1

Chapter Ⅶ. The Endocrine Pancreas

PS Wang/ 2004.05

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Islets of Langerhans (ovoid, 1-2% of the wt. of pancreas)

1. A cell (20%) glucagon catabolic, mobilizing glu., FFA & A.A. from stores into blood stream

2. B cell (>50%) insulin anabolic, increasing the storage of glu.

3. D cell (1-8%) somatostatin insulin, glucagon

4. No designation (few) pancreatic polypeptide function unknown

5. the fifth cell type

PS Wang/ 2004.05

3

Yen & Jaffe 23-1 #240

4

Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2007

5

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #256

6

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 1985 12th ed #258

7

Ganong, W.F. Review of Medical Physiology 23rd Edition, ©2010 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8

Modified from http://student.biology.arizona.edu/honors2003/group05/bg.html

Akt = protein kinase BGLUT-4 =Glucose transporter type 4IRS-1 = insulin receptor substrate-1

9

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 1985 12th ed #1428

10

Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2008

11

Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2009

12

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #259

13

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #156

14

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #1429

15

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #260

16

#206

17

Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2013

18

#165

19

Characteristics of Diabetes Mellites

polyuria, polydipsia (= excessive thirst),

weight loss in spite of polyphagia ( appetite)

hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketosis, acidosis,

coma

PS Wang/ 2004.05

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Glucose Tolerance

If a glucose load is given to a diabetic, the blood glucose rises higher and returns to the baseline more slowly than it normally does

PS Wang/ 2004.05

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Chemistry ----1. polypeptide, 29 A.A.

2. MW = 3485

3. t1/2 = 5-10 min

4. synthesized from proglucagon

5. degraded by liverEffects ------ 1. glycogenolytic, gluconeogenic, lipolytic

2. stimulates adenylate cyclase (in liver) glycogen break down blood glucose

3. does not cause glycogenolysis in muscle 4. stiumlates the secretion of GH, insluin, SRIF

Regulation of secretion ---- 1. protein meal glucagon 2. starvation glucagon

Glucagon

PS Wang/ 2004.05

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#163

23Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2010

24Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #158

25Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 2003 21st ed #157

26Hadley Endocrinology 1988 2nd ed #2012

27

Ganong Review of Medical Physiology 1999 19th ed #160

28

Human DiabetesJuvenile Diabetes :

onset in childhood or adolescene frequently ketoacidosis B cell disorders pancreatic insulin content is low

Maturity Diabetes : onset in adult (obese people) ketoacidosis is rare B cell morphology is normal pancreatic insulin content is normal

PS Wang/ 2004.05

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Tepperman & Tepperman Metabolic and Endocrine Physiology 1997 5th ed #1239