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Emerging Technology: Podcasting
Journalism is a Conversation
JACC 2006
San Jose State UniversitySchool of Journalism & Mass Communications
Steve [email protected]://sloantech.blogspot.com/
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Podcasting:A topic of great
interest
See:
•www.mercurynews.com
•Itconversations.com
•Dangillmor.typepad.comThis is a podcast!
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Agenda What is podcasting? Emerging Technology (ET)
Define and understand ET Where podcasting fits into ET Disruptive Technology
Define and understand podcasting Podcasting nuts and bolts
How to create a podcast Podcasting tools
Summary Benefits of podcasting Downside of podcasting
Conclusion, credits and conversation
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Emerging technologies of the pastPortable phones once niche players in
telecommunications
Hard to use
Cumbersome
Expensive
Now considered one of the three things everybody has
Wallet/purse
Keys
Portable phone
Continuing to change face of society, this tech is still emerging
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What is Emerging Technology?
What are some emerging
technologies?
The adjective emerging has 3 meanings Coming into view
Coming into existence
Coming to maturity
Internet + Weblogging The read-write web
Dan Gillmor, “We the media”
User enabling software-hardware Common computers over 1 billion instructions a second (Super
Computers, “Lethal Weapons”)
Media creation applications such as iMovie, iPhoto etc.
Portable devices OQO, Sony devices, Nokia and “Scoble” phones
Always-on broadband in the home Cable-DSL
Ubiquitous connectivity, “digital dial tone” 802.11, Cellular, RSS, (wireless plus download)
See:
•www.answers.com
•www.bushin30seconds.org
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Understanding ET
“Disruptive Technology”
Sustaining verses emerging “disruptive” technologies Disruptive, in this case, means products and technologies that
disrupt established solutions and markets, but sustain the underlying process
In an educational setting this can be viewed as methods that offer easier, faster, better and/or cheaper ways improving learning outcomes
See:The Innovator's Dilemma, Clayton M. Christensen
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Impact of Disruptive
Technologies
At turn of the 20th Century the steam train was the transportation system of choice to meet underlying need to get from place to place
Safe
Comfortable
Fast
Relatively convenient
Internal combustion engine could not compete in core market and developed in niche market
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Impact of Disruptive
Technologies
By end of 20th Century, internal combustion engine has replaced steam engine in what was steam engine’s core market
Steam engine has become niche player
Railroads have declined, focused on freight, and are no longer a predominate mode of long distance travel
Disruptive Emerging Technologies Change markets, processes and paradigms
Existing paradigms are not secure
Start and develop in niche and often obscure markets
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Podcasting and Emerging
Technology
Podcasting is a subset of RSS which is a subset of Emerging Technology
Podcasting uses RSS v. 2.0 Enclosures
Includes video podcasting
XML based
Download based
Not dependent on high bandwidth
Thrives on relatively pervasive connectivity
Technically it is pull technology Push / pull convergence
Subscription required
Has push characteristics
“Long tail” technology
Infinite number of channels!
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Podcasting is Mixing of the words iPod and broadcasting
A web-based broadcast medium
Audio files (most commonly in MP3 format) Made available online
Software (like iPodder & xPodder) Automatically detects new files
Based on RSS v 2.0 enclosures
Downloads the files For listening at the user's convenience
Allows time shiftingSee:
•www.wikipedia.org
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Understanding Podcasting
A podcast is like an audio magazine subscription Subscribe to a feed
Subscriber receives regular audio programs delivered via the Internet
Can listen to them at their leisure
Differ from traditional internet audio in two important ways They can be listened to at any time because a copy is on the
listener's computer or portable music player (hence the "pod" in "podcasting")
Are automatically delivered to subscribers, so no active downloading is required
Podcasting is functionally similar to the use of timeshift-capable digital video recorders (DVRs) such as TiVo which lets users record and store television
programs for later viewing
Push / Pull convergence
See:
•www.wikipedia.org
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Podcasting is not just for audio
Video podcasting!(Vodcasting)
See:
• ABC News Video
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Any file can be in a feed, “x.casting”
See:
•www.feedforall.com
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Podcasting is not just for iPods
See:
•www.edupodder.com
•www.itconversations.com
•www.engadget.com
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XML code of a podcast
See:
•www.edupodder.com
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Not just for news!Some uses for
podcasting in education
For distance learning
To facilitate self-paced learning
For remediation of slower learners
To allow faculty to offer advanced and or highly motivated learners extra content
For helping students with reading and/or other learning disabilities
For multi-lingual education
To provide the ability for educators to feature guest speakers from remote locations
To allow guest speakers the ability to present once to many sections and classes
To allow educators to escape the tedium of lecturing
To offer a richer learning environment
See:
•www.edupodder.com
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How to subscribe to a podcast?
Started with iPodder.org Had to download a client
Note the number of supported platforms!
Find a podcast Use the tools
iTunes and iPodder have built in directories
You can search on-line or in iTunes
Started with ipodder.org
Note categories
Oh, you can always Google!
You can also selectively download using a browser
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Started with ipodder.org
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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Note supported platforms
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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Download a client
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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Find a feed using a tool like iTunes
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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Also search on-line at iPodder or use
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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You can download a lot of content
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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Podcasts can automatically go into iTunes, then
your iPod
See:
•www.ipodder.org
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You can just download the files
too, the old fashioned way!
See:
•www.itconversations.com
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How to do a podcast?
See:
•www.graperadio.com
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Video vs. Audio Podcasting
Things to consider
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Producing a podcast
There are a lot of options Macintosh
Use GarageBand and iTunes, etc.
Similar Windows programs
Audacity is cross platform
On-line options increasingly available
Generating Feed The XML feed can be generated automatically using
tools
Feeder is a middle way of generating the feed
You can copy a feed that validates and change the information in the XML file manually
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Audioblog
Eric Rice
See:
•www.audioblog.com
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This is Odeo
See:
•www.odeo.com
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Odeo offers some attractive features
Access Control Lists (ACLs) on the roadmap
Can control who can get access to content
Easy to use user interface
Evan Williams, former co-founder of Pyra Labs
Pyra created “Blogger”
Blogger is now owned by Google
See:
•odeo.com
•Flickr.com
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Audioblogger
See:
•www.audioblogger.com
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Feeder:A feed centric
approach?
See:
•www.reinventedsoftware.com
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One podcasting kit
See:
•www.pwop.com
Less than $400!
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One podcasting kit High-quality gear that is also compact and affordable
You don't need a computer in order to record your voice
The mic plugs into the preamp. The preamp plugs into the recording device's line input, and the headphones plug into the recording device's headphone jack
Only the preamp requires AC power
Recording device uses a single AA battery which lasts a long time
See:
•www.pwop.com
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Lifeblog
See:
•mobile.kaywa.com
•www.nokia.com
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Podcasts to Go!
Podcasts to/from your phone
Podcasting and Skype
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Transparency By nature RSS is transparent This can be good or bad
Invites the world into the classroom
Some solutions for this
Use application layer security (SSL/SSH)
Tools like Odeo to feature ACLs
Do we adapt to provide more transparency, or do we adapt the tool to provide greater security? Route around nature of Internet may make it difficult to
not be transparent
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“When it comes to podcasting, we are
all newbies”~Doug Kaye
Tools are making podcasting easier and easier
Podcasting can be done from and to everything from desktop computers to cell phones
The key to podcasting is RSS
Download verses streaming
Low bandwidth tolerant
Podcasts are XML files
Platform and device agnostic
Dependent on capabilities of receiving device
A non-proprietary solution
Extends reach of Internet
Files are local
Works with cell phones
The browser can be taken out of the equation
An entire course can be contained in an RSS 2.0 feed
See:
•Itconversations.com
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Speech to textvs.
Text to speech
Speech to text hard part, the holy grail!
Searchability
Access to hearing impaired
Shares this issue with all content that is speech based
Text to speech huge strength of Podcasting
Can be a channel to supply information to visually impaired
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Downsides of podcasting(and RSS)
Depends on a relatively pervasive connection to the Internet at some point Upside, can be via telco
By nature it is transparent
Major changes in faculty/student relationship Value of human interaction cannot be ignored
What about the student peer relationship?
Amazonization of education
May prove to be a barrier to faculty and/or students who are tech challenged
Lack of searchability
Potential for information overload
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The future of RSS 2.0 “xcasting”
Change of role of podcast journalist Free Agency or Aggregation Model?
Niche Programming (The Long Tail)
Tons of new tools!
Secure RSS of some kind ACL’s
Certificate based?
The feed could provide the initial handshake
Increase in types of content delivered this way Move beyond audio
The aggregator becomes the browser
As E-mail fails, increase in RSS as a trusted source communication channel
Education specific tools
Challenge to browser based solutions
Speech conversion More searchability
Better metadata
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Credits Special thanks to
Robert Scoble
The Gillmor brothers
Dan
Steve
Doug Kaye
Lenn Pryor
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Contact info and conversation
SJSU [email protected]
(408) 924-2374
General Skype/AIM: ssloansjca
Web: www.edupodder.comMain Geek Blog: sloantech.blogspot.com
(408) 605-0692
Conversation What do you think of podcasting?
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www.sjsu.edu/cats/2003/showcase/
