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Bio 102

Laboratory 14

Urinalysis

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Objectives for Today’s Lab

• After ingesting solutions with differing electrolyte composition, perform a urinalysis to determine:

• Volume

• Color

• Transparency

• Specific gravity

• pH

• Na+ content

• Correctly evaluate the effect of the ingested solutions on urine parameters

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What you should do in lab today…

• Be sure to handle only your own urine, and wear…– Gloves– Goggles– Lab coat (if you wish)

• When you are done, BE SURE TO CLEAN UP– Wash glassware with warm soapy water– Placed washed glassware on paper towels beside sink or in

containers provided by lab prep folks (dirty glassware)– Wash your lab table top

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What you should do in lab today…• Urinalysis

– Decide who in your group (of 4) will ingest which of the 4 solutions listed in your handout

– Prepare your solution – BUT DON’T DRINK IT YET!

– Urinate and EMPTY YOUR BLADDER; this will be your control sample

• Note: The volume of urine is IMPORTANT to this experiment, so you MUST VOID your bladder COMPLETELY with EACH urination. Collect all of your urine so you can measure the volume.

– Drink your assigned solution as rapidly but as you comfortably can

– Test your ‘0 time’ sample (control), and then urinate at 30, 60, and 90 minutes and analyze each sample as you did for the control. (Use instructions handed out)

– Answer the questions on the lab handout when you’re done

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Urinalysis

• Urine is the product of kidney functions

• Urine composition can reflect the health of both the kidneys and urinary system, as well as other organs– Physical characteristics (color, clarity, spec.

gravity)– Presence of certain organic and inorganic

compounds• Use Clinistix, urine test strips• Simple chemical tests

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Reading a Hydrometer

The markings on the hydrometer in the lab are a bit different, but the principle is the same.

- Use large cylinders with hydrometers that fit completely inside

- Be sure to empty out any remaining water before using

- Fill about 2/3 of the way up, put in hydrometer, then slowly add urine until hydrometer floats (be sure it’s not touching sides of cylinder)

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Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2• Lab Exam 1 will consist of 25 stations and 52 fill-in-the-blank questions. (plus

bonus questions)  You will be expected to be able to recognize all structures listed in your Laboratory Guide and know the items listed on this study guide.

• Remember that SPLLEING COUTNS!!  You will lose 1 point for every 2 spelling errors you make.

• For help in studying the following items and getting practice, be sure to look at the following items in the Laboratory Section of the gserianne.com Web site

• 1. The online PowerPoint Quizzes and 'Links to Explore' (if available)

• 2. Mastering A&P Web site (PAL, PhysioEx)

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Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2Respiratory System (Labs 9 and 10) – 14 questions

• Be able to calculate minute volume given tidal volume and breathing rate

• Define respiratory volumes and capacities in words and relate the numeric formulas to their definitions.

• Solve for vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, using known (given) volumes and/or capacities.

• Define tidal volume and recall the normal, average tidal volume in adults (if it's not given to you).

• Name and correctly spell the equipment used to assess lung volumes and capacities.

• Predict the effect of blood CO2 levels and various experimental conditions on breathing.

• Recognize the anatomical structures listed in your study guide on the human models/photographs and in the dissected cat (larynx, trachea, L/R bronchi, R/L lung, and diaphragm - and the thyroid gland)

• Identify microscopically, in photomicrographs: a) the type of epithelium lining the respiratory tract b) mucus glands/goblet cells and c) respiratory cilia

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Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2Digestive System & Digestive Enzymes (Labs 11 and 12) – 18 questions

• Identify, given a model or a photograph of a model or a dissected cat, ALL the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide.

• Correctly list the substrates, products, and optimal conditions for the digestive enzymes we investigated in Lab 12 (salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatic lipase).

Urinary and Reproductive Systems (Lab 13) – Urinary 12, Repro 6 questions

• Be able to recognize all structures, including all parts of the kidney and nephron and the adrenal glands [torso, plaque models, individual models, photos] listed on your Laboratory Guide for the human and cat (starred items).

• Be able to recognize the major reproductive structures for the male listed in your laboratory guide in both the human and the cat (starred items)

• Be able to recognize the major reproductive structures for the female listed in your laboratory guide in both the human and the cat (starred items)

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Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2

Urinalysis (Lab 14) – 2 questions

• Review your urinalysis lab/results and be sure to understand what you did in lab, i.e., why do we see the results we see after ingesting particular solutions? BE ABLE TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AT THE END OF THE LAB HANDOUT

• Name/correctly spell the instrument used to measure specific gravity

**Remember to do the online quizzes available on our main Web site!

**You will not need to bring a calculator. One will be provided for you.