Upload
kamryn-gridley
View
218
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Atmospheric Concentrations
Source: CDIAC
270
290
310
330
350
370
1740 1790 1840 1890 1940 1990
ppm
v
Keeling and Whorf, 1999Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Neftel, et al., 1994.Siple Station ice core
CO2
700
900
1,100
1,300
1,500
1,700
1830 1870 1910 1950 1990
ppbv
Kalil and Rasmussen, 1994.Record from six globallydistributed locations.
Etheridge, Pearman,and Fraiser, 1994.Law Dome ice core.
CH4
0
1
2
3
4
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
pptv
Sturges et al., Dome Concordia, 2000
SF6
2
CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop
for the Asian Region
- Building an Inventory Management System -
Shanghai, China8-12 February 2005
Michael Gillenwater
4
What is an GHG Inventory Program for?
▪ Meet international obligations and expectations▪ Inform international, national, and local policy
making▪ Enhance credibility of national climate policies
through timely, transparent, and effective analysis and communication
▪ Foster consistent estimation approaches across government and private sector programs
▪ Respond to requests for information▪ Champion for high quality and objective inventory
information
5
What is quality?
▪ Transparency
▪ Completeness
▪ Comparability
▪ Consistency
▪ Accuracy
Transparency is the most fundamental. If you do not document, then there is no way to
demonstrate any of the other principles have been met.
6
Who cares?
▪ A wide audience of stakeholders...
▪ Decision makers and policy advisors
▪ International climate change community
▪ Provincial and local agencies
▪ The public and interest groups
▪ Businesses
▪ Scientists
7
National government
▪ What are the emissions and removals in other countries (both Annex I and non-Annex I)?
▪ What are the uncertainties in GHG estimates and are national inventories verifiable?
▪ What is our country’s contribution to global emissions & removals?
▪ What are current and projected emissions and removals from key industries?
8
National government (cont.)
▪ What are the effects of existing or planned policies and measures (including policies that aggravate emissions)?
▪ Is our country meeting its UNFCCC obligations?
▪ Is there consensus among government agencies and key stakeholders on our emission estimates?
▪ What are the relationships between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental pollutants?
9
International community
▪ What is the your country’s contribution to global emissions and removals?
▪ Are your GHG estimates credible and transparent?
▪ Is your country meeting its UNFCCC obligations?
10
Scientists
Businesses & NGOs▪ How do we quantify and get credit for activities that reduce emissions or
sequester carbon?▪ What activities, industries, companies, or policies have been responsible
for significant increases or decreases in GHG emissions or removals?
▪ What are the priorities for research and measurement?▪ What are the scientific uncertainties in the emission and
sink estimates?
Inventory Program
Trading and projectsResearch & international
scientific community
LU/LUCF(Sinks policies)
Corporate, regional, & other inventories
Emission projections, climate & economic modeling
Domestic emission reduction programs
Negotiations& IPCC
Interest groups& the public
Linkages
12
▪ Ensure inventory processes are in compliance with COP decisions (i.e., Non-Annex I Party National Communications)
▪ Define and apply appropriate procedures for collecting, processing, communicating, and archiving inventory data and information
▪ Coordinate with relevant government departments, national agencies, and other organizations
▪ Provide inventory reports regularly▪ Ensure the quality of inventory data
Inventory management systems should...
13
Inventory management system
▪ Inventory planning
▪ Inventory preparation
▪ Inventory management
14
Inventory planning▪ Appoint national inventory agency▪ Allocate responsibilities for inventory preparation and
management▪ Develop schedule▪ Make arrangements to collect data from statistical
agencies, companies, industry associations, etc.▪ Create QA/QC plan▪ Define formal approval process within government▪ Develop review processes▪ Integrate continuous improvement
15
Example: U.S. Inventory Schedule
Submit Inventory
to UN
April 15thApril - September
Gather data and prepare initial estimates
Jan - Feb
Incorporate public
comments
Late December
Release for public
comment
Nov - Dec
Respond to interagencycomments
Oct - Nov
Expert andinteragency
review
Mid October
Prepare draft report
16
Inventory preparation▪ Identify key sources▪ Select methods and emission factors (GPG decision
trees)▪ Activity data collection▪ Manage recalculations▪ Implement QA/QC plan
▪ Basic checks should be completed on entire inventory (Tier 1) (see GPG Ch. 8)
▪ More in-depth investigations into key sources (Tier 2)▪ Documentation
17
Key categories
▪ A key source has a significant influence on a country’s total inventory in terms of level or trend in emissions (GPG, Ch.7)
▪ A key source also may be determined through a qualitative assessment.
▪ A key source category is one that is prioritized within the national inventory system
▪ In general, countries should focus on key categories for resources and improvements
18
Inventory management▪ Implement inventory review processes (e.g., expert
review, public review)▪ Obtain formal approval of final results and report
within government▪ Submission of report to UNFCCC▪ Make inventory information available to stakeholders
and respond to information requests▪ Archive all documentation and results▪ Continuous improvement feedback
19
Uncertainty▪ Uncertainty analysis is a subjective exercise, as it
relies to a large extent on expert judgment▪ Therefore, it is not a valid basis to compare
inventories between countries▪ Uncertainty analysis should be used as a way to
investigate the quality of your inventory data and identify ways to improve data quality
▪ You achieve this by investigating data quality▪ And communicating with data suppliers (e.g.,
statistical agencies)
Uncertainty investigations should be integrated within your QA/QC plan!
20
Resources
▪ IPCC Guidelines▪ Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
▪ IPCC Good Practice Guidance
▪ IPCC LULUCF GPG
▪ New 2006 IPCC Guidelines
▪ UNFCCC reporting guidelines▪ IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB)▪ IPCC software
21
Other resources…
▪Inventory reports from other Parties
UNFCCC website/GHG Data
www.unfccc.int
Inventory related reports from other Parties
▪Online network of inventory professionals?
22
Closing remarks…
▪ A greenhouse gas inventory is more than just a report. It should be viewed as an broader analytical program.
▪ A “cookbook” approach to developing a GHG inventory is not practical. There will always be a large and essential need for expert judgment at all levels of the process.
▪ A well constructed inventory should include enough documentation to allow readers to understand the underlying assumptions and to reconstruct the calculations.
23
Please feel free to email me in the future:
Michael GillenwaterEnvironmental Resources Trust
– Thank you –
24
ACTIVITY DATA
ENERGY
US EPA
Energy Use
EIA, Dept. of Energy
Bureau of Transportation
Statistics, Dept. of Transportation
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Dept. of
Commerce
Bureau of the Census, Dept. of Commerce
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Associations, Trade Groups, and Review PanelsUS EPA, National Risk
Research Management Research Laboratory
Industry Journals
Department of Defense
Minerals Management
Service, Dept. of Interior
International Bunker Fuels
The EIA collects national and worldwide fuel production and consumption data for all energy-related activities, including stationary combustion.
The EIA publishes a variety of monthly and annual reports and maintains databases which are accessible via the Web.
Provide mine-specific historical information about methane gas-recovery and gas usage.
State Petroleum and Natural Gas
Agencies
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Mining Companies
Supply information about mine-specific ventialtion systems and gas sales data.
to USEPA
The DoD maintains data on fuel consumption for the military. Data is usually acquired via communications with each branch.
Center for Transportation Analysis, ORNL, Dept. of
Energy
Federal Highway Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
Compile data on vehicle numbers and types and provide estimates for domestic transportation fuel consumption.
to USEPA
Collect data on transportation fuel combustion, including fuel consumed by jets and sailing vessels travelling internationally.
Coal Mining
Provide information about natural gas and petroleum industries, including production, infrastructure statistics, and consumption.
Mobile Combustion
Petroleum and Natural Gas
EPA
Flow of Energy
Data
25
Emission Inventory Basics
▪ An emission inventory is an accounting of the amount of air pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. It is generally characterized by the following factors:▪ The chemical or physical identity of the pollutants
included▪ The geographic area covered▪ The institutional entities covered▪ The time period over which emissions are
estimated▪ The types of activities that cause emissions
26
Inventory Agency Responsibilities
▪ A single national entity to be responsible for the overall inventory
▪ Arrangements with collaborating entities that contribute data, research, estimate emissions or provide expert reviews
▪ Define legal authority to collect and disseminate data necessary for the preparation of the inventory
▪ Ensure inventory processes are in compliance with COP decisions
▪ Define and apply procedures for collecting data, preparing inventory, communicating results, submitting report, and archiving
▪ Liaise among government departments, national agencies, ▪ Ensure the implementation of QA/QC
27
Goals
Develop high quality inventory at regular intervals (e.g., annually, every 2-4 years, etc). Resources are focused on the most significant
emission sources in the country