1

DIGITALLIBRARIESCOLLECTIONSusieSeefeltLesieutre8December2013ScholasticPaperbackBookCovers:1966-1971

1CollectionDescriptionThedigitalcollection,“ScholasticPaperbackBookCovers:1966-1971”comprisesaportionof10paperbacktitlespublishedbyScholasticBookServicesduringafiveyearperiodinthelate1960sandtheearly1970s.Foreachbook,boththefrontandbackcovershavebeenscannedaswellasthetitlepage,creatingacompoundobjectforeachtitleinCONTENTdm.ThesetitlesrepresentmyreadingtasteswhenIwasanelementaryschoolstudent:mysteries,storiesaboutwitches,andsomeofmyfavoritecharactersofall—PippiLongstocking,HomerPrice,andtheMoffats.Ihaveseveralreasonsforwantingtodigitizethesetitles.First,thereisundoubtedlyasentimentalreasonforselectingthesebookstoworkwith:Ihavefondmemoriesoforderingthesebooksthroughmyteachersinschoolandreceivingthebooksinschoolthedaytheyarrived.Itwasalwayssuchatreattohandlethenewbookstheteacherplacedonmydesk;theywerelikeapresent,eventhoughIhadselectedeachoneseveralweeksbefore,andIlovedthesmellofthepaperandinkandanticipatedeachread.ButIcanidentifyotherreasonsforselectingtheseandgivingthemadigitalspace.Inmanycases,Scholasticbooksfromthistimeperiodareconsidered“vintage”andareonlyavailableoneBayorabebooks.com;additionallysomeareavailableonAmazon.comviausedbooksellers—inotherwords,theyarehardtofindandthusdifficulttostudy.Becauseofthis,Ihaveidentifiedseveralreasonswhydigitalsurrogatesofthesebookswouldprovidevalue.First,manycurrentdigitizationprojectsfocusonhistoricalmaterialsfromearlierinthe20thcenturyandbefore;thereisverylittleattentionbeingpaidtomaterialsofanykindfromthelate1960sandtheearly1970s.Yetprintitemsfromthistimeperiodareagingaswell,especiallytheacidic,brittlepaper,andareinneedofpreservation.Preservingtheseinadigitalformatisavalidreasonfordigitization.Second,printculturehistoriansstudyingthistimeperiodwouldwelcomeacollectionsuchasthis.Althoughthesebookswerecheaplyproduced,Scholasticpaperbacksweresomeofthefirstaffordablebooksthatwereintendedforayoungaudience;theyreachedmillionsofchildrenaroundthecountry.PaperbackswerefirstintroducedintheUnitedStatesin1938,aninitiativethatlateremergedasthepublisherPocketBooks.WhenPocketBooksstartedtocollaboratewithScholasticMagazinein1945,paperbackbooksfinallyhadalargedistribution

2

toschoolchildren.1TheemergenceofamasschildaudienceforpaperbacksisanimportantbenchmarkinthehistoryofthepaperbackintheUnitedStates.Additionally,eachofthesetitleswaspublishedinarrangementwithalargertradepublisher.Thesepublishingcompanieshavemostlydisappeared,boughtoutbybiggerventures.Thepublisherslistedontheversoofeachtitlepageofferaglimpsebacktoatimewhentherewerenumerous,successfulpublishinghousesaroundthecountry.Thispublishinghistorywouldalsointeresthistoriansofprintculture.Additionally,printculturehistoriansmaywishtotrackthevariousprintingsofaparticulartitletodetermineitspopularity.Thesemultipleprintingdatesindicatethehighdemandforthetitles,avaliddimensionofprintculturehistory.Fourth,insomecasesolder,wellknownstoriesbynotableauthorsthathadbeenpublishedyearsearlier,foundanewgenerationofreadersinScholastic’snewlyprintededitions.Children’sliteraturescholarswillbenefitaswellfromhavingthesebooksavailableonline,andprinthistorianscantracknewreadershipforoldfavorites.Finally,manyofthesebookshadillustratorswhowerequitewellknownatthetimefortheirworkwithchildren’sbooks.ItispossiblethatsomeonestudyingtheartofbookandbookcoverillustrationwouldbeinterestedinresearchingtheworktheseartistsdidforScholasticBookServices.Myselectioncriteriareflectthesevariouspurposesforcreatingthisdigitalcollection.IstartedbypickingoutmyfavoritesthatIhaveheldonto(alongwithseveraltitlespurchasedatabebooks.com,publishedduringthesametimeframe,whichcoveredthesamesortsofsubjectsofbooksIalreadyowned).Ialsochosebookswithrichcoverillustrationsandtitlesbywellknownchildren’sauthors,suchasEleanorEstes,AstridLindgren,RobertMcCloskey,andfamousauthorsofanearliercentury,MaryMapesDodgeandAugustaHuiellSeaman.ThesebooksweremostlycopyrightedbyScholastic;somewerecopyrightedbytheauthor,andsometimesthereisaseparatecopyrightfortheillustrator,atthetimeofthebook’spublicationbyScholastic.SomebooksdisplayboththeoriginalauthorcopyrightdateandtheScholasticcopyrightdate(versotitlepage).SomecopyrightsareownedbyTAB,Scholastic’sTeenAgeBookclubthatwasstartedinthelate1940s.2

1Ley,T.(1988).Paperbackbooksfortheteenagereader:Celebratethepaperback!at50,education’svaluedpartner.TheEnglishJournal77(7),87-90.2Ibid.

3

2MetadataConsiderations:Definitions,Schemes,ElementsandProperties,Records,DataEntryThiscollectionhasbeenuploadedtoandisavailableandsearchableonCONTENTdm.Definitions.Thefollowingtermsareusedinthispaper(especiallywhencoveringmetadata):• Work:theintellectualoutputoftheauthor,regardlessoftheforminwhichitisrealized.• Resource:aparticularScholasticbookfromwhichitemshavebeenscannedforthe

collection.• Item:theparticularphysicalportionsoftheResourcethathavebeenscannedforinclusion

inthedigitalcollection(e.g.frontcover,backcover,andtitlepage).• DigitalObject:thedigitalrepresentationorsurrogateofanItemasaresultofthescanning,

whichiswhattheuserwillaccessinordertolearnaboutthephysicalitem.• Resource-levelrecord:therecordonCONTENTdmthatdescribesaResource(on

CONTENTdmthisdisplaysas“ObjectDescription”).• Item-levelrecord:therecordonCONTENTdmthatdescribesanItem(onCONTENTdmthis

displaysas“Description”).• FrontCover:referstothefrontcoverofaResource.• BackCover:referstothebackcoverofaResource.• TitlePage:referstothetitlepageofaResource.Schemes.Thefollowingschemesareusedwiththemetadatainthisproject:• LCNameAuthorityFiles• LCSHandTGMI• DCMITypeVocabulary• InternetMediaTypes[MIME]• W3CDTFdateandtimeencodingscheme• avocabularywascreatedinCONTENTdmfortheLanguageelementElementsandProperties.Metadataelementschosensupportthefunctionsdiscussedabove:discoverabilityofandaccesstoinformationthatwouldinterestprintculturehistoriansandscholarsstudyingtheintellectualcontentofthesetextsandtheirillustrationsandtheplacetheyholdinpublishinghistory.Mostoftheelementsareintendedtocaptureinformationaboutthephysicalbooksandthepartsofthebooksthatarebeingdigitized;onlyacoupleoftheelementsrefertothedigitizationitself(DigitizationDateandFormatDigitalMedium).Subjectheadingshavebeenappliedtodescribeboththeintellectualcontentofeachtext(LCSH)andofeachimage(TGMI).BackCovershavebothtextandimages,andsomeoftheTitlePageshaveasmallillustrationaccompanyingthetext.Thesefeaturesareallhandledinthemetadata.

4

Thetablebelowshowstheelementsthathavebeenselectedtocreatedescriptiverecordsforthephysicalitemsandtheirscannedimages.TheseweremostlyderivedfromDublinCoreandhaveallbeenmappedtoDCelementsforeasyreference.IncludedhereisinformationonwhetheranelementisRequired,Repeatable,Searchable,andwhichSchemeneedstobefollowed.MetadataElement

DCElement

Required Repeatable Searchable ControlledVocabularyorEncodingScheme

TitleMain Title Yes—allrecords

No Yes No

TitleAlternative

Title Yes—onResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable

Yes Yes No

Author Creator Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

Yes Yes LCNAF

IllustratorText

Contributor Yes—onallResource-levelrecords,andItem-levelrecords(TitlePageonly)whenapplicable

Yes Yes LCNAF

IllustratorCover

Contributor Yes—onallResource-levelrecordsandItem-levelrecords(FrontCoverandBackCoveronly)

Yes Yes LCNAF

Translator Contributor Yes—onallResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable

Yes Yes LCNAF

PublicationPlace

Publisher Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

No No No

Copyright Date Yes—onall No Yes W3CDTF

5

Date Resource-levelrecords

PrintingDate

Date Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

No Yes W3CDTF

Description Description Yes—allrecords

No Yes No

SubjectResource

Subject Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

Yes Yes LCSH

SubjectImage

Subject Yes—onallItem-levelrecordswithanimage

Yes Yes TGMI

Language Language Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

No Yes VocabularycreatedinCONTENTdm

Type Type Yes—allrecords

Yes No DCMIVocabulary

FormatPhysicalExtent

Format Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

Yes No No

IdentifierLocal

Identifier Yes—allrecords

No Yes No

IdentifierScholastic

Identifier Yes—onallResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable

No Yes No

DigitizationDate

Date Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

No No W3CDTF

FormatDigitalMedium

Format Yesallrecords No No IMT[MIME]

Submitter Contributor Yes—onallResource-levelrecords

No No No

6

Records.Forthepurposesofthisproject,theunitofcatalogingisanentirebook,withdescriptionalsoprovidedfortheindividualitemsbeingdigitized(frontandbackcoversandtitlepages).Sorecordswillbedevelopedforeach—theunitofcataloging,frontcover,backcover,andtitlepage.• Thefirst,largerrecordwillprovidebibliographicanddescriptivemetadataonthelarger

“unitofcataloging”—inthiscase,thelargerbook—theResource(fromwhichthecoversandtitlepagesaredrawn).

• AsecondrecordwillprovidedescriptivemetadataontheFrontCoverofthelargerResource.

• AthirdrecordwillprovidedescriptivemetadataontheBackCoverofthelargerResource.• AfourthrecordwillprovidedescriptivemetadataontheTitlePageofthelargerResource.DataEntry:transcribingdatafortherecords.Pleasefollowtheseguidelineswhentranscribingdata:• Consistency:Consistentlyapplyrulesforeachelementandcheckfortyposandincorrect

punctuationandspacing.• Punctuation:WhileRDAwillnotbestrictlyadheredto,someofitsprincipleswillbe

followed,suchasspellingwordsout:sodonotuseabbreviationsorshortenedformsofwords.Forexample,inAACR2,thenumberofpagesinabookusedtobeindicatedwith“p.”Intheserecordsthatwillbespelledoutto“pages.”(Therearesomeexceptionstothisrule,suchas“cm.”fortheheightoftheResourceincentimeters.)

• Capitalization:Capitalizethefirstwordinthetitle(includinginitialarticles),aswellasallcontentwords(nounsandsubjectterms)andpropernouns(namesofpeople,places,andcorporations/organizations).

3MetadataGuidelinesInthissectionIhavepresentedguidelinesontheusageofeachelementIhaveselectedtoincludeinthemetadataforthisproject.ForeachelementIincludeadefinition,thesourceofinformation,anycontrolledvocabulariesorencodingschemesrecommendedorrequired,assistancewithtranscribingwhereapplicable,examplesfromthecollection,andfurtherinformationonwhichelementsarerequired(andforwhichrecords),repeatable,and/orsearchable.BecausemyDigitalObjectsarecompoundobjects,IhaveusuallyhadtomakeadistinctionbetweenResource-levelrecordsandItem-levelrecords,asthereareelementsrequiredinsomeandnotothers.

7

TitleMainDefinition:ThemaintitleoftheworkbywhichtheResourceisknown.Thismaybethetitletheauthorgavetothework,oritmaybeatranslatedtitle(wheretheoriginaltitleisnotgivenintheResource).SourceofInformation:TakethetitlefromthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Example(s): TitleMain: TheRiddleoftheLonelyHouse• REQUIREDonALLrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

TitleAlternativeDefinition:AnalternateorprevioustitlefortheResource.SourceofInformation:TakethealternatetitlefromthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Example(s): TitleMain: TheRiddleoftheLonelyHouseTitleAlternative: TheStrangePettingillPuzzle• REQUIREDonResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

AuthorDefinition:Theperson(s)chieflyresponsibleforcreatingtheintellectualcontentoftheResource.

8

SourceofInformation:Taketheauthor’snamefromthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:Followbestpracticesbyselectingtheauthorizedversionoftheauthor’snameasitappearsintheLCNameAuthorityFile:http://authorities.loc.gov/.Transcribe:IfanameisnotfoundintheLCNameAuthorityFile,orifanamecannotbedeterminedfromalistofsimilarnamesintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamefromthetitlepagebyplacingthelastnamefirst,comma,thenthefirstname,comma,thenthemiddleinitial(ifthereisamiddlename),period,followingcapitalizationguidelinesdescribedabove.Ifthenameisacompoundname(theauthorizednameformanyfemaleauthorswhohavemarriednameswillincludetheirprevioussurnameaswell)anddoesnotappearintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamewiththesecondlastnamefirst,comma,thentheauthor’sfirstnameandthefirstofthetwolastnames.Example(s): Nameandbirth/deathdatesfoundinLCauthorityfile: McCloskey,Robert,1914-2003CompoundnamefoundinLCauthorityfile: Carlson,NatalieSavageNamecannotbedeterminedfromLCauthorityfile: Beck,Charles• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

TranslatorDefinition:Theperson(s)responsiblefortranslatingtheoriginallanguageoftheWorkintothelanguageusedintheResource.SourceofInformation:TakethenameofthetranslatorfromthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:Followbestpracticesbyselectingtheauthorizedversionofthetranslator’snameasitappearsintheLCNameAuthorityFile:http://authorities.loc.gov/.Transcribe:IfanameisnotfoundintheLCNameAuthorityFile,orifanamecannotbedeterminedfromalistofsimilarnamesintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamefromthetitlepagebyplacingthelastnamefirst,comma,thenthefirstname,comma,thenthemiddleinitial(ifthereisamiddlename),period,followingcapitalizationguidelinesdescribedabove.

9

Ifthenameisacompoundname(theauthorizednameformanyfemaleauthorswhohavemarriednameswillincludetheirprevioussurnameaswell)anddoesnotappearintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamewiththesecondlastnamefirst,comma,thentheauthor’sfirstnameandthefirstofthetwolastnames.Example(s):Bothmer,Gerry• REQUIREDonResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

IllustratorTextDefinition:Theperson(s)responsibleforcreatingtheillustrationsincludedinthetextoftheResource,includingthesmallillustrationssometimesincludedontheTitlePageoftheResource.SourceofInformation:TakethenameoftheillustratorofthetextfromthetitlepageoftheResource;thiswilloftenbedesignatedwiththewording“Illustratedby.”(Watchfordifferentlanguagetoindicateadifferentrole,suchas“CoverDesignby,”whichwillbehandledin“IllustratorCover”below.)Scheme:Followbestpracticesbyselectingtheauthorizedversionoftheillustrator’snameasitappearsintheLCNameAuthorityFile:http://authorities.loc.gov/.Transcribe:IfanameisnotfoundintheLCNameAuthorityFile,orifanamecannotbedeterminedfromalistofsimilarnamesintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamefromthetitlepagebyplacingthelastnamefirst,comma,thenthefirstname,comma,thenthemiddleinitial,period(ifthereisamiddlename),followingcapitalizationguidelinesdescribedabove.Ifthenameisacompoundname(theauthorizednameformanyfemaleauthorswhohavemarriednameswillincludetheirprevioussurnameaswell)anddoesnotappearintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamewiththesecondlastnamefirst,comma,thentheauthor’sfirstnameandthefirstofthetwolastnames.Example(s):

10

Woodbury,MabelJones• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• REQUIREDonallTitlePagerecordswhenapplicable.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

IllustratorCoverDefinition:Theperson(s)responsibleforcreatingthefrontandbackcoverillustrations;thisisoftentheperson(s)whoillustratedthetext.Sometimes,however,anadditionalartistislistedonthetitlepageoftheResourcewhoissolelyresponsibleforaResource’sfrontorbackcoverdesignorillustration:watchfordifferentlanguagetoindicatedifferentattribution,suchas“Coverdesignby”or“Coverby.”[Note:SomeoftheseResourceshaveadifferentillustratorforthefrontandbackcover.Inallcases,theillustratorofthetextisalsotheillustratoroftheBackCover.]SourceofInformation:TakethenameofthisartistconnectedtotheillustrationonafrontorbackcoverfromthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:Followbestpracticesbyselectingtheauthorizedversionofthecontributor’snameasitappearsintheLCNameAuthorityFile:http://authorities.loc.gov/.Transcribe:IfanameisnotfoundintheLCNameAuthorityFile,orifanamecannotbedeterminedfromalistofsimilarnamesintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamefromthetitlepagebyplacingthelastnamefirst,comma,thenthefirstname,comma,thenthemiddleinitial,period(ifthereisamiddlename),followingcapitalizationguidelinesdescribedabove.Ifthenameisacompoundname(theauthorizednameformanyfemaleauthorswhohavemarriednameswillincludetheirprevioussurnameaswell)anddoesnotappearintheLCNameAuthorityFile,transcribethenamewiththesecondlastnamefirst,comma,thentheauthor’sfirstnameandthefirstofthetwolastnames.Separatemultipleentrieswith“;”.Example(s):InPippiintheSouthSeasas“CoverDesignby”: Schart,TrinaInRunawayAliceasCoverby”: Withers,George

11

• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• REQUIREDonallFrontCoverandBackCoverItem-levelrecords.• IncludeonTitlePageItem-levelrecordswhenanillustrationispresent.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

PublicationPlaceDefinition:ThegeographiclocationatwhichtheResourcewasphysicallyproduced.SourceofInformation:TakethisinformationfromthetitlepageoftheResource.Ifmorethanonelocationislisted,selectthefirstlocationnoted.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Transcribe:Includethecity,thenacomma,andthenthecapped,two-letterabbreviationofthestate.[NOTE:Withtheinitial10compoundobjectsinthecollection,allResourcesindicatepublicationinNewYork,NY.Therefore,thisitemwillbemarkedasNOTSEARCHABLEfornow.Shouldsubsequentadditionstothiscollectionhavedifferentpublicationplaces,thisrequirementcanbechanged.]Example(s):NewYork,NY• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

CopyrightDateDefinition:ThemostrecentyearlistedintheResourceinwhicheithertheauthororScholasticBookServicescopyrightedtheWork.Sourceofinformation:TakethemostrecentcopyrightyearfromtheversoofthetitlepageoftheResource.(Ifthereareseparatecopyrightsforauthorandillustrator,andnoneforScholastic,takethemostrecentcopyrightdatefortheauthor.)Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbyapplyingtheW3C-DTFstandard(ISO8601):YYYY-MM-DD

12

http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetimeExample(s):1967• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

PrintingDateDefinition:Theyearandmonththatcorrespondtotheprintingnumber.SourceofInformation:TaketheprintingdatefromtheversoofthetitlepageoftheResource.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbyapplyingtheW3C-DTFstandard(ISO8601):YYYY-MM-DDhttp://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetimeExample(s):1971-09• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

DescriptionDefinition:AfreetextdescriptionoftheResourceorItem.IncludehereotherinformationabouttheResourceorItemthatisnotcoveredinotherelements(butmayrepeatillustratorinformation).Notepastpracticeforwhatkindsofinformationtoinclude.SourceofInformation:AdditionalinformationabouttheResourceorItemsuchasthiscanbetakenfromanywhereintheResource.ThiswillvarydependingonwhethertheResource,frontcover,backcover,ortitlepageisbeingdescribed.

13

Scheme:Noschemerequired.Transcribe:Spelloutallwords.Usecardinalnumbersforpagenumbers.Example(s):Resource-level: Illustrated,paperbackedition;91pages.• REQUIREDonALLrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

SubjectResourceDefinition:Themaintopic(s)oftheintellectualcontentoftheResource.SourceofInformation:SomefamiliaritywiththeResource’smainthemesandtopicsisnecessary,whichcanbegainedbyreadingtheblurbonthebackcoverandpagingbrieflythroughthetext.Inaddition,sinceallofthesebookshavebeencatalogedpreviously,recommendedbestpracticeistorefertoOCLC’sWorldCatforsubjectheadsprovidedthere.Thesesubjectheadsmust,however,allbecheckedagainstcurrentsubjectheadsinLCSH(seebelow),asheadingssometimeschange.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbysearchingLCSHforthemostappropriatesubjectheads.Choose3-5subjectheadstodescribetheintellectualcontentoftheResource.http://classificationweb.net/Menu/[Note:CONTENTdmdoesnotcurrentlysupportLCSH;thereforeLCSHmustbeaccessedexternally.]Transcribe:Separatemultiplesubjectentrieswith“;”.Example(s):Children’sstories;Detectiveandmysterystories;Hauntedhouses• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

14

SubjectImageDefinition:Themaintopicsdepictedinanimage.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbysearchingforthemostappropriatesubjectheadsusingtheThesaurusofGraphicalMaterials(TGMI).Choose1-3subjectheadsforthemaintopicsdepictedintheillustration/image;besuretocapturesubjectsactuallypicturedintheimage.http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/Transcribe:Separatemultipleentrieswith“;”.Examples:Girls;Palms;Beaches• DonotincludeonResource-levelrecords.• REQUIREDonallItem-levelrecordswithanimage.• REPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

LanguageDefinition:TheprimarylanguageinwhichtheResourceiswritten.Scheme:CONTENTdmdoesn’tsupportanystandardencodingschemes,soyoucancreateyourownguidelineswithintheplatformorhandlethisexternally.RecommendedbestpracticeistospelloutthenameofthelanguagewhenusingCONTENTdm.(Ifusinganencodingschemeexternally,suchasISO-639-3,selectthecodethatmatchesthelanguagebeingused:http://www-01.sil.org/ISO639-3/codes.asp.Note,however,thatthecodewilldisplay,notthefullnameofthelanguage.)Example(s):English• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

15

TypeDefinition:ThenatureorgenreoftheintellectualcontentoftheResourceortheItem,suchastextorimage.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbyselectingthetermthatbestdescribesthetypeofmattertheResourceorItemcomprises.ChoosefromtheoptionslistedontheDCMITypeVocabularylist:http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/Transcribe:Separatemultipleentrieswith“;”.Example(s):TextImageText;Image• REQUIREDonALLrecords.• REPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

FormatPhysicalExtentDefinition:ThephysicalextentoftheResource,suchastheheightoftheResourceand/orthenumberofpages.SourceofInformation:FortheheightoftheResource,measurethelengthofthespineincentimeters.Forthenumberofpages,notethepaginationintheResource.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Transcribe:WhenrecordingtheheightoftheResource,rounduptothenearestfullcentimeter,andusetheabbreviation“cm.”afterthecardinalnumber.Whenrecordingthenumberofpages,recordthecardinalnumberandspellout“pages.”Separatemultipleentrieswith“;”.Example(s):ForheightofResource: 21cm.Fornumberofpages: 96pagesForheightandnumberofpages: 21cm.;96pages

16

• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• REPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

IdentifierLocalDefinition:ThelocallygeneratedidentifierfortheResourceortheItem.Thisidentificationnumberservesasanunambiguous,uniquereferencetotheResourceortheItem,withinthiscollection.Scheme:Locallyderivedscheme.CombinethreelettersofthetitleoftheResourcewiththenextnumberinthefilesequence;theItem-levelidentifierswillalsoincludealetterandthenthe“.jpg”designator.Example(s):ForTheFamilyUndertheBridge:Resource-levelidentifier: FML_001Frontcover,Item-levelidentifier: FML_001a.jpgBackcover,Item-levelidentifier: FML_001b.jpgTitlepage,Item-levelidentifier: FML_001c.jpg• REQUIREDonALLrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

IdentifierScholasticDefinition:Ashort,alpha-numericcodegeneratedbyScholastic;moststartwith“TW”or“TX.”[Note:Sometitlesmaynotcarryacode.]SourceofInformation:TaketheidentifierasitappearsfromtheFrontCoveroftheResource.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Example(s):TW1362

17

• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecordswhenapplicable.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• SEARCHABLE

DigitizationDateDefinition:ThedateonwhichthedifferentItemsoftheResourcewerescannedandsavedasJPEGs.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbyapplyingtheW3C-DTFstandard(ISO8601):YYYY-MM-DDhttp://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetimeExample(s):2013-11-16• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• DonotincludeonItem-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

FormatDigitalMediumDefinition:ThedigitalmediumormanifestationoftheResourceandItems.Scheme:FollowbestpracticesbyselectingthecorrespondingmediatypefromtheMIMEMediaTypeslistontheInternetAssignedNumberAuthority(IANA)site.http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-typesExample(s):image/jpeg• REQUIREDonALLrecords• NOTREPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

18

SubmitterDefinition:ThenameofthepersonwhoselectedtheResourcesandItems,scannedthematerials,and/orcreatedthemetadataandrecordsforthecollectionontheCONTENTdmsite.Scheme:Noschemerequired.Transcribe:Followbestpracticesbyapplyingthenameauthorityschemediscussedabove.Example:SeefeltLesieutre,SusanA.• REQUIREDonallResource-levelrecords.• NOTREPEATABLE• NOTSEARCHABLE

4FileNamingConventionandListBecauseIamcreatingacompoundobjectoutofeachfrontandbackcoverandtitlepage,Ihavedevisedafilenamingconventionthatallowsmetokeeptrackofanythreeimagesforonetitle,aswellasawaytokeeptrackofallfrontcovers,allbackcovers,andalltitlepages,shouldsomeonesearchingthiscollectionwanttoaccessthebooksinthatway.Eachfilenamestartswithashort,three-lettercodetakenfromthetitlefollowedbyanumberandaletter.Forclarity,Ihaveinsertedanunderscorebetweentheletterandnumbercodes.Seethetablebelowformycompletelistoffilenames.ResourceTitle FileName

ResourceFileNameFrontCover

FileNameBackCover

FileNameTitlePage

TheFamilyUndertheBridge

FML_001

FML_001a.jpg

FML_001b.jpg

FML_001c.jpg

HansBrinkerortheSilverSkates

HNS_002

HNS_002a.jpg

HNS_002b.jpg

HNS_002c.jpg

LittleWitch WCH_003 WCH_003a.jpg WCH_003b.jpg WCH_003c.jpgTheMoffats MFT_004 MFT_004a.jpg MFT_004b.jpg MFT_004c.jpgMoreHomerPrice

HMR_005

HMR_005a.jpg

HMR_005b.jpg

HMR_005c.jpg

MysteryoftheEmptyHouse

EMT_006

EMT_006a.jpg

EMT_006b.jpg

EMT_006c.jpg

PippiintheSouthSeas

PPI_007

PPI_007a.jpg

PPI_007b.jpg

PPI_007c.jpg

TheRiddleoftheLonelyHouse

RDL_008

RDL_008a.jpg

RDL_008b.jpg

RDL_008c.jpg

19

RunawayAlice RWY_009 RWY_009a.jpg RWY_009b.jpg RWY_009c.jpgSkeletonCave SKL_010 SKL_010a.jpg SKL_010b.jpg SKL_010c.jpg

5DigitalImagingMasterFiles.Forscanningthecoversandtitlepages,IfollowedtheprocedureswelearnedinclasssothatIcouldgetasauthenticanexperienceaspossibleinscanningtheseitems.IntheEpsondialogbox,Iselected“ProfessionalMode,”andAutoExposureType“Photo”forthefrontandbackcovers;Iinitiallytried“Document”forthetitlepagesbutthendecidedon“Photo”becauseIlikedthewaythissettingcapturedtheoriginalcolorandtextureofthepages.FirstIscannedimagesinTIFFformatselectingthesettingslistedbelow.Icreatedaborderaroundeach,andsavedthesefileswithoutmakinganyenhancements.TheseweremyMasterfiles:• 600dpi• color• 24bits• TIFFMaster_aFiles.Next,IusedSAVEAStocreateanintermediatescanfromeachTIFFfilethatIcouldworkwithandadjustasneeded(selectingthe“EmbedICCProfile”option).TheseweremyMaster_afiles.InPhotoshop,ImadeseveralchangestoeachMaster_afile:• Rotation• Straightening(Iusedthegrid,ruler,andguidesfeatures);theedgesofthesebooksare

quiteworn,andsoIhadtoplayaroundwithtryingtoaligntext,images,andedges;thefinalcroppingthatIdidresolvedsomeoftheseissues.

• Cropping(Iusedthecroptool)tocapturejusttheitemsandtheirnaturalbordersOverall,itwasimportanttometocapturethewearandtearofthesebooksduetothemhavingbeenporedoverandbelovedwhenIwasyounger.SoIaimedtopreservetheimperfectionsofbentcovers,fadedareas,andothersuchcharacteristicsofthefrontandbackcoversandtitlepagespresenttoday.Onthetitlepages,Ichosenottocapturetheactualgutter;Idon’tknowifthisiscommonpracticeornot.Oneofthebooks,ThefamilyUndertheBridge,actuallydisplaysstaplesonthetitlepage,nearthegutter,andImadesuretocapturethisintheimagescan.Derivatives.FromtheMaster_aFilesIusedSAVEAStocreateJPEGs,selecting“8”fortheimagequalityoption.Theseareeach300dpi.AftercreatingtheJPEGs,Irenamedeachapplyingmyfile-namingschemedescribedabove.

20

6ReflectionDigitizingevenasmallnumberofitems,likethe10objectsI’mdoingformyfinalproject,isactuallyahugeundertaking,especiallysinceI’mnewatthisandmyobjectsareallcompoundobjects.Tomakesenseoftheprojectandtoavoidpanic,Idividedtheworkupintomanageablechunks,justlikewedidinclass.Ibeganbyscanningmybookcoversandtitlepages,nextIdevelopedthemetadata,andthenIuploadeditallintoCONTENTdmandstartedworkingonthefinerdetailsandfamiliarizingmyselfwiththecontentmanagementplatform.AsIworkedoneachofthesethreemajorphasesIalsowroteeachcorrespondingportionofthepapersothatIwouldhaveadraftversionthatIcouldcompleteandpolishtheweekendbeforetheprojectwasdue.Iencounteredahostofquestionsandissuesalongtheway;IwilldiscussthemajorissuesIcameacrossandhowIresolvedthem.AtonepointinthesemesterIapproachedSunnywithmanyofmyquestions,andshewasverypromptandhelpfulinofferinganswersandpossiblesolutionstoproblems.Selectingitemsforproject.Ittookmequiteawhiletodecidewhattoscan.IporedoverallkindsofpostcardsandphotosthatIhave,andallkindsofotherthingsthatIthoughtwouldbeinteresting,lookingforacommonthemeandenoughitemstomakeacollection.WhenIfinallylandedontheScholasticbookcovers,IknewIhadafoundaprojectIcouldworkwiththewholesemester!Scanning.IttookmeawhiletofeelcomfortablewiththeEpsonsoftware(itkeptpre-selectingadjustmentsthatIdidn’twant,soIreallyhadtopayattentiontothis)andthisversionofPhotoshop.WhenitcametimetosaveandbackupmylargeTIFFfiles,Ihadtobuyan8GBflashdrivefromthevendingmachineinCollege;Ihadexhaustedallotherplacestostorethem.Records.AfterstrugglingwithhowtocapturedataonthephysicalbooksthemselvesandthentheportionsthatIwasdigitizing,IdecidedonaResource-levelrecord(asaunit-of-cataloging)andthensmallerItem-levelrecords(frontandbackcoversandtitlepages).Metadata.Selectingmetadataelementswasbothdauntingandfun.BecauseIhadsomeveryspecificreasonsforwantingtoscantheseitems—toaiddiscoveryforprintculturehistoriansandthosestudyingpaperbackbookcoverart,especiallythatofpaperbacksintendedforayoungaudience—IneededtomakesurethatmymetadataservedthefunctionsIenvisioned.Probablymybiggestissueherewashowtorequireelementsonsomerecordsandnotothers.AftertalkingwithSunnyaboutthis,IdecidedIhadtobespecificinmyguidelinesaboutthis.Thereweresomeissueswithillustratorsandillustrations:someillustratorsdidtheimagesfortheentirebookincludingcovers;somewerelistedseparatelyasjustcoverdesigners.SoIfinallycameupwithIllustratorText(forthosewhodidillustrationsinthetext)andIllustratorCover(forthosewhodidjustthecover).Ifanillustratordidboththetextandthecover,thenIlisted

21

theirnamesinbothelements.Decidingonmetadataforthefrontandbackcoversoverallwaschallenging;Ididn’twanttheserecordstoreplicatetoomuchoftheResource-levelrecords.Ihadatfirstthoughtthatdifferentprintingsmeantdifferentcoverimages,butthenIrealizedthatthiswasnotthecase.Still,Iwantedtocapturetheprintinghistory,soImadePrintingDateanelementandincludedotherinformationabouttheprintingintheDescription.SubjectheadswereanissueatfirstformySubjectResourceelement;IfinallydecidedtolookthesebooksupinWorldCatandcheckthoseheadingsagainstcurrentLCSH.UnfortunatelyCONTENTdmdoesn’tsupportLCSHasacontrolledvocabulary,soinmyguidelinesIdirectthesubmittertofollowLCSHexternally(IstartedtoaddsubjectheadsinCONTENTdmtobuildmyowncontrolledvocabularyforSubjectResource,thenrealizedthatthiswouldbetoosmallapooltopullsubjectheadsfromifthiscollectionexpanded,soIstoppedaddingsubjectheadsatthatpoint).IwrestledabitwithFormat—mostlyIwantedtocaptureinformationonthephysicalitems;butIdidfinallydecidetoincludeanelementthatwouldcoverthedigitalsurrogate.WorkinginCONTENTdm.WorkinginCONTENTdmwaschallengingformeatfirst.Also,Ihadtoentermycompoundobjectsbuthadmissedmostofthetutorialonthis(Ihadhadtochangecomputers),butluckilyaclassmateshowedmewheretogoinCONTENTdmtodothis.Ifoundtheplatformveryclunkywhenediting—IhadabitofeditingthatIdidaftermovingtheobjectsfromProjectClienttothewebsite.ButIjustkeptworkingatitandcameupwithasystem.Finally,IwassurprisedthatCONTENTdmdidn’tsupportLCSH(whichIdiscussabove).ViewingexistingcollectionsinCONTENTdmhelpedmeanswersomeofthesequestionsandquestionsIhadonwhatthemetadatawouldlikewhenitdisplayed.Learningexperience.IamreallythrilledthatIgottoworkonsuchaproject,despitetheissuesandchallenges.Thisfinalprojecthasreallyenabledmetoseesomewhattheentireworkflowofgettinganalogitemsdigitizedandonline.Igotagoodfeelforwhatisinvolvedateachstageoftheprocessandhowmyownskillsandinterestsalignwiththoseneededtoperformthiskindofwork.I’mhopefulthatwhenIfinishtheSLISprogramthatI’llbeabletodoworklikethis.I’malsoreallyexcitedtohavehadthechancetoworkinCONTENTdmandtonowknowmywayaroundtheplatformabit.I’vespentseveralyearsreadingaboutitinSLISclassesandnowhavefinallyhadthechancetoworkinit!I’mnotsurewhatIwoulddodifferently;Ireallytriedtopacemyselfwiththisproject,andhavinghad551,651,andthemetadataclassbeforehandhelpedmegetpastthebasicstothenutsandboltsofgettingmybookcoversdigitizedanddescribed.IthinktheonlythingIwoulddodifferentlyisspendmoretimeonCONTENTdmwithsmaller,sampleexercisesthatwouldallowmegreatercomfortwiththesystembeforeputtingmylargercollectionontheplatform.IthinkalotofmyconfusionwiththesystemcouldhavebeenaddressedifIhadspentmoretimewithitbeforehand.