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1
A. MagentaA. Magenta
ITU-R Study Group 6
INTERACTIVITY
IN
MULTIMEDIA
INTERACTIVITY
IN
MULTIMEDIA
March 12, 2002March 12, 2002
2
A. MagentaA. Magenta
ITU-R Study Group 6
• Paraphrasing the start of the Gospel of ST JOHN, I would say:
<< In the beginning was the… “COMMUNICATION”,“COMMUNICATION”, and the communication was based on the “SERVICES“SERVICES”>>.
– The first Service was the “LANGUAGE”– The second `` `` `` “HIEROGLYPHIC”– The third `` `` `` “WRITING”
All of these Services are “INTERACTIVE”“INTERACTIVE” in due time.
• Paraphrasing the start of the Gospel of ST JOHN, I would say:
<< In the beginning was the… “COMMUNICATION”,“COMMUNICATION”, and the communication was based on the “SERVICES“SERVICES”>>.
– The first Service was the “LANGUAGE”– The second `` `` `` “HIEROGLYPHIC”– The third `` `` `` “WRITING”
All of these Services are “INTERACTIVE”“INTERACTIVE” in due time.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
ITU-R Study Group 6
• Historically, the use of Electromagnetic - Waves for Telecommunication, has originated the following Services :
– Telegraph / Data– Telephone– Broadcasting (Sound and Television)
• The new technical developments (e.g. digitalisation) and the new techniques lead to the “Convergence”, and I can say that:
““INTERACTIVITY is daughter of CONVERGENCE”INTERACTIVITY is daughter of CONVERGENCE”
• Historically, the use of Electromagnetic - Waves for Telecommunication, has originated the following Services :
– Telegraph / Data– Telephone– Broadcasting (Sound and Television)
• The new technical developments (e.g. digitalisation) and the new techniques lead to the “Convergence”, and I can say that:
““INTERACTIVITY is daughter of CONVERGENCE”INTERACTIVITY is daughter of CONVERGENCE”
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
• THEORIES on birth of “Telecommunications”
– HERTZ (investigation on Electromagnetic-waves)– MAXWELL (theory `` `` `` )– MARCONI (application of `` `` )– SHANNON (theory on Telecommunications)
• INTERNATIONAL REGULATION
– 1865 (creation of The International Telegraph Union)– 1947 (PP Conference Atlantic City, creation of ITU)– 1994 (PP Conference Kyoto, creation of ITU-R; ITU-T; ITU-D)
• THEORIES on birth of “Telecommunications”
– HERTZ (investigation on Electromagnetic-waves)– MAXWELL (theory `` `` `` )– MARCONI (application of `` `` )– SHANNON (theory on Telecommunications)
• INTERNATIONAL REGULATION
– 1865 (creation of The International Telegraph Union)– 1947 (PP Conference Atlantic City, creation of ITU)– 1994 (PP Conference Kyoto, creation of ITU-R; ITU-T; ITU-D)
HISTORICAL MEMOIRSHISTORICAL MEMOIRS
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
R RR R ARTICLE S1
• Telecommunication:Telecommunication: Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.
• Radiocommunication Service:Radiocommunication Service:A service as defined in RR involving the transmission,
emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific telecommunication purposes.
R RR R ARTICLE S1
• Telecommunication:Telecommunication: Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.
• Radiocommunication Service:Radiocommunication Service:A service as defined in RR involving the transmission,
emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific telecommunication purposes.
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
• Fixed Service:Fixed Service: A radiocommunication service between specified fixed points.
• MobileMobile Service:Service: A radiocommunication service between mobile and land stations, or between mobile stations.(CV)
• Broadcasting Service:Broadcasting Service: A radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public. This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of transmission.(CS)
• Fixed Service:Fixed Service: A radiocommunication service between specified fixed points.
• MobileMobile Service:Service: A radiocommunication service between mobile and land stations, or between mobile stations.(CV)
• Broadcasting Service:Broadcasting Service: A radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public. This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions or other types of transmission.(CS)
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
Scope Scope of Study Group 6 “Broadcasting Services”Study Group 6 “Broadcasting Services” - (agreed by RA 2000)-
• Radiocommunication broadcasting (terrestrial and satellite), including vision, sound, multimedia and data services principally intended for delivery to general public.
Broadcasting make use of point-to-everywhere information delivery widely available consumer receivers. When return channel capacity is required ( e.g. for access control, interactivity, etc.) broadcasting typically use an asymmetrical distribution infrastructure that allows high capacity return delivery link to the service provider. The production and distribution of programs (vision, sound, multimedia, data etc.) may employ contribution circuits among studios, information gathering circuits (ENG, SNG, etc.), primary distribution to delivery nodes,and secondary distribution to consumers.
The Study Group, recognizing that radiocommunication broadcasting extends from the production of programs to their delivery to general public, as detailed above, studies those aspects related to production and radiocommunication, including the international exchange of programs as well as the overall quality of service.
Scope Scope of Study Group 6 “Broadcasting Services”Study Group 6 “Broadcasting Services” - (agreed by RA 2000)-
• Radiocommunication broadcasting (terrestrial and satellite), including vision, sound, multimedia and data services principally intended for delivery to general public.
Broadcasting make use of point-to-everywhere information delivery widely available consumer receivers. When return channel capacity is required ( e.g. for access control, interactivity, etc.) broadcasting typically use an asymmetrical distribution infrastructure that allows high capacity return delivery link to the service provider. The production and distribution of programs (vision, sound, multimedia, data etc.) may employ contribution circuits among studios, information gathering circuits (ENG, SNG, etc.), primary distribution to delivery nodes,and secondary distribution to consumers.
The Study Group, recognizing that radiocommunication broadcasting extends from the production of programs to their delivery to general public, as detailed above, studies those aspects related to production and radiocommunication, including the international exchange of programs as well as the overall quality of service.
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
STRUCTURE OF ITU-R STUDY GROUP 6 “BROADCASTING SERVICES”STRUCTURE OF ITU-R STUDY GROUP 6 “BROADCASTING SERVICES”
- WP 6A :- WP 6A : Program Assembling and formatting Program Assembling and formatting
- WP 6E :- WP 6E : Terrestrial delivery Terrestrial delivery
- WP 6M :- WP 6M : Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting
- WP 6P :- WP 6P : Content Production / postproduction Content Production / postproduction
- WP 6Q :- WP 6Q : Performance assessment and Quality control Performance assessment and Quality control
- WP 6R :- WP 6R : Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for TV Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for TV
- WP 6S :- WP 6S : Satellite delivery Satellite delivery
- TG 6/7 :- TG 6/7 : Planning parameters for digital broadcasting below 30 MHz Planning parameters for digital broadcasting below 30 MHz
- TG 6/8 :- TG 6/8 : Preparation for the Regional Radio Conference (RRC-04) Preparation for the Regional Radio Conference (RRC-04)
- TG 6/9 :- TG 6/9 : Digital Cinema (D-Cinema) Digital Cinema (D-Cinema)
- WP 6A :- WP 6A : Program Assembling and formatting Program Assembling and formatting
- WP 6E :- WP 6E : Terrestrial delivery Terrestrial delivery
- WP 6M :- WP 6M : Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting
- WP 6P :- WP 6P : Content Production / postproduction Content Production / postproduction
- WP 6Q :- WP 6Q : Performance assessment and Quality control Performance assessment and Quality control
- WP 6R :- WP 6R : Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for TV Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for TV
- WP 6S :- WP 6S : Satellite delivery Satellite delivery
- TG 6/7 :- TG 6/7 : Planning parameters for digital broadcasting below 30 MHz Planning parameters for digital broadcasting below 30 MHz
- TG 6/8 :- TG 6/8 : Preparation for the Regional Radio Conference (RRC-04) Preparation for the Regional Radio Conference (RRC-04)
- TG 6/9 :- TG 6/9 : Digital Cinema (D-Cinema) Digital Cinema (D-Cinema)
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
SCOPE and Tasks of “Working Party 6M”SCOPE and Tasks of “Working Party 6M”
• WP 6M :WP 6M : Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting: Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting: Provisions for interactive, multimedia and data services in sound-programProvisions for interactive, multimedia and data services in sound-program
and television broadcastingand television broadcasting
- Approaches and requirements specific to multimedia / interactive- Approaches and requirements specific to multimedia / interactive
production, coding and multiplexingproduction, coding and multiplexing
- Requirements specific to multimedia / interactive services carried- Requirements specific to multimedia / interactive services carried
on radiocommunication broadcast systemson radiocommunication broadcast systems
- Interfaces to webcasting including the supporting data services - Interfaces to webcasting including the supporting data services
• WP 6M :WP 6M : Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting: Interactive and Multimedia broadcasting: Provisions for interactive, multimedia and data services in sound-programProvisions for interactive, multimedia and data services in sound-program
and television broadcastingand television broadcasting
- Approaches and requirements specific to multimedia / interactive- Approaches and requirements specific to multimedia / interactive
production, coding and multiplexingproduction, coding and multiplexing
- Requirements specific to multimedia / interactive services carried- Requirements specific to multimedia / interactive services carried
on radiocommunication broadcast systemson radiocommunication broadcast systems
- Interfaces to webcasting including the supporting data services - Interfaces to webcasting including the supporting data services
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Some Tasks achieved by “Working Party 6M”Some Tasks achieved by “Working Party 6M”
Recommendations in forceRecommendations in force
BT.1434 Network Independent Protocols for interactive system
BT.1435 Digital sound and television broadcasting interaction channel through the PSTN/ISDN
BT.1436 Transmission system for interactive cable television services
BT.1507 Interaction channel using digital enhanced cordless telecommunications system (DECT)
BT.1508 Interaction channel using global system for mobile communications (GSM)
BT.1549 Data link protocol for interaction channel
Recommendations in forceRecommendations in force
BT.1434 Network Independent Protocols for interactive system
BT.1435 Digital sound and television broadcasting interaction channel through the PSTN/ISDN
BT.1436 Transmission system for interactive cable television services
BT.1507 Interaction channel using digital enhanced cordless telecommunications system (DECT)
BT.1508 Interaction channel using global system for mobile communications (GSM)
BT.1549 Data link protocol for interaction channel
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Some Tasks that are going to be achieved by “Working Party 6M”Some Tasks that are going to be achieved by “Working Party 6M”
• DraftDraft New RecommendationNew Recommendation
- “Interaction Channel Using Local Multipoint distribution Systems”- “Interaction Channel Using Local Multipoint distribution Systems”
(former approved in ITU-T SG 9)
• PreliminaryPreliminary DraftDraft New RecommendationNew Recommendation
- “VHF / UHF Terrestrial Return Channel for Interactive Broadcast - “VHF / UHF Terrestrial Return Channel for Interactive Broadcast
Services” Services”
(addressed by ETSI. Approval pending on bi-lateral agreement)
• DraftDraft New RecommendationNew Recommendation
- “Interaction Channel Using Local Multipoint distribution Systems”- “Interaction Channel Using Local Multipoint distribution Systems”
(former approved in ITU-T SG 9)
• PreliminaryPreliminary DraftDraft New RecommendationNew Recommendation
- “VHF / UHF Terrestrial Return Channel for Interactive Broadcast - “VHF / UHF Terrestrial Return Channel for Interactive Broadcast
Services” Services”
(addressed by ETSI. Approval pending on bi-lateral agreement)
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Some Future Tasks to be achieved by “Working Party 6M”Some Future Tasks to be achieved by “Working Party 6M”
• New Recommendations New Recommendations
in reply to New Questions on:in reply to New Questions on:
- “ Multimedia Evolution and Common Content Format”- “ Multimedia Evolution and Common Content Format”
- “Digital Interactive Broadcasting Systems” - “Digital Interactive Broadcasting Systems”
- “Data Broadcasting in the Digital Broadcasting Environment” - “Data Broadcasting in the Digital Broadcasting Environment”
• New Recommendations New Recommendations
in reply to New Questions on:in reply to New Questions on:
- “ Multimedia Evolution and Common Content Format”- “ Multimedia Evolution and Common Content Format”
- “Digital Interactive Broadcasting Systems” - “Digital Interactive Broadcasting Systems”
- “Data Broadcasting in the Digital Broadcasting Environment” - “Data Broadcasting in the Digital Broadcasting Environment”
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
ITU-R Study Group 6
DIAGRAM OF INTERACTIVITY IN ERA OF CONVERGENCE
INTERACTIVITY IN MULTIMEDIAINTERACTIVITY IN MULTIMEDIA
PRODUCTION
- TELEPHONE
- PC
- BROADCASTING
DATA BASE
- FILMS
- BANK
- ……
SERVER 2 INTERACTIVE
NON
SERVER 1 INTERACTIVE
NETWORKS
INTERFACE
INTERFACE
- FIBRE
- CABLE
- TERRESTRIAL N.
- SATELLITE N.
USERS
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
...
SERVERSERVER
P U
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Where doesWhere doesthe the Diagram of Interactivity Diagram of Interactivity
in Era of Convergence in Era of Convergence come from?come from?
Where doesWhere doesthe the Diagram of Interactivity Diagram of Interactivity
in Era of Convergence in Era of Convergence come from?come from?
• TECNOLOGY EVOLUTION
• SYSTEMS CONVERGENCE
• TECNOLOGY EVOLUTION
• SYSTEMS CONVERGENCE
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
TECNOLOGY EVOLUTIONTECNOLOGY EVOLUTION
• Introduction of Digitalization
- creation of Digital Systems
• Common use of Computers
- use of software for treatment of signals
- realization of intelligent equipment
• Creation of Internet
- Terrestrial
- Satellite
- Cable
• Introduction of Digitalization
- creation of Digital Systems
• Common use of Computers
- use of software for treatment of signals
- realization of intelligent equipment
• Creation of Internet
- Terrestrial
- Satellite
- Cable
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
SYSTEMS CONVERGENCESYSTEMS CONVERGENCE
• Use of Digital Techniques
- compression (different types)
- B.E.R. (influencing the signal
robustness)
The consequence is:
- the creation of “anonymous” channel;
- ‘ ‘ ‘ “hierarchical” channel.
• Use of Digital Techniques
- compression (different types)
- B.E.R. (influencing the signal
robustness)
The consequence is:
- the creation of “anonymous” channel;
- ‘ ‘ ‘ “hierarchical” channel.
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
INTERACTIVITY IN MULTIMEDIA ANALISISINTERACTIVITY IN MULTIMEDIA ANALISIS
• With “HIERARCHICAL” Channels
the meaning of “SERVICE” IS LOST
• We can have different Multimedia Scenario
- MINIMUM
- MAXIMUM
- PRATICABLE
• With “HIERARCHICAL” Channels
the meaning of “SERVICE” IS LOST
• We can have different Multimedia Scenario
- MINIMUM
- MAXIMUM
- PRATICABLE
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
MINIMUM SCENARIOMINIMUM SCENARIO
• Technological
- creation of digital islands
- creation of different equipment
• Regulation
- new definitions of Broadcasting and Wireless
• Practical use
- convergence of Fix, Mobile and Broadcasting
- use of multi-mode equipment in some cases
• Technological
- creation of digital islands
- creation of different equipment
• Regulation
- new definitions of Broadcasting and Wireless
• Practical use
- convergence of Fix, Mobile and Broadcasting
- use of multi-mode equipment in some cases
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
MAXIMUM SCENARIOMAXIMUM SCENARIO
• Technological - all systems digital
- only one equipment for all systems
• Regulation
- one unified definition of Services
• Practical use
- all network interconnected
- global interoperability
- total development of UMTS
• Technological - all systems digital
- only one equipment for all systems
• Regulation
- one unified definition of Services
• Practical use
- all network interconnected
- global interoperability
- total development of UMTS
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
PRACTICABLE SCENARIOPRACTICABLE SCENARIO• Technological
- different digital systems
- different equipment operating in different mode
• Regulation
- definition of Services on the base of production
• Practical use
- birth of new “SERVERSERVER” of features
- diversification of Production
* GENERAL BROADCASTING* GENERAL BROADCASTING
** INTERACTIVE BROADCASTINGINTERACTIVE BROADCASTING
* DEDICATED BROADCASTING* DEDICATED BROADCASTING
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
NEW “SERVER” OF FEATURENEW “SERVER” OF FEATURE
• Referring to Diagram of Interactivity (slide 12)
* the “SERVER”“SERVER”
- will use some interfaces to permit the Users to enter the “Production” room and to act
with “Programs” and “Data”
- will control other interfaces to coordinate the use of Networks to optimize availability and
reducing the lines
- will coordinate the maintenance
- will define the costs
• Referring to Diagram of Interactivity (slide 12)
* the “SERVER”“SERVER”
- will use some interfaces to permit the Users to enter the “Production” room and to act
with “Programs” and “Data”
- will control other interfaces to coordinate the use of Networks to optimize availability and
reducing the lines
- will coordinate the maintenance
- will define the costs
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in: DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in:
• General Broadcasting - Sport - Theatre
- Culture
- Musical - Container
• games
• meetings
• debates • various arts
• General Broadcasting - Sport - Theatre
- Culture
- Musical - Container
• games
• meetings
• debates • various arts
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in:DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in:
• Interactive Broadcasting
- Contribution to all other programs of General Broadcasting by:
• Telephone
• Fax
• PC
• Videocamera
• Interactive Broadcasting
- Contribution to all other programs of General Broadcasting by:
• Telephone
• Fax
• PC
• Videocamera
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in:DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION in:
• Dedicated Broadcasting
- Personal Multimedia Production using:
• Other programs
• Data Banks
• Own production
• Dedicated Broadcasting
- Personal Multimedia Production using:
• Other programs
• Data Banks
• Own production
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
QUALITY JUMPQUALITY JUMP
• Redefinition of:
- Resources Allocation
- Network Management- Type of Channels
• Redefinition of:
- Resources Allocation
- Network Management- Type of Channels
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Resources AllocationResources Allocation
• Attribution to:
- Over national Group
- Multi national Groups
- Local Groups
• Attribution to:
- Over national Group
- Multi national Groups
- Local Groups
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Network ManagementNetwork Management
• Global- Unique Manager
• Cartel- Different Networks
- Different Properties
- Unique Regulation
• Technology - Transparent
• Global- Unique Manager
• Cartel- Different Networks
- Different Properties
- Unique Regulation
• Technology - Transparent
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Type of ChannelType of Channel
• CREATION of - “Minimum Channel” of information
• HIERARCHIZATION - Of Channels
• CREATION of - “Minimum Channel” of information
• HIERARCHIZATION - Of Channels
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
FREQUENCY MANAGEMENTFREQUENCY MANAGEMENT• REVISION of
- Article S5 of RR
• NEW MANAGEMENT of FREQUENCIES - National
- Beyond national
• UTILIZATION of FREQUENCIES - Sharing
- Part-Time
- Local
- Universal
• REVISION of - Article S5 of RR
• NEW MANAGEMENT of FREQUENCIES - National
- Beyond national
• UTILIZATION of FREQUENCIES - Sharing
- Part-Time
- Local
- Universal
ITU-R Study Group 6
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A. MagentaA. Magenta
Tx and Rx SYSTEMS Tx and Rx SYSTEMS
• TRASPARENTTRASPARENT
• INTELLIGENTINTELLIGENT
• TRASPARENTTRASPARENT
• INTELLIGENTINTELLIGENT
ITU-R Study Group 6
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GALACTIC FUTUREGALACTIC FUTURE
• INTERACTIVE LINKS REALIZATION :INTERACTIVE LINKS REALIZATION :
* TERRESTRIAL* TERRESTRIAL
* TERRESTRIAL - GALACTIC* TERRESTRIAL - GALACTIC
* GALACTIC - TERRESTRIAL* GALACTIC - TERRESTRIAL
• INTERACTIVE LINKS REALIZATION :INTERACTIVE LINKS REALIZATION :
* TERRESTRIAL* TERRESTRIAL
* TERRESTRIAL - GALACTIC* TERRESTRIAL - GALACTIC
* GALACTIC - TERRESTRIAL* GALACTIC - TERRESTRIAL
ITU-R Study Group 6