11

EDUCATION System in EDUCATION System in PakistanPakistan

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Constitution of Pakistan

Constitution of Pakistan

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 – Article 37-b

“The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary

education within minimum possible period”

Concurrent Legislative List:Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy,

centres of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education

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Millennium Development Goals(2001)

1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality

2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls’ full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality

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EDUCATION SCENARIO

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Sources: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006-07

67%

48%

67%

42%

22%

58%

28%

67%

58%

47%

42%

55%

Literacy Rates

Pakistan: 55%Male: 67%Female: 42%

“The ability of a person who can read a

newspaper and write a simple letter in any

language”

Literacy Definition(As in 1998

Census)

Literacy Definition(As in 1998

Census)

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Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public PrivatePre-primary 1,081 287 794

Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88

Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823

Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115

Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540

British System 281 11 270

NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823

Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857

Universities 116 59 57

Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831

Vocational 3,059 916 2,143

Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879

TOTAL 227,791 151,772(67%)

76,019(33%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP77

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type# of

Institutions

Urdu English Sindhi

Others

Total 227,791 148065(65%)

22779(10%)

34168(15%)

22779(10%)

Public 151,744 103,186

(68%)

3,035(2%)

33,384

(22%)

12,139(8%)

Private 76,047 43,347(57%)

21,293(28%)

1,521(2%)

9,886(13%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP88

No Boundary Wall

No DrinkingWater

No Electricity No Toilet No Building

53,481(33%)

46,766(29%)

81,633(50%) 9,776

(6%)

57,216(35%)

PAKISTANMissing Facilities

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

Total schools upto Middle level160,798

Total schools upto Middle level160,798

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EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OF GDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA

Country Percentage

Iran 4.7

India 3.8

Bangladesh 2.4

Maldives 7.5

Nepal 3.4

Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)2.44(07-08)

Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008

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Education PolicyEducation Policy

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Challenges Weakened Governance

Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships

Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary

schools Inconvenient school location

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Public/ Govt Schools

There is a huge difference amongst public schools in cities, small towns and villages

Some of the public schools in big cities are well resourced . At the same time in smaller towns and village areas some schools might not have basic facilities like desks, books, blackboards, electricity, doors, windows, toilets, drinking water, playgrounds, 60 per cent have no boundary walls and 16 percent are without a building.

Public/ Govt Schools

Some of the major problems public schools face include

limited financial resources poor quality of content and a greater

demand for education amongst parents of school-aged children.

overcrowded and/or underfunded. These issues have largely fuelled the

revival of private schools in Pakistan.

Private schools There is a huge variety of private schools in

Pakistan Not all private schools are elite, some cater for

middle class and some for the poorest of the population as well

Private schools have an advantage to add things to the curriculum ( things for students grooming that is not for assessment)

Even the best private/ public schools teach 80% theory and 20 %activity based learning

In most schools teaching is for assessments so how much the child has learned is not what is the main concern

Most schools promote rote learning

Most schools teach obsolete concepts and methods of teaching that are not effective. There are only a handful of schools private and public where students are given good education

Student to teacher ratio in average private schools 30:1, state schools 50:1

Students from PK studying abroad

Students from Pakistan studying abroad

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

According to UNESCO (2008)

Over that period there was a significant growth of two thirds from around 12,000 in 1999 to 21,000 in 2005.

These changes have been produced by a number of factors.

The domestic provision of places by Pakistani universities is well below the demand

There is also a shortage of applied master’s courses in the country.

An increasing proportion of the population is becoming more affluent, both within the country and among those living abroad, and they require access to overseas education for their children

There is pressure on students to obtain applied mater’s degree if they aim for employment in an increasingly competitive job market.(skill shortage summary here)

Some pictures

Campaign against use of plastic bags

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