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Class Insecta
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
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Subphylum UniramiaClass Insecta (Hexapoda)
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Most Abundant and DiverseAnimal Class
• 1,000,000+ species identified– May be as many as
30,000,000
• More than all other animals combined
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Distribution of Insects
• Air• land• In the soil• Parasites
– Plants– Animals
• Freshwater• Not marine???
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Characteristics of Insects
• Three body regions– Head– Thorax– Abdomen
• Three pair of legs• Open circulatory
system
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Characteristics (cont)
• Two pair of wings– One pair in flies– Absent in some
• Pair of compound eyes
• Spiracles for respiration
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Centipede and Symphyla
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Insect Evolution
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12Chewing Mouthparts
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Piercing Mouthparts
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Siphoning Mouthparts
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Sponging Mouthparts
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Insect abdomen
TergumTergum
SternumSternumPleuralPleuralmembranemembrane
OvipositorOvipositor
CercusCercus
SpiracleSpiracle
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Insect Excretion
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Internal Anatomy
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Complete Metamorphosis
From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
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Digger Wasp
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Paralyzes Prey
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Social Insects
• Live in colonies• Queen• King• Soldiers• Workers
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Insect Societies
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Casts in a Bee Hive
• Queen– Lays eggs– Queen substance
• Worker– Builds hive– Takes care of eggs– Attends to queen– Royal jelly
• Drone– Fertilizes queen
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Become a Queen!
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Swarm
• New queen • Leaves with part
of the hive to start a new colony
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Honey
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Ant Colony
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Casts in an Ant Colony
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Ant Pheremones
• Alarm• Food trail
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Beneficial Insects
• Honey bee– Honey– Pollinates crops
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Beneficial Insects
• Lady bug• Eats harmful insects
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Beneficial Insects
• Silkworm moth• Lava produces silk
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Beneficial Insects
• Breakdown dung
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Beneficial Insects
• Blow fly• Decompose dead bodies
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Beneficial Insects
• Ichneumonid wasps• Kill harmful insects
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Fruit Fly
• Drosophila• Genetics research
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Harmful Insects
• Tent catepillar• Pest of many trees and shrubs
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Harmful Insects
• Boll weevil• Destroys cotton
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Harmful Insects
• Mosquitos• Vector
– Malaria– Yellow fever– Encephalitis– West Nile virus
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Harmful Insects
• Flea• Vector for
– Plague
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Xenopsylla cheopis
• Rat flea• Vector for plague
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Black Death
• 1357-1350 killed 25,000,000 in Europe
• 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India
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Bubos
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Plague Survivor
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Alexandre Yersin
• Discovered bacterium• Yersinia pestis
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Insect Orders
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Order Collembela
• Springtails• 5mm long• Furcula for jumping• No wings
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Order Thysanura
• Firebrats• No wings
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Order Odonota
• Dragon flies• Damsel flies• Two pair of large
wings
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Order Orthoptera
• Grasshopper• Cockroach• Praying mantis• Cricket
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Order Dermaptera
• Earwigs• Forceps-like cerci• Short wings
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Order Isoptera
• Termites• White• Broad waist• Winged and wingless
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Order Homoptera
• Cicada• Aphids• Leaf hoppers• Roof-like wings
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Order Hemiptera
• True bugs• Front wing
– Basal portion is leathery
– Apical portion of wing is membranous
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Order Coleoptera
• Beetles• 350,000+ species• Hard front wings meet
midline• Back wings
membranous
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Order Lepidoptera
• Butterflies– Knobbed antennae
• Moths• Scales on wings• Larva are catepillars
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Order Diptera
• Flies• Mosquitoes• One pair of wings
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Order Hymenoptera
• Bees• Wasps• Ants• Four membranous
wings• Narrow waist
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Order Anoplura
• Lice• No wings• Single claw• Sucking mouth parts• parasites
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Order Siphonaptera
• Fleas• Flattened laterally• Spines on legs and
body• Parasites
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The End
