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Ch. 15

The Ferment and Reform of Culture

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2nd Great Awakening

Western New York State called “The Burnt Over District”

Methodists & Baptists Frontier Churches

Peter CartwrightMethodist

Circuit Rider

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2nd Great Awakening

Women Take Leadership Roles in Church Organization

Charles Grandison

Finny

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2nd Great Awakening

Congregationalists, Unitarians Episcopal Church, Presbyterians

Upper Classes, Educated

Baptists & Methodists Lower Classes

Frontier , West, & South

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2nd Great Awakening

Anti-Slavery Split the Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists

into Northern & Southern Churches

Adventists or MilleritesOctober 22, 1842

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2nd Great Awakening

Mormons or Church of the Latter Day Saints

Utah

Joseph Smith Brigham Young

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2nd Great Awakening

Reform Movements:

Public Education Horace Mann – Massachusetts

Women’s Education Emma Willard – Troy Female Seminary

EmmaWillard

HoraceMann

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2nd Great Awakening

Reform Movements:

Women’s Education Mary Lyon – Mount Holyoke Seminary Oberlin College – Women Admitted

Dorothea Dix – Improved Mental Health Care in Massachusetts

Mary Lyon

Dorothea Dix

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Women’s Rights

Lucretia Mott London Anti-slavery Convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Lucretia Mott

ElizabethCady

Stanton

“Cult of Domesticity”

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Women’s Rights

Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention of 1848

Susan B. AnthonyDeclaration of

Sentiments“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal….”

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Women’s Rights

Sarah & Angelina Grimke Women’s Rights and Abolition

Sarah Angelina

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Women’s Rights

Amelia Bloomer Freedom in Clothing

BloomerPants

AmeliaBloomer

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Communal LIfestyles

Robert Owen

New Harmony Indiana, 1825

Oneida Community, New York State, 1848

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Communal LIfestyles

Mother Ann Lee

Shakers

United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing

Founded 1772

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Communal LIfestyles

Shakers

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Communal LIfestyles

Shakers

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Science

Thomas Jefferson - plow

John J. Audubon – naturalist, birds

Lewis Agassiz – biology

John J. Audubon

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Art

Architecture – Greek Revival

Thomas Jefferson

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Art

Gilbert Stuart – Charles W. Peale Portraits of Famous Americans

Stuart’s Washington Peale’s Jefferson

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Art

John Trumbull Revolutionary War Battles

Washington Before Trenton by Trumbull

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Art

Hudson Valley School

Artists Focused on Romanic Landscape

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Literature

• Kickerbocker Group - Dutch Heritage of New York State

• Washington Irving -“Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

• James Fenimore Cooper “Leather Stockings Tales “ Last of the Mohicans Natty Bumppo

• William Cullen Bryant - Poetry - “Thanatopsis”

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Literature Cont.

• Ralph Waldo Emerson

“The American Scholar”• Henry David Thoreau

“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience”• Walt Whitman

Leaves of Grass• Emily Dickinson Poetry• Edgar Allen Poe “The Raven”

“The Fall of the House of Usher”

• Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter

“Young Goodman Brown”

“The Minister’s Black Veil”• Herman Melville Moby Dick