1 Application Compressor1

7/28/2019 1 Application Compressor1

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Application of Compressors

Prof. Dr: Nazih Noaman Bayomi


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1- Gas Turbines


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A Single Shaft Gas Turbine

Engine Compressor

Combustion

Chamber

Turbine


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Marine Gas Turbine Engine

Axial Compressor

Combustion Chamber Axial Turbine


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Gas Turbine Component

Compressor

Combustion

Chamber Turbine

Shaft


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Gas Turbine Component


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Gas Turbine


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Gas Turbine


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Open System Gas Turbine Cycle


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Open Cycle Gas Turbine


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Closed System Gas Turbine

Cycle


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Gas Turbine


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Gas Turbine with Regeneration


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Compressor

Combustion

Chamber

HighPressure

Turbine

Low

Pressure

Turbine

A Split Shaft Gas Turbine Engine


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Ideal Brayton Cycle (Air Standard)


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A Split

Shaft Gas

TurbineEngine


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New System for Gas Turbine


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A Schematic of a Cutaway of a Small Gas Turbine

Used in Helicopter or Vehicular Applications


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Combined Cycle


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Combined Gas Steam Power Plant


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Combined Gas Steam Power Plant


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2- Turbocharger


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What is a turbocharger?

A turbocharger is a device fittedto internal combustion engines to

increase power. In a normal car

engine the amount of power the

engine produces depends on how

much fuel is being burnt in thecylinders. In a non-turbocharged

engine a mixture of air and fuel is

drawn into the engine as the

piston moves down in the

cylinder. The ideal mixture is14.7:1 air to fuel (by weight) for

gasoline.

This is called the stoichiometricratio. If you always try to

maintain this ratio then if you

add more air to an engine you

must add more fuel. And if you

are burning more fuel you willgenerate more power. The

turbocharger is simply a device

to force more air into the

engine.


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Definition ofTurbocharger

A turbocharger is a device used ininternal-combustion engines to increase the

power output of the engine by increasingthe mass of oxygen and fuel entering the

engine.

A key advantage of turbochargers is thatthey offer a considerable increase in engine

power with only a slight increase in weight.
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A key disadvantage in gasoline engines is

that the compression ratio must be lowered

(so as not to exceed maximum compression

pressure) which lowers engine efficiency

when operating at low power.

This disadvantage does not apply to

specifically designed turbocharged diesel

engines.
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Turbocharger

Compressor

Turbine

Charge Aircooler

Engine

Cylinder

Radial Turbine


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Turbocharger

Compressor

Turbine


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Turbocharger


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Turbocharger


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Turbocharger


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1 Turbine wheel with shaft 6 Nozzle ring

2 Compressor wheel 7 Gas outlet diffuser

3 Bearing casing 8 Compressor casing

4 Bearing bushes 9 Diffuser

5 Gas-admission casing 10 Silencer

Turbocharger


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Turbocharger


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Radial Turbine


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3- Diaphragm Pump

Prof. Dr: Nazih Noaman Bayomi


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Double Diaphragm Pump

Diaphragm pumps are

very common and

come in many sizes.

Modern plastics areflexible and long

lasting making this an

ideal low-maintenance

pump for manyapplications.


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Double Diaphragm Pump


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Diaphragm Pump

The Air Operated DoubleDiaphragm pump isillustrated on the right.This pump uses a verysimple valve system tomove the DIAPHRAGMROD.

The flexible diaphragms

(shown in white here) areround disks attached ateach end of the DiaphragmRod.


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Diaphragm Pump

The PILOT SPOOL (themiddle of the three horizontal

rods) is pushed back and forth

whenever the Diaphragm Rod

reaches the end of its throw.

The Pilot Spool allows air to

move the Air Distribution

Valve (the top rod in this

drawing) back and forth.

The AIR DISTRIBUTION

ROD controls air flow to the

left or right air chamber,

reversing on each stroke.


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Diaphragm Pump The four BALL VALVES

are free-floating and operatedby pressure differences in thepumped liquid.

Flapper valves are alsocommonly used.

In the pump shown, liquid

flow is from the bottom tothe top.

Sanitary Double Diaphragmpumps, often made of plasticand/or stainless steel, are

used in the food industry topump everything from slicedfruit, to sausage, tochocolate.


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Diaphragm

Pump


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Diaphragm Pump


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Operation of Diaphragm Pump


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Cross-section of

an air-operateddouble-

diaphragm pump

with ball checkvalves

(Ingersoll-Rand

Fluid Products)


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Diaphragm Pump


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All Flo Diaphragm Pump


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Diaphragm Pump

Non-metallic

material

Metal


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Wilden

Diaphragm

Pump


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ARO air-

operated

double-

diaphragm

pump with flapcheck valves

(Ingersoll-Rand

Fluid Products)


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All Flo Diaphragm Pump

Ai l l


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Air control valve system


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4- Air Lift Pump

Air Lift Pump


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Air Lift Pump The Air Lift Pump is a type of deep well

pump, sometimes used to remove waterfrom mines. It can also be used to pump a

slurry of sand and water or other "gritty"

solutions.

In its most basic form this pump has NOmoving parts, other than an air

compressor. The efficiency of the air

compressor is a prime factor in

determining the overall efficiency of the

pump. Increased efficiency in the pump itself

can be achieved - but with added

complexity. Shown here is a simple Air

Lift Pump.


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Air Lift Pump

Compressed air is piped down a shaft. The air then returns

up a Discharge Pipe carrying water with it. The pump

works by "aerating" the water in the discharge pipe.

The added air lowers the specific gravity of the fluid

mixture. Since it is lighter than the surrounding water, it is

pushed upwards.

This type of pump can lift 20 to 2000 gallons per minute,

up to about 750 feet. The discharge pipe must be placed

deep into the water, from 70% of the height of the pipeabove the water level (for lifts to 20 feet) down to 40

percent for higher lifts.


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Air LiftPump


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Thank you for your

attention

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