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Chapter 4 Atomic Structure

4.3 A Preview of The Periodic Table

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Groups and Periods

On the periodic table • Elements are arranged according to similar

properties. • Groups contain elements with similar

properties in vertical columns.• Periods are horizontal rows of elements.

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Groups and Periods

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Periodic Table

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Group NumbersGroup Numbers • Use the letter A for the representative elements

1A to 8A and the letter B for the transition elements.

• Also use numbers 1-18 for the columns from left to right.

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Names of Some Representative Elements• Several groups of representative elements

are known by common names.

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Alkali MetalsGroup 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.

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Halogens

Group 7A(17) thehalogens, includes• chlorine, • bromine, and• iodine.

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Identify the element described by the following:A. Group 7A(17), Period 4

1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Group 2A(2), Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

C. Group 5A(15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3)

nitrogen

Learning Check

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A. Group 7A(17), Period 4 1) Br

B. Group 2A(2), Period 3 2) magnesium

C. Group 5A(15), Period 2

3) nitrogen

Solution

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Metals, Nonmetals, and MetalloidsThe heavy zigzag line separates metals and nonmetals.• Metals are located to

the left.• Nonmetals are

located to the right. • Metalloids are

located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals.

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Metals • Are shiny and ductile.• Are good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals• Are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.• Are good insulators.Metalloids• Are better conductors than nonmetals, but not

as good as metals.• Are used as semiconductors and insulators.

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

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Comparing A Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal

Table 4.3

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Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium ____B. chlorine ____C. silicon ____D. iron ____E. carbon ____

Learning Check

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Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid

A. sodium 1 metalB. chlorine 2 nonmetalC. silicon 3 metalloidD. iron 1 metal E. carbon 2 nonmetal

Solution

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Match the elements to the description:

A. Metals in Group 4A(14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15) 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb

C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14) 1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

Learning Check

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Match the elements to the description:A. Metals in Group 4A (14)

1) Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A(15) 2) N, P

C. Metalloids in Group 4A(14) 2) Si, Ge

Solution