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APA Citations Part I: Methods to the Madness
Brittany Kallman Arneson, M.A.
Writing Tutor
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Questions and Recording
• Type in the Questions box• Access captioning
• Download slides• View recordinghttp://
writingcenter.waldenu.edu/415.htm
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Agenda
• Why APA?• Parts of a reference list entry• Citations: In-text and parenthetical• Reference to citation practice• Questions
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What’s the Point of APA?
• Readers focus on your ideas, not formatting
• Communicates information about your field to an audience of scholars in your same field.
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Same information, different audiences
Kallman, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing
and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of
Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal of
Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
APA
MLA
Chicago
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Kallman, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical
component of effective paper-writing. Journal of
Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16.
doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
• Author (or authors’) last name(s), comma, and first initial• References are alphabetized by author last name• Author’s name sticks out from rest of reference (hanging indent)
Author
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The Role of the Author
• Social scientists examine trends in data, rather than following work of individual author
• A social science audience doesn’t need to know author’s first name
• Helps avoid bias
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Kallman, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical
component of effective paper-writing. Journal of
Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16.
doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
• Year only for most publications• Periodicals include month (magazines) and day/date
(newspapers).• No year? Use “n.d.” meaning “no date”
Publication Year
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Data Relevance
• Study published in 1940 is not equal to study published in 2011
• Year of study helps reader evaluate relevance to own research
• In social sciences, year study was published is more important than author identity
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Kallman, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical
component of effective paper-writing. Journal of
Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16.
doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
• Article, book, or web page title in sentence case.• Journal title (in title case), volume, issue and page numbers.• DOI or URL for the journal home page
Other Reference Components
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Your “Aha” Moment!
• APA formatting rules aren’t random.
• Following the rules correctly helps you communicate your specific content to fellow scholars in your field.
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Raw Data → Reference in APA
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Poll: Which of the following is the correct way to format an APA reference for this source? A. Cox, Ortmeier-Hooper, and Tirabassi. Teaching Writing for the “Real World”:
Community and Workplace Writing. The English Journal, Vol. 98, No. 5
(May, 2009), pp. 72-80. Retrieved from: www.ncte.org/journals/ej
B. Cox, M., Ortmeier-Hooper, C., & Tirabassi, K.E. (2009). Teaching writing for the
“real world”: Community and workplace writing. The English Journal,
98(5), 72-80. Retrieved from www.ncte.org/journals/ej
C. Cox, M., Ortmeier-Hooper, C., and Tirabassi, K.E. (2009). Teaching Writing for the
“Real World”: Community and Workplace Writing. The English Journal,
98(5), pp. 72-80. Published by National Council of Teachers of English.
Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40503302
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Correct Answer: B
Cox, M., Ortmeier-Hooper, C., & Tirabassi, K.E. (2009).
Teaching writing for the “real world”: Community
and workplace writing. The English Journal, 98(5), 72-
80. Retrieved from www.ncte.org/journals/ej
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In-Text Citations
• Give information in body of paper that reader can use to locate source in reference list
• Help you give proper credit to other sources.• Show that your topic is relevant• Are MUCH simpler than reference formatting
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Reference → In-Text Citation
Oyler, B., & Shiell, A. (2013). Best practices for online writing centers. Teaching Writing, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
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Reference → In-Text Citation
Oyler, B., & Shiell, A. (2013). Best practices for online writing centers. Teaching Writing, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
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3 Consistent Components
• Last name(s) of author or authors• Publication year• Page or paragraph number
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Parenthetical vs. In-Sentence Citations
• Parenthetical citations: End of the sentence, in
parentheses
• Example: “When students eat chocolate, their writing
improves” (Kallman, 2012, p. 12).
• In-sentence citations: Part of sentence
• Example: Kallman (2012) found that when students ate
chocolate, their writing improved.
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Article with DOI
White, S., & Ella, C. (2010). Woodland critters as
handy household helpers. Journal of Princess
Knowledge, 37(12), 14-21. doi:
13.12/fg5325903.0
• DOI is preferrable to URL, but use URL if no DOI available. • Look up DOIs at crossref.org/guestquery/
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Poll: Which of the following is the correct way to format a parenthetical citation for a paraphrase from this source?
A. White, S., & Ella C. (2010). B. (White & Ella, 2010). C. (http://www.princessjournal.org, 2010). D. (White & Ella, 2010, pp. 14-21).E. (White, S., & Ella, C., 2010).
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Correct Answer: B
(White & Ella, 2010).
• All information inside parentheses
• Components separated by commas
• No author first initials
• Use ampersand (&) inside parentheses
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Book
Babar, E. (2008). The art being a French
elephant. Minneapolis, MN: Pachyderm Press.
• Book title still in sentence case, but italicized• Publication city and state abbreviation, colon, publisher name• No page numbers or chapters
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Poll: Which of the following is the correct way to format an in-text citation for a paraphrase of this source?
A. Babar reviewed how to wear a beret (Babar, 2010).
B. Babar (2010) reviewed how to wear a beret.C. Babar reviewed how to wear a beret (2010).D. French elephants wear berets (Babar, 2010).
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Correct Answer: B
Babar (2010) reviewed how to wear a beret.
• Refer to speaker’s name in body of sentence
• Publication year always directly follows author name
• In-text citation means author’s name is part of
sentence
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Scholarly Website
Centers for Disease Control. (n.d.). Zombie
apocalypse FAQ. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/zombies/faq
• Include each web page as separate reference entry• Use exact URL to that page (unlike journal articles)• Web page titles are not italicized and are in sentence case
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Poll: Which of the following is the correct way to format an in-text citation for a direct quotation from this source? (Pretend the information came from paragraph four).
A. The Centers for Disease Control (n.d.) explained, “Zombies are fictional” (para. 4).
B. The Centers for Disease Control explained that “zombies are fictional” (para. 4).
C. Zombies are fictional (Centers for Disease Control, n.d., para. 4).
D. “Zombies are fictional,” according to the Centers for Disease Control (www.cdc.gov/zombies/faq).
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Correct Answer: A
The Centers for Disease Control (n.d.) explained, “Zombies are fictional” (para. 4).
• Count paragraphs in sources with no page numbers
• When no date is available, use n.d. for “no date”
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Questions?
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THE END!
