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ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS OF METABOLISM

CHAPTER 5

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Metabolism

Anabolism Catabolism

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Energy Capture

Oxidation

Reduction

Redox

NAD+ + e- -------> NADHOxidized form Reduced form

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Metabolic Lifestyles — Autotrophy

Photoautotroph

Chemoautotroph

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Metabolic Lifestyles — Heterotrophy

Photoheterotroph

Chemoheterotroph

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Metabolic Lifestyles Summary

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Enzymes

Role

Structure

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Enzyme Sites

Active Site

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Enzyme Inhibition

Competitive

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Enzyme Inhibition

Non-competitive

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Allosteric Site

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Reaction Rate Influences

Temperature

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Reaction Rate Influences

pH

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Enzyme Reaction Rates

Enzyme concentration

Reactant concentration

Product concentration

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LeChatlier’s Principle and the BioChemical Pathway

A + B C + D

Want to go forward? Increase concentration of A + B or Decrease concentration of C + D

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Anaerobic metabolism

Glycolysis

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Anaerobic Pathways

Alternatives

Fermentation

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Emden-MeyerhoffStandard glycolysis

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Entner-Douderoff pathway

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Aerobic Metabolism

Krebs Cycle (aka. TCA cycle, citric acid cycle)

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Krebs cycle

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Electron Transport Chain

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Electron Transport Chain

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Chemiosmosis

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Anaerobic Respiration

Final electron acceptor differences

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Fat Catabolism

Glycerol

Fatty Acids

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Protein Catabolism

Deamination

Carbon skeleton usage

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Protein anabolism (amino acid synthesis)

Precursors off of Krebs cycle

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Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis

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Other Metabolic Processes

Photoheterotrophy (Rhodopseudomonas)

Light as energy carbohydrates as carbon source

Chemoautotrophy (Nitrobacter)

HNO2 as energy CO2 as carbon source

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Uses Of Energy

Biosynthesis

Membrane Transport Active transport/antiport

Movement ATP to drive flagella or cilia

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Bioluminescence

Microbial Source