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Chapter 21

Psychosocial Development in Adults

© Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmun, J.C.. Understanding Motor Development.

McGraw-Hill

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Key Concept

The Level of Adult Physical Activity Affects Their Psychosocial States;

In Turn, Factors Such As Self-concept and Peer Relationships

Influence Their Commitment to a Physically Active Lifestyle

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Erikson’s Stages of Adult Psychosocial Development (Table 21.1)

Each of his 8 stages center on conflict resolution, the final 3 on adult transitions)- Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-25)- Generativity vs. Self-absorption (25-65)- Integrity vs. Despair (65>)

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Levinson’s Life Structure Theory (Figure 21.1)

Underlying adult life patterns, focus on 2 choices: marriage & family, & career

Four overlapping eras/”seasons” of life- Child and adolescence (0–22)- Early adulthood (17-45)- Middle adulthood (40-65)- Older adulthood (60>)

Periods of overlap represent transition times from one era to another- Transition times may be crisis times- Transition times can be growth times

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Psychological Factors and Aging Chronic physical activity positively

affects:- Sense of well-being (improved mood state & self-esteem)- Body image (improved subjective

impressions of self)- Locus of control (improved internal locus of control)- Mood state (reduced depression

through structured group activity)

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Socialization Factors and Aging Two perspectives

- Activity theory (increased need for social interaction & continued physical activity)- Disengagement theory (reduced social interaction & increased separation from society)

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Hypothesized Phases of Retirement (Figure 21.2)

I. Remote phase pre-retirement

II. Near phase _________________________________

retirement III. Honeymoon phase IV. Disenchantment phase V. Reorientation phase VI. Stability phase VII. Termination phase

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Retirement (Table 21.2)

Which is it: Increased activity or reduced social interaction? - Problem: awareness of physical activity benefits vs. Actual participation (90% are aware but only 30% participate)- Ageism (positive/negative stereotyping & discrimination)

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Motor Markers for Successful Aging (Figure 21.3)

Maintaining good health &avoiding disease

Maintaining physical functioning for everyday activities

Continued engagement in a variety of cognitive &

physical activities

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Concluding Concept

Lifestyle Characteristics Can Represent Important

Determinants of Longevity and Successful Aging