BELLWORK

1. -algia (pain)

2. Muscul- (muscle)

3. -fascia (fibrous)

4. Fibr- (fibers)

5. My/o- (muscle) (myalgia = muscle pain)

6. Ten-/Tend-/Tendin- (tendon)

7. ROM (range of motion)

Standard

8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained.

(specifically the muscular system)

Objectives:

1. Discuss the (4) characteristics and functions of the muscular system.

2. Discuss the (3) main types of muscles and how they are connected.

3. Draw and label the (14) main muscles.

4. Identify possible conditions related to muscles.

Muscular SystemCS 8 (HS); 10 (MT)

Careers• Athletic Trainer• Chiropractor• Doctor of

Osteopathic Medicine

• Massage Therapist• Myologist• Neurologist• Orthopedist• Physiatrist

• Physical Therapist• Podiatrist• Prosthetist

• Rheumatologist• Sports Medicine

MD

What is the Muscular System?

System composed of over 600 muscles (bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue (think of a twizzler))

Muscles contain the following characteristics

Excitability (can respond to a stimulus)

Contractibility (become short & thick to cause movement)

Extensibility (can be stretched)

Elasticity (returns to normal after contracted or stretched)

3 types of muscle

Cardiac (walls of heart)

Visceral (smooth) (in internal organs (GI system, eyes))

Skeletal (attached to bone to cause movement)

Involuntary

Voluntary

Skeletal Muscles have (4) functions

1. Attach to bones to provide voluntary movement (Can you move your body as you want to, when you want to?? Thank you muscles!!)

2. Produce heat and energy for the body ( Do you have more energy before or after your work out? Are you warmer before or after you play a game of basketball?)

3. Maintain posture by holding the body upright (Can posture be controlled?)

4. Protect internal organs (Can you touch your intestines? How about your lungs or heart?)

Discuss!!!

Applying what you have learned about other body systems, which systems work in conjunction with the muscular system to create movement?

Discuss with your small group.

How do muscles attach to bones?

Tendons (strong, tough, connective tissue cords (think of a bungee cord!))

Fascia (tough, sheet-like membrane that covers and protects (think of a trampoline (elastic and movable, yet strong))

There are more

than 600 muscles

in the human body

Muscles can get their name by

their location (like the SCM),

because of their size (gluteus

maximus), by their shape

(trapezius) or by the number of

heads (biceps (bi-=two; -cep=

head))

n

This muscle attaches to the sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (cleido-) and the mastoid process

Draw a person (can be a stick person) to add

and label muscles

Main MusclesActivity

Add muscle name and description to your drawingp. 167 old bookp. 321 new book

1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

2. Pectoralis Major (chest)

3. Deltoid (upper/side of arm)(injection site)

4. Biceps Brachii (muscle with 2 heads at the front of upper arm)

5. Triceps Brachii (muscle with 3 heads at the back of upper arm)

6. Intercostals (inter=between; costae= ribs) (this is not in book)

7. Rectus Abdominus (Abs)(Abd; rectus= straight)

8. Trapezius (Upper Back/Neck)(“Massage my trapezius please” )

9. Lattisimus Dorsi (Dorsal = back)

10. Gluteus Maximus (Maximus= large muscle) (injection site)

11. Gastrocnemius (Calf)

12. Quadriceps Femoris (muscle with 4 heads on top of femur) (injection site)

13. Sartorius (crosses over thigh like a seat belt)

14. Tibialis Anterior (front of tibia)

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

Identify the muscle

n.1670s, from Latinized form

of Greek gastroknemia "calf of the leg”, from gaster

"belly" + kneme "leg“. So called for its form – belly of

the leg.

Identify the muscle

P.165 (old book)

What is muscle tone?

What does atrophy mean?

Explain the difference?

Muscle Use

Muscle tone: A state of partial contraction, ready to act.

Muscle atrophy: The wasting or loss of muscle tissue resulting from disease or lack of use.

What are some examples of how an individual might experience muscle atrophy?

Explain some ways a healthcare professional would assist a patient in preventing atrophy or building up muscle strength.

Diseases & Abnormal Conditions

Strain

Strain = over-stretching of muscles or tendons

Back, arms, legs

Prolonged sudden muscle exertion

Myalgia (my- = muscle; -algia= pain), swelling, limited ROM

RICE (rest, immobilization, cold (or hot compress), elevation)

Muscle Spasms

Sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions

Legs, feet

Overexertion, low electrolyte levels (dehydration), poor circulation

Apply gentle pressure, stretch muscle, treat the cause (replace electrolytes (banana, Gatorade, etc.) )

GROUPACTIVITY

Go to the class website.

Click on muscular system activity.

Read the information and then complete Station 4 and 5.

(Do not perform # 10 on station 4).

BELLWORK Research examples of how homeostasis is maintained in the body by the muscular system.

Homeostasis in the Muscular System

Skeletal muscles-producing heat, (think of our body’s response to shivering)

When we get to hot, we sweat. From previous studies, what causes our body to sweat?

Smooth muscles-aide in digestion (peristalsis)

Cardiac-maintain blood pressure and circulate oxygenated blood, takes carbon dioxide to the lungs to be expelled.

Discuss:

What systems relate to the muscular system?

Standards

8) Outline basic concepts of normal structure and function of all body systems, and explain how homeostasis is maintained.

(specifically the muscular system)

20) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Physical Therapy Skills, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following: a. Ambulation with crutches or cane b. Administering cold applications

21) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Athletic Training, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following:

a. Assessment of athlete with injured ankle or wrist

b. Basic stretching exercises

Objectives

Explain homeostasis in the muscular system.

Define muscle contracture and muscle rupture.

Describe possible treatments for muscle conditions.

Describe the various range of motion (ROM) types and specific exercises.

Practice ROM exercises with a partner.

What is a muscle rupture?

Separation of muscle tissue.

Due to lifting excessive weight.

Similar to a strain

Signs and Symptoms

Pain

Swelling

Audible snap

Distorted looking muscle

Discussion: Based on your notes from yesterday, compare and contrast a muscle rupture with a muscle strain.

How do you treat muscle injuries?Apply what you learned about applying a splint, what would you need to assess when applying compression as treatment? When would you assess this?

Don’t forget R.I.C.E.

R-Rest the muscle by preventing movement, this prevents further injury

I-Ice, Cold application helps to slow bleeding and swelling in the muscle

C-Compression, can be done by bandaging or wrapping, decreases bleeding and swelling

E- elevation- place the extremity above the level of the heart, decreases bleeding and reduces swelling.

If you cannot treat and fully recover with R.I.C.E. then what?Then you go to surgery!

Sterile technique is applied.

An incision is made.

Tears are sutured or sown together.

Pooling blood is suctioned.

Then the skin layers are sutured closed .

Sterile dressing is applied.

How do muscles work?

Muscles are partially contracted at all times so that they are ready to act when they need to, this is called muscle tone. Can muscle tone be lost? Yes, illnesses such as paralysis can cause decreased

muscle tone. Decreased muscle use leads to atrophy (decrease in size and strength)

of muscles. Lack of use can also lead to contractures, which is severe tightening of

a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint (foot drop).

ROMp. 933-934(old book)

Write a description of

each on the back of your

paper

Abduction

Adduction

Flexion extension

Hyperextension

Rotation

Circumduction

Pronation

Supination

Opposition

Inversion

Eversion

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

Radial deviation

Ulnar deviation

P. 932 (old book)Add a description of

the following types of ROM:Active

Active AssistivePassive

Resistive

ROM= Range of Motion

Activity!Split up and follow instructions at different stations!

Station One: Practice the ROM exercises for specific joints (page 933 Figure 22-3)

Station Two: Review your notes on ROM for 1 minute, then without looking at your notes match the term to its description. No peaking! See who gets the most right!

Station Three: Read each command to your partner. Make sure they follow instructions. Check your book or notes for correct terminology.

Station Four: Review your notes on the 14 muscles we reviewed yesterday for 1 minute. Now label the diagram. No peaking! See who gets the most right!

Station Five: Follow the directions on how to properly stretch. Name the muscles that are affected by each stretch. (Some we may not have identified yet).

All together now!!!

Stay in your same group.

Use your previous knowledge from the skeletal system and now the muscular to follow the directions.

Name this tune!!!

Standard for Medical Therapeutics

12) Relate a therapeutic procedure or treatment to a specific body system. Create a digital or written artifact explaining anatomy involved with the treatment, reason for treatment, health care professionals assisting or performing treatment and patient education, including precautions that should occur prior to the treatment or procedure.

Objectives

Describe diseases or disorders including their signs and symptoms, related to the reproductive systems.

Explain possible treatment options for them.

Identify the healthcare professionals that will directly perform the treatment.

Muscular DystrophyGroup of inherited

diseases which lead to progressive muscle

weakness, resulting in total disability and

early death. Healthy infant at birth with an onset at 2-5 years old

and wheelchair confinement by 9-12

years old

Dys- = -trophy=

FibromyalgiaChronic, widespread pain,

muscle stiffness, numbness, tingling, fatigue, sleep

disturbances, headaches, and depression . Treat pain, physical therapy, massage, exercise, stress reduction

Fibr- = my- = -algia =

Myasthenia Gravis

Nerve impulses aren’t properly transmitted to

muscles, resulting in progressive muscle weakness

and paralysis (fatal if respiratory muscles are

involved)

Latin and Greek in origin, literally means "grave muscle weakness."

-asthenia = weakness

Myasthenia Gravis Fact Sheet

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/myasthenia_gravis/detail_myasthenia_gravis.htm