CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 1

Pennsylvania´s Land and First PeoplePreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The First PennsylvaniansVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Lesson 1 Core Land and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Map and Globe Skills Review Map Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Lesson 2 Core People Arrive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Lesson 3 Core Early Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter 1 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Colonial PeriodVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Lesson 1 Core Explorers and Early Settlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Lesson 2 Core William Penn’s Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Map and Globe Skills Use Latitude and Longitude . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Lesson 3 Core The Colony Grows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Lesson 4 Core Life in the New Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Chapter 2 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Unit 1 Review Connect to Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

A New Nation and StatePreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Creating a New NationVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Lesson 1 Core The French and Indian War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Lesson 2 Core Declaring Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Lesson 3 Core The Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Lesson 4 Core A New Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Graph and Chart Skills Make a Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 3 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Growth and ExpansionVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Lesson 1 Core Keystone State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Reading and Thinking Skill Distinguishing Fact from Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Lesson 2 Core Transportation and Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Lesson 3 Core Industry Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Chapter 4 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Unit 2 Review Connect to Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6

Growth and ChangePreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

The Civil WarVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Lesson 1 Core Divided States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Citizenship Skill Understand Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Lesson 2 Core Civil War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Study Skill Identify Primary and Secondary Sources . . . . . . . . . . 104

Lesson 3 Core The War and Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Chapter 5 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Into the 20th CenturyVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Lesson 1 Core Manufacturing and Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Lesson 2 Core Making Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Lesson 3 Core Immigration and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Citizenship Skill Make a Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Lesson 4 Core Changing Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Reading and Thinking Skill Identify Cause and Effect . . . . . . 134

Chapter 6 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Unit 3 Review Connect to Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 8

Pennsylvania TodayPreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Government in PennsylvaniaVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Lesson 1 Core United States Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Lesson 2 Core State Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Citizenship Skill Resolve Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Lesson 3 Core Rights and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Chapter 7 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

People and the EconomyVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Lesson 1 Core People of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Graph and Chart Skill Read a Circle Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Lesson 2 Core Working in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Lesson 3 Core Connections to the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Chapter 8 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Unit 4 Review Connect to Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

CHAPTER 9

The EastPreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Exploring the EastVocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Lesson 1 Core Land and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Lesson 2 Core Resources and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Study Skills Use Reference Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Lesson 3 Core The Mid-Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Chapter 9 Review and Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Unit 5 Review Connect to Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

ReferencesCitizenship Handbook

Pledge of Allegiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R2

Character Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R4

Pennsylvania Governors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R6

Pennsylvania Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R8

Pennsylvania Databank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R10

Biographical Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . R16

ResourcesGeographical Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R20

Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R22

Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R31

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R37

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R43

Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R51

LEGEND

State capital

City

River

Highest Point

State border

N

S

ENENW

SESWW

5025

5025

0mi

0km

Lake Erie

Sus

queh

anna

River

Delaware

River

Ohi

oR

ive

r

Allegheny

Riv

er

Mo

nong

ahel

aR

iver

NJ

MD

WV

OH

NY

DE

Philadelphia

Harrisburg

Allentown

Williamsport

Lancaster

Reading

Bethlehem

Erie

Pittsburgh

Scranton

Mount Davis

The State of Pennsylvania

Skill Lessons Take a step-by-step approach to learning and practicing key social studies skills.

Review Map Skills 8

Use Latitude and Longitude 30

Skill Practice: Map Skill5, 129

Skill Practice: Reading Maps49, 57, 80, 163, 169

Make a Timeline 66

Read a Circle Graph 166

Skill Practice: Reading Charts146, 148, 149, 189, 198

Identify Primary and Secondary Sources 104

Use Reference Materials 194

Skill Practice: Reading Visuals192

Understand Point of View 98Apply Critical Thinking

Make a Decision 126

Resolve Conflicts 152

Skill Practice: Make a Decision170

Cause and Effect10, 26, 48, 72, 114, 122, 172

Compare and Contrast14, 60, 82, 100, 148, 196

Sequence56, 128

Problem and Solution78, 144

Main Idea and Details4, 22, 25, 36, 94, 118, 184

Draw Conclusions162

Predict Outcomes32, 52, 106

Categorize168

Classify154, 188

Distinguish Fact from Opinion 76

Identify Cause and Effect 134Apply Critical Thinking