontal polarised broadcasts

• FAA plans to issue System Design Approval for the ground station only as a “Non-Fed” system using Memphis

• Once SDA achieved, system migrates to Australia for the full Part 171 operational approval program

• Operational Approval involves ground station, site surveys, maintenance plans, logistics plans, flight inspection plans, pilot training, pilot licensing, ATC training

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QANTAS Aircraft - GBAS Fitment

Qantas has 9 x B737-800s with GBAS avionics

Approval gained 22 Dec 06 to retrofit other 24 x B737s

Qantas 20 x A380s will come fitted with GBAS avionics

All new Boeing aircraft will be fitted with GBAS avionics(including B787s (2007), B747-8s (2009)

B777-200/300 Block 2 avionics or above are candidates for retrofitting – growing demand from airlines for B777 retrofit

Airbus aircraft has GBAS avionics as an option on future buys

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• Red label GBAS Cat-1 available 1st Quarter 2008 (12 months from now)Hardware and software as presented for certification but awaiting certification

• Red Labels into Memphis, Sydney, Bremen, Malaga late 2007

• Red Label will be upgraded to black label if no changes during certification

• Black Label GBAS Cat-I available 1st quarter 2009

• Red label GBAS Cat-1 available 1st Quarter 2008 (12 months from now)Hardware and software as presented for certification but awaiting certification

• Red Labels into Memphis, Sydney, Bremen, Malaga late 2007

• Red Label will be upgraded to black label if no changes during certification

• Black Label GBAS Cat-I available 1st quarter 2009

Availability

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• Aircraft manufacturers and airlines driving the way forward instead of waiting to be told what they should use

• The synergy between Performance Based Navigation (RNP) and GBAS

• Challenge of designing approaches to transition between an RNP approach and a Precision Approach or Approach with Vertical Guidance

• Renewed interest in GBAS Cat-I

• International Requests For Proposals and Requests for Expressions of Interest already issued for GBAS Cat-I systems

• Outstanding relationship developed between FAA and Airservices Australia GBAS staff and senior management for certification and operational approval of GBAS

• Aircraft manufacturers and airlines driving the way forward instead of waiting to be told what they should use

• The synergy between Performance Based Navigation (RNP) and GBAS

• Challenge of designing approaches to transition between an RNP approach and a Precision Approach or Approach with Vertical Guidance

• Renewed interest in GBAS Cat-I

• International Requests For Proposals and Requests for Expressions of Interest already issued for GBAS Cat-I systems

• Outstanding relationship developed between FAA and Airservices Australia GBAS staff and senior management for certification and operational approval of GBAS

Unexpected Outcomes

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Galileo SatelliteSBAS Geo Satellite Ranging Only

GLONASS SatelliteGPS

Satellite

SBAS Geo(Ranging Signal Only)

ReferenceStations

GRAS MasterStation

TerrestrialCommunication Links

VDBVDB

VDB VDB

VDB

VDB

GRAS – Generic Architecture

Similar to SBAS and GBAS

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GRAS

• Phase 1 System Design started 2005

• Phase 2 - Full development contract signed with Honeywell 10 Apr 06

• APV-I (0.999 availability) will be achieved in low density areas• APV-I (0.9999 availability) will be achieved in high density areas• APV-II was assessed and the benefit gained was considered not worth

the additional investment

• ICAO only requires APV-I

• GRAS SARPs Applicability Date 23 Nov 06

• Operational Approval December 2008 (planned)

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GRAS Avionics

• RTCA GRAS MOPS (Avionics) now in penultimate draft To commence Final Review and Comments (FRAC) Jan 07

• MOPS cater for high end aircraft, regional, charter and general

aviation

• Queensland University of Technology PhD students are building a General Aviation low cost aircraft GRAS receiver

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GBAS/GRAS Synergies

• One set of ICAO SARPs covers both GBAS and GRAS

• GBAS and GRAS capability in the one avionics, not separate systems

• The synergy between GBAS and GRAS avionics is so close that the combination provides a cost effective solution to augmentation

• Provides vertical guidance for regional, charter and general aviation

• Airservices Australia and Honeywell are forging ahead with GBAS Cat-1 and GRAS development and certification

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Sydney Demonstration GBAS

GBAS Software Development

GRAS software DevelopmentPhase 1 – DefinitionPhase 2 – Development and Certification

Production

Operational & Deployment

GBAS Aircraft

GRAS Avionics

CY07 CY08CY05 CY06

Submit Certification docs

IOC

First passengerflight

PDR

SLS-4000 BetaTo Sydney

CDR

Summary Plan

27/10

27/1

TRR

14/10

PDRHW

CDR

25/10

PDRSW

SDA

30/4

23/11

CY09

Certification

B737-800 A380A320 A340

B787 B747-8

171 CertificationSafety CaseProcedure

Tech CertRemote Monitor

Standards Hon MMRLow CostAvionics

Prototype Full Production

Certification

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Thank you