1 CS 101 / 101-E Aaron Bloomfield Chapter 1: Hardware

1

CS 101 / 101-E

Aaron Bloomfield

Chapter 1: Hardware

2

What is a computer?

• Not a rhetorical question!• “A device that computes, especially a

programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information”– From American Heritage® Dictionary of the English

Language, 4th Edition

• By definition, a (properly functioning) computer will always produce the SAME output given the same input

3

The first computers

• Scales – computed relative weight of two items– Computed if the first item’s weight was less than,

equal to, or greater than the second item’s weight

• Abacus – performed mathematical computations– Primarily thought of as Chinese, but also Japanese,

Mayan, Russian, and Roman versions– Can do square roots and cube roots

4

Computer Size

ENIAC then…

ENIAC today…

5

Computer Organization

Input Devices

CentralProcessing Unit

Memory

Output Devices

6


• Computer advertisement specification– Intel® Pentium 4 Processor

at 3.06GHz with 512K cache– 512MB DDR SDRAM– 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive

(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time)– 17” LCD Monitor– 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4

MX Graphics Card®– 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive– 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive– 56K PCI Telephony Modem– Windows XP Home Edition®– 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card

7






3.06 billion operationsper second

8






512 million bytes ofmemory that can betransferred at double

the normal rate

A byte is 8 bits

A bit is a 0 or a 1

9






Stores 200 billionbytes of data. You want high RPM and

low seek time.0.009 seconds is

average

10






17” on the diagonal.Resolution up to1,280 by 1,024

pixels

11






Microprocessor fordisplaying images with

64 million bytes ofmemory. More memorysupports more colorsand higher resolution

12






Reads DVDs 16 timesfaster than a basic DVD

drive. Can hold up to8 billion bytes of data

13






Can read and writeCDs. Can hold 650

million bytes of dataReads at 48 timesfaster and writes

24 times faster thana basic drive

14


Can send or receiveup to 56 thousand

bits per second





15


Computer operatingsystem using a

graphical interface





16


Can send or receivedata at two rates –

10 or 100 million bytesper second





17

Home network

ISP

Router

LaptopComputer

Cable modem

Internet

18

Backbones

19

Network communication

• Communication protocol– Set of rules that govern how data is sent and received

• TCP/IP– Exchanging packets of information over the Internet

• FTP– Exchanging files between computes

• SMTP– Exchanging email over the Internet

• POP– Exchanging email between mail reader and the ISP

• HTTP– Exchanging files over the WWW

• SSL– How information is to be encrypted

20

First Programming Languages

• Ada Lovelace (1833)– Programmed of Babbage’s analytical engine

• ENIAC (1945)– Programmed by plugging wires

• Binary– 10010001010100101010101)

• Assembly

• FORTRAN (1954)

21

Java Lineage

• C (1972) by Dennis Ritchie

• C++ (1985) by Bjarne Stroustrup

• Java (1991) by James Gosling and others at Sun Microsystems

Documents

1 CS 101 / 101-E Aaron Bloomfield Chapter 1: Hardware