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Energy Flow Through in Ecosystems

Lesson 1 Lesson 1

Food Chains, Food Webs, Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy PyramidsEnergy Pyramids

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The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!

_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.

http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

SUNLIGHT

ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY

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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

•Chemical reaction where Chemical reaction where green plants use water & green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucosesun’s energy in glucose

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An organism An organism that can make that can make

its own food are its own food are calledcalled

PRODUCERS.

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The The energy that is not energy that is not used by producersused by producers can can

be passed on to be passed on to organisms that cannot organisms that cannot

make their own make their own energy.energy.

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An organism that obtains An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other energy by feeding on other

organisms are calledorganisms are called CONSUMERS.CONSUMERS.

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HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS

________________ = eat only plants

________________ = eat only animals

________________ =eat both plants & animals

http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpghttp://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gifhttp://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg

HERBIVORES

CARNIVORES

OMNIVORES

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Carnivore that feeds Carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead on the bodies of dead organisms are called organisms are called

scavengersscavengers

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Decomposersbreak down biotic wastes & dead

organisms, returning raw materials to the ecosystem

Ex. Fungi & bacteria

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Series of events win which 1 organism eats another & obtains

energy________________

= _________________

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg

PRODUCERS(Autotrophs)

CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs)

↑↑

FOOD CHAIN

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The The transfer of energytransfer of energy from the from the sunsun to to producerproducer to primary consumer then to primary consumer then to higher order to higher order consumersconsumers can be shown in acan be shown in a FOOD FOOD

CHAIN.CHAIN.

ONLY 1 Direction!!ONLY 1 Direction!!

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Food ChainFood Chain

ProducerProducer ((trapped sunlight & trapped sunlight & stored food)stored food)

11stst level level ConsumeConsumerr

22ndnd level level ConsumConsumerer

33rdrd level level consumconsumerer 44thth level level

ConsumConsumerer

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More Food ChainsMore Food Chains

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Name the Producer, Name the Producer, Consumers & Decomposers Consumers & Decomposers

in this food chain:in this food chain:

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In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex

A ______________ consists of many overlapping chains in an ecosystem.FOOD WEB

Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

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How Many Chains are in this web?

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LevelsLevelsProducersProducers

Always The First LevelAlways The First LevelHow Energy Enters The SystemHow Energy Enters The System

HerbivoresHerbivores

Second Level (1Second Level (1stst consumers) consumers)Feed directly on producersFeed directly on producers

Carnivores/OmnivoresCarnivores/OmnivoresMake Up The Remaining LevelsMake Up The Remaining Levels

Each level depends on the one Each level depends on the one below it for energy.below it for energy.

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Diagram that Diagram that shows the shows the amount of amount of

energy that energy that moves from one moves from one feeding level to feeding level to another is an another is an

ENERGY ENERGY PYRAMIDPYRAMID

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Energy Pyramids ShowEnergy Pyramids Show

•Amount of available Amount of available energy energy decreasesdecreases for for higher consumers higher consumers

•It takes a It takes a large large number of producersnumber of producers to support a smaller to support a smaller number herbivores & number herbivores & large number of large number of herbivoresherbivores to support to support a smaller number of a smaller number of carnivorescarnivores

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Energy Pyramids Show Energy Pyramids Show Available EnergyAvailable Energy

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Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid

Only 10% of energy at level is moved to the next level--Rest is lost as HEAT

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Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers:Decomposers:

Count the Count the Food Food

Chains!Chains!