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1CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Safety coefficients and sub-criticality levels
EFIT and XT-ADS
Gérald Rimpault,Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) Cadarache Center
EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting27-28 November, 2008
FZK , RFA
2CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
He-EFIT Core Neutronic characteristics (25/11/08)
Results with ERANOS2.1 using JEFF3.1
Gérald Rimpault, Julian Murgatroyd, Frédéric Jean
3CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
He-EFIT Core Lay out
Inner core [186]
Outer core [180]
Shutoff rod [12]
Reflector [150]
Shield [270]
Outer spallation module [12]
Inner spallation module [7]
Inner core [186]
Outer core [180]
Shutoff rod [12]
Reflector [150]
Shield [270]
Outer spallation module [12]
Inner spallation module [7]
Inner core [186]
Outer core [180]
Shutoff rod [12]
Reflector [150]
Shield [270]
Outer spallation module [12]
Inner spallation module [7]
4CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
New Core Design – Detailed Characteristics (1/2)
EFIT Type He-EFIT Thermal Power (MWth) - Volumic Power 400 - 55 MW/m3 Coolant Type He Coolant Pressure (bar) 70 Inlet Temperature (°C) 350 Outlet Temperature (°C) 572 Plant Efficiency 43.3 % - Indirect S-CO2 cycle with re-compression Cladding Type - Thickness SiC/SiCf -Thickness = 1 mm Spallation module Solid W He cooled Accelerator LINAC - E = 800 MeV - I = 24 mA
Zone 1 (Inner) 2 (Outer) Matrix Type MgO MgO Matrix Fraction 45% 45%
Core Geometry Number of fissile sub-assemblies 186 180 Fissile Height (H) 1.25 m 1.25 m Wrapper Width over outer Flats 137 mm 137 mm Wrapper Thickness 4.0 mm 4.0 mm Inter-Wrapper Gap 2.0 mm 2.0 mm Coolant Volumic Fraction (%) 44.75% 37.19% Fuel + Matrix Volumic Fraction (%) 21.70% 34.98% Structure Volume Fraction (%) 33.56% 27.83%
5CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
New Core Design – Detailed Characteristics (2/2)
Zone 2 (Intermediate) 3 (Outer) Sub-Assembly Bundle Geometry
Number of Pin rows per S/A - Pin per S/A 8- 217 5 - 91 Pin outer Diameter 6.87 mm 11.57 mm Pitch 8.60 mm 13.20 mm Pellet/Cladding Gap 0.081 mm 0.160 mm Pellet Diameter 4.71 mm 9.25 mm
Core Thermal-Hydraulics Average Coolant Speed in the Fissile Core 35 m/s 45 m/s Max Pin Linear Power 72 W/cm 171 W/cm Total Core Pressure Drop 0.74 Bar 1.01 Bar
Hottest Channel Thermics Max Cladding Temperature in the Hottest Channel
700 °C 711 °C
Max Fuel Temperature in the Hottest Channel 950 °C 1310 °C
Under nominal conditions :Large Margins on cladding temperature (120O °C under normal operating conditions)Fuel max. temperature (1380 °C) respect the design criteriaTo be cross-checked with CATHARE
6CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Helium
Accelerator + Protons beam
He-Water HX + Blower
Pump
Hot Water
Hot He
Cold He
Air-Water HX
Air
HD
HR
Core
DHR System
PCS
Decay Heat Removal Systems
1054 mm
Ø 3100 mm
Ø 800 mm
89.6 mm
IHX Design
Blowers Design
7CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Justification of He-EFIT operation reactivity
(pcm)
keff
Safety limit - 0.99
Core compaction 905 0.9812
Target removal 82 0.9804
Void effect 502 0.9756
handling error 410 0.9717
Cold state limit (20°C) - 0.9717
Hot zero power limit (100°C)
72 0.9711
Fuel expansion 169 0.9695
Doppler 99 0.9685
Doppler structure -21 0.9687
Axial expansion -66 0.9694
Radial expansion (diagrid)
72 0.9687
Nominal state limit - 0.9687
8CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
He-EFIT Feedback coefficients
KD
(pcm) BOC
BOC (pcm/°
C)
EOC (pcm/°
C)
Fuel expansion - -0.188 -0.166
Doppler -81 - -
Axial expansion - 0.249 0.314
Radial expansion (diagrid)
- -0.288 -0.252
Axial expansion coefficient takes into account axial expansion and “doppler structure” effects. All feedback coefficients are negative
except for the axial expansion coefficient which is positive (SiC cladding).
Expansion of PuMAO2 much bigger than SiC in the temperature ranges of the system: Fuel expansion superseeds SiC axial expansion
9CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
XT-ADS CL-P0 Core Neutronic characteristics (13/11/08)
Results with ERANOS2.1 using JEFF3.1
Gérald Rimpault, Frédéric Jean
Two XT-ADS data (CL-P0 Core) cores :
BOL Core : 68 S/A, Pth = 57 MW
BOC Core : 75 S/A, Pth = 57 MW
10CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
XT-ADS CL-P0 BOL Core : 68 S/A, Pth = 57 MW, Fresh Core
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [68]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [62]
Reflector (steel) [45]
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [68]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [62]
Reflector (steel) [45]
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [68]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [62]
Reflector (steel) [45]
11CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
XT-ADS CL-P0 BOC Core : 75 S/A, Pth = 57 MW, Equilibrium Core
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [75]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [55]
Reflector (steel) [45]
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [75]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [55]
Reflector (steel) [45]
Spallation module [3]
Fuel assembly [75]
IPS [8]
Dummy assembly [55]
Reflector (steel) [45]
12
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS CL-P0 Core Neutronic characteristics (13/11/08)
1. XT-ADS data (CL-P0 Core) : Values at Room Temperature i.e. 20°C
d(U,Pu)O2 at 20°C = 10,55 g/cm3 (porosity = 0,9485)
2. XT-ADS data (CL-P0 Core) : Operating temperatures
3. K-Effective
Temperature (°C)
Fuel 875
Clad 384
Coolant 350
Hot zero power 200
Cold state 20
Operating conditions (Top)
Hot zero power (200°C)
Cold state (20°C)
CL-P0 "fresh core" (68 S/A) BOL
not linked 0.9377 0.9474 0.9550
linked 0.9389 0.9474 0.9550
CL-P0 "equilibrium core" (75 S/A) linked
BOC 0.9406 0.9487 0.9559
EOC 0.9286 0.9364 0.9435
13
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS data (CL-P0 Core) from room (20°C) to Operating temperatures:
•Material densities :
•Expanded Dimensions
ERANOS density (g/cm3)
Medium 20°C Top
FUEL 10,55 10,37
CLAD 7,77 7,674
COOLANT 10,34 9,965
ERANOS distance (cm)
Dimension (cm) 20°C Top
Core height 60 60.229
Lattice pitch 9.32 9.356
Pellet ext. radius 0.27 0.27105
Clad int. radius 0.28 0.28109
Clad ext. radius 0.3275 0.32877
Hex. Tube Int. pitch 8.92 8.9546
Hex. Tube Int. pitch 9.32 9.356
14CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Feedback coefficients : Theory
Doppler effectAbsorption and fission resonance widening.
Fuel expansion
Axial expansionSodium expansion
Spectrum effect + Leakage effect + CaptureSteel expansion
Axial expansion + Radial expansion
Diagrid effect Diagrid expansion
Differential expansion Core, vessel, rods expansion
15
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOL (68 S/A)
Feedback calculations results (linked / not linked) :
Linked calculation Non-linked calculation
Core state (pcm)
(pcm)keff (pcm)
(pcm)
keff
Operating state (Top) -6512 0,9389 -6646 0,9377
Feedback effects
(200°C --> Tnom)
Coolant expansion
-6158 -354 0,9420 -6291 -355 0,9408
Fuel expansion -6512 0 0,9389 -6465 -181 0,9393
Doppler -6196 -316 0,9417 -6328 -318 0,9405
Doppler structure -15 -6631 -15 0,9378
Axial expansion -6451 -86 0,9394 -6633 -42 0,9378
Radial expansion (diagrid)
-6383 -129 0,9400 -6517 -129 0,9388
-900 -1040
Hot zero power (200°C) -5551 -961 0,9474 -5548 -1098 0,9474
Cold state (20°C) -4707 -1805 0,9550 -4707 -1939 0,9550
16
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOC/EOC (75 S/A)
Feedback calculations results (linked) :
BOC EOC
Core state (pcm)
(pcm)keff (pcm)
(pcm)
keff
Operating state (Top) -6314 0,9406 -7691 0,9286
Feedback effects
(200°C --> Tnom)
Coolant density -5982 -332 0,9436 -7354 -337 0,9315
Fuel expansion -6314 0 0,9406 -7691 0 0,9286
Doppler -6000 -314 0,9434 -7373 -318 0,9313
Doppler structure -15 -15
Axial expansion -6256 -83 0,9411 -7633 -84 0,9291
Radial expansion (diagrid)
-6185 -129 0,9418 -7560 -131 0,9297
-873 -885
Hot zero power (200°C) -5408 -906 0,9487 -6788 -903 0,9364
Cold state (20°C) -4609 -1705 0,9559 -5986 -1705 0,9435
17
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOL (68 S/A) and BOC/EOC (75 S/A)
Feedback coefficients calculation :
BOL BOC/EOC linkedSCK-CEN
results
T1 (°C) T2 (°C) K (pcm) linked (pcm/°C)
non linked
(pcm/°C)
K BOC (pcm)
BOC (pcm/°C)
EOC (pcm/°C)
(pcm/°C)K (pcm)
Coolant density 200 350 - -2,360 -2,367 - -2,213 -2,247 -2,36
Fuel expansion 200 875 - 0,000 -0,268 - 0,000 0,000 -
Doppler 200 875 -356 - - -354 - - -370
Axial expansion 200 350 - -0,673 -0,380 - -0,653 -0,660 -0,93
Radial expansion (diagrid)
200 400 - -0,645 -0,645 - -0,645 -0,655 -
Gert currently checking his results for Axial Expansion
18
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOL (68 S/A)
Reactivity void effects :
H void (cm)target (3
S/A)ring 1 (9
S/A)rings 1&2 (21
S/A)rings 1-3 (41
S/A)
0 0 0 0 0
10 26 114 184 0
20 40 209 358 78
30 2 252 439 64
40 -125 218 376 -125
50 -372 85 119 -574
60 -761 -177 -413 -1430
XT-ADS - CL-P0 Core at BOL (68 S/A)Void effect on reactivity
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
H void (cm)
(pcm
)
target (3 S/A)
ring 1 (9 S/A)
rings 1&2 (21 S/A)
rings 1-3 (41 S/A)
19
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOL (68 S/A)
keff safety limits calculation (not linked) :
(pcm) keff
Safety limit - 0,99
Core compaction 1862 0,9721
Max Void effect 439 0,9680
Cold state limit (20°C) - 0,9680
Hot zero power limit (200°C) 841 0,9601
Coolant expansion 355 0,9569
Fuel expansion 181 0,9552
Doppler 318 0,9523
Doppler structure 15 0,9522
Axial expansion 42 0,9518
Radial expansion (diagrid) 129 0,9506
Nominal state limit - 0,9506
20CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT CERCER Core Neutronic characteristics (26/11/08)
Results with ERANOS2.1 using JEFF3.1
Gérald Rimpault, Frédéric Jean
21
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
Pb-EFIT CERCER Core BOL
Reactivity void effects :
H void (cm)target
(19 S/A)ring 1
(18 S/A)rings 1 & 2
(42 S/A)rings 1 to 3
(72 S/A)rings 1 to 4 (108 S/A)
rings 1 to 5 (150 S/A)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 4 89 367 901 1603 2170
30 36 192 794 1903 3261 4310
45 63 280 1175 2767 4612 5998
60 72 342 1451 3378 5537 7143
75 62 367 1576 3661 5969 7700
90 30 339 1483 3483 5732 7469
Pb-EFITVoid effect on reactivity
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
H void (cm)
(pc
m)
target (19 S/A)
ring 1 (18 S/A)
rings 1 & 2 (42 S/A)
rings 1 to 3 (72 S/A)
rings 1 to 4 (108 S/A)
rings 1 to 5 (150 S/A)
90 cm H void 90 cm H void
Target void Core rings void
Target Core Target Core
90 cm H void 90 cm H void
Target void Core rings void
Target Core Target Core
22CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT Core
keff safety limits proposal from ANSALDO
23CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT CERCER Core
keff safety limits results
(pcm) keff
Safety limit - 0.99
Core compaction 1416 0.9763
Max Void effect 7 S/A 387 0.9726
Cold state limit (20°C) - 0.9726
Hot zero power limit (200°C) 110 0.9716
Coolant expansion -97 0.9725
Doppler 28 0.9723
Doppler structure 14 0.9721
Axial expansion 35 0.9718
Radial expansion (diagrid) 126 0.9706
Nominal state limit - 0.9706
Under revision with 380°C as « Hot zero power temperature »
Need to be discussed
Maximum value => enveloppe case
Pb plays a shock absorber role
24CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT CERCER Core
Feedback Coefficients
Coolant expansion under scrutiny
(core, reflector, density, expansion coefficient…)
Massimo Sarotto made the calculation with a variation of 10% in Pb density, only in the active zone. That accounts for -48 pcm/ % density.
KD (pcm)
BOC BOC
(pcm/°C) EOC
(pcm/°C)
Coolant expansion - 0.404 0.338
Doppler -31 - -
Axial expansion - -0.204 -0.213
Radial expansion (diagrid)
- -0.630 -0.615
25CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Extra Viewgraphs
26CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Feedback coefficient calculations
•Références: Notes techniques CEA: M.Vanier, JC Klein (SMFR)Thèse CEA Na Byung Chan, 1996
•Doppler effect :
•Others feedback : linear variation :
•Coolant expansion :
1
2D
D
T
Tln
KTT
K
conc%1
conc%1 T
1
T
conc
concTk
Cool%1CoolCool
Coolc99.0c
3
0
Cool3Cool0
300k
300
1c
cT
1T1cc
0
27CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
•Steel expansion: Axial:
Radial:
•Fuel expansion:
i = Fuel if not linked, i = steel if linked
•Diagrid effect:
steel%1steelaxial_steel 100k
Cool
steelCool%1steelradial_steel V
V200k
Dopplersteelheight%1fuel%1ifuel 100k
Cool%1
Cool
Coolabs%1Fuel%1steel%1fis_R%1steelsom V
V12100k
Feedback coefficient calculations
28
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
CONDITIONS_DE_FONCTIONNEMENT MILIEU (EDL_MILSTD) REFERENCE_UNIT 'BBL_REF' DILATATION RADIALE 400.0 'MSTRU' AXIALE 350.0 'MSTRU' CALCUL LIE TEMPERATURE COMBUSTIBLE 875.0 FERTILE 384.0 STRUCTURE 384.0 CALOPORTEUR 350.0 ABSORBANT 384.0
Feedback calculation method :
Radial expansion (400°C 200°C)
Axial expansion (350°C 200°C)
Fuel expansion (875°C 200°C)
Linked/not linked calculation
Axial expansion (384°C 200°C)
Coolant expansion (350°C 200°C)
CELLULE 'CCOMB' EDITION MINI 'ASSEMBLAGE COMBUSTIBLE 1 INITIAL'TEMPERATURE 1 (TSTRU) 2 (TSTRU) 3 (TCALO) 4 (TCOMBDOP) 5 (TCOMBDOP) 6 (TSTRU) 7 (TSTRU) 8 (TCALO) 9 (TCALO) 10 (TSTRU) 11 (TCALO)
ECCO calculation :
Doppler (TCOMBDOP = 200°C)
29
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
XT-ADS Core BOL (68 S/A)
Feedback coefficients calculation :
Adding steel Doppler, Linked value become -0,673
Gert has found -0.93 and is currently checking his results for Axial Expansion
Using the « conditions de
fonctionnement » module i.e.
Operating conditions
Method with 1% density change and
1% height
Linked -0,407 pcm/°C -0,363 pcm/°C
Non linked -0,087 pcm/°C -0,341 pcm/°C
30CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT CERCER core
inner core: 42 assemblies; intermediate core: 66 assemblies; outer core: 72 assemblies,
31CEA/DEN/DER Gérald Rimpault EUROTRANS DM1 Safety Meeting, 27-28 November, 2008, FZK, RFA
FI6W-CT-2004-516520: Integrated Project on European Transmutation (EUROTRANS)
Pb-EFIT CERCER core
towards CERMET Core
A Proposal
Inner + Intermediate CERCER CERMET
Number of Pin per S/A 169 91
Number of Pin rows per SA 7 5
Pin outer Diameter 8.62 mm 12.67 mm
Cladding Roughness Lisse Lisse
Pitch to Rod Ratio 1.58 1.46
Pitch (mm) 13.63 mm 18.46 mm
Hydraulic Diameter 8.64 mm 9.04 mm
Cladding Thickness 0.60 mm 0.60 mm
Pellet/Cladding Gap 0.160 mm 0.160 mm
Pellet Diameter 7.10 mm 11.15 mm
Coolant Fraction 54.0% 46.5%
Outer CERCER CERMET
Number of Pin per S/A 169 91
Number of Pin rows per SA 7 5
Pin outer Diameter 9.52 mm 13.99 mm
Cladding Roughness Lisse Lisse
Pitch to Rod Ratio 1.42 1.31
Pitch (mm) 13.54 mm 18.34 mm
Hydraulic Diameter 8.64 mm 9.04 mm
Cladding Thickness 0.60 mm 0.60 mm
Pellet/Cladding Gap 0.160 mm 0.160 mm
Pellet Diameter 8.00 mm 12.47 mm
Coolant Fraction 54.0% 46.5%