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Part - B

5. B) i) Excavators - Njhz;b

Clamshell - kl;bNahl;Lf; fy;tp Trencher - mfop Njhz;b

Loader - RikNaw;wp ii) i)

ii)

2) vLNfhs; :- (khztu;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; ajhu;j;j uPjpahd fUj;Jf;fs;)

iii) 1. <ur;rhf;fpid gad;gLj;jy; / %Ljy; 2. nghypj;jPdhy; %Ljy;

3. njhlu;e;J ePu; JTjy; / ePupy; mkpo;j;Jjy; 4. kzy; ,l;L ePu; Cw;Wjy; 5. Xiyfshy; %Ljy;

b) i) fjT - ,Uk;Gg; nghUl;fs; mYkpdpak; gpsh];upf; fz;zhb ad;dy; - ,Uk;Gg; nghUl;fs; mYkpdpak; gpsh];upf; fz;zhb

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ii)

gFjp C

07. i) nkd;dpUk;G my;yJ gpj;jis my;yJ mYkpdpak; gpd;tUk; nghwpapay; ,ay;Gfis fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; nefpo; jd;ik typik nehUq;Fk; ,ay;G cUf;F ,Uk;G (gFjp B) Mg;Gr; rhtp Mzpf;fhd %yg;nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;Ak; NghJ fhgd; typikiaj; jhq;ff; $bajhfTk; nefpo; jd;ik mw;wjhfTk; ,Otpirf;F <LnfhLf;f Ntz;baJkhd cNy-hfj;jpidj; njupT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

(15 Gs;spfs;)

ii)

tiujy; Crpapd; cjtpAld; A apYs;s %d;W JisfSk; ,lNtz;ba ,lj;jpid ,dq;fz;L tiue;J nfhs;ssy; ikaf;Fj;jpapd; cjtpAld; mj;Jis ,lNtz;ba gFjpfspd; ikaj;jpy; gs;sj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy;43Nos vDk; msTila KWf;Fj; Jis myfpdhy; milahskplg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; Jisapid Vw;gLj;Jjy; Jisaplg;gl;l gFjpapy; cs;s cNyhfg; gpRWfis muj;jhspd; cjtpAld; ePf;fp Rj;jk; nra;jy;

(30 Gs;spfs;)

iii) jfl;by; jt;T mika Ntz;ba ,lj;ij rupahf ,dq;fz;L tiujy; ntl;Lsp> Rj;jpay; vd;gtw;wpd; cjtpAld; ntl;b mfw;wg;gl Ntz;ba gFjpapid mfw;Wjy; jl;il muk;> cUis muk; vd;gtw;wpd; muhtp ntl;L Nkw;gug;igr; rPu;nra;jy; muj;jhspidg; gad;gLj;jp Rj;jk; nra;jy;

(30 Gs;spfs;)

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iv) jukhd fUtpfis cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jjy; %yg;nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;Ak;NghJ juj;ijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; JUg;gpbf;fhJ xapy; tu;zk; G+Rjy; xapy; my;yJ fpwP]; jltp vz;nza;j; jhspy; my;yJ nghypj;jPd; igf;fw;Wf;fspy; nghjp nra;jy;

(15 Gs;spfs;)

08. a) neUf;fy; mbg;G Kbe;j gpd;du; tY mbg;G Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. tY mbg;gpy; Kryk; TDC ,ypUe;J BDC tiuf;Fk; nry;fpd;wJ. ,jdpilNa vy;yh thy;TfSk; milf;fpd;wd. tY mbg;gpy; vQ;rpd; cUisapDs;Ns vupnghUs; jfdkiljy; eilngWfpd;wJ. ,q;F toq;fg;gLk; ntg;gj;jpd; tpisthf cUisapDs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; thAf;fyit tpuptile;J Kryj;jpd; kPJ cijg;G tYitg; gpuNah-fpj;J mjid BDC tiuf;Fk; js;Sfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; tY mbg;gpy; vupnghUs; jfdkiltjhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; tY njhLf;Fk; NfhypDlhf Row;wpj; jl;bw;F CLflj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW vQ;rpDs;Ns eilngWk; vupnghUs; jfdj;jpd; %yk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; rf;jp Row;wpj; jz;Lf;F CLflj;jg;gl;L TDC ,ypUe;J BDC tiuf;Fk; eilngWk; Kryj;jpd; ,af;fk; tY mbg;G vdg;gLk;. vQ;rpdpd; tY cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; xNu re;ju;g;gk; tY mbg;ghFk;. Vida vy;yh mbg;Gf;fspYk; Rw;wpj; jz;bd; ,af;fj;ij njhlu;r;rpahfg; NgZtjw;F mt;tYtpy; xU gFjp nryt-plg;gLfpd;wJ. tY mbg;gpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; tYitg; gwg;Gr; rpy;ypd; %yk; Ngzpf;nfhz;L kWgbAk; tY mbg;Gf; fpilf;Fk; tiuf;fk; vQ;rpd; ,aq;Ffpd;wJ.

b)

thfdk; tisthd ghijapy; nry;Yk; NghJ tistpd; cl;gf;fj;jpy; cs;s cl;rpy;Y Fiwe;j JuKk; ntspg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;s ntspr;rpy;Y $ba JuKk; nry;Yk; NghJ khj;jpuNk thfdkhdJ tisghijapy; rPu-hfr; nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjhtJ cl;rpy;ypd; fjp ntspr;rpy;ypd; fjpapYk; Fiwthdjhf cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd NtWgl;l epiyikfSf;F Vw;g rpy;Yfspd; fjpapid khw;wpf;nfhs;tNj ,jd; gpujhd njhopw;ghL MFk;.

,U gf;fKk; cs;s #upar; rpy;Yfs; (Sun gearwheel) nrt;tfr; rhtp %yk; gpd; mr;rhzpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. #upar; rpy;YfSld; el;rj;jpur; rpy;Yfs; (Star wheel) ,izf;fg;gl;lNjhL el;rj;jpur; rpy;Y jz;L %yk; Ntw;Wikg;gLj;jpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.

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tisthd ghijapy; nry;Yk;NghJ tistpd; cl;gf;fkhf cs;s rpy;ypy; $ba jilfs; Vw;gl;L Ntfk; Fiwtilfpd;wJ. ,t;Ntf khw;wj;ijr; nrk;ikg;gLj;j el;rj;jpur; rpy;Yfs; jdJ mr;Rg;gw;wpr; Rod;W ntspr;rpy;Yf;Fupa #upar; rpy;ypd; Ntfj;ij mNj msT mjp-fup;f;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; cl;gf;fr; rpy;ypy; Vw;gLk; Ntff; FiwT ntspg;gf;fr; rpy;ypy; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

c)

jLg;Gf;fisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; NghJ Nkhl;lhu; thfdk; tPjpapy; eOthky; nry;tjw;fhf rpy;Yfspy; eOtnyjpu;j; (Anti - Lock) jLg;Gf;fs; etPd thfdq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd. jLg;Gf;fisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; NghJ xNu jlitapy; fLk; cijg;igg; gpuNahfpj;jhy; rpy;Yfs; rpiwg;gLk;. mj;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Nkhl;lhu; thfdk; tPjpapy; eOtpr; nry;tjw;fhd tha;g;G cs;sJ. MfNt jLg;Gf;fs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; NghJ xU nrf;fDf;Fj; jlitfs; tPjj;jpy; jLg;G ,yhld;fs; njhopw;gLjy; eOtnyjpu;j; jLg;Gf;fspy; eilngWfpd;wd. mJ nghwpKiwahf my;yJ kpd;Kiwahf eilngWk; re;ju;g;gq;fshf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ngUk;ghYk; kpd; (ABS) KiwNa cs;sJ. mjpy; rpy;Yfs; rpiwg;gLjy; eilngWtjpy;iy. Nkhl;lhu; thfdk; tPjpapy; eOtpr; nry;yhky; ghJfhg;ghf epw;ghl;lg;gLtjw;F mJ cjTfpd;wJ.

d) 1. thfdr; rl;lKk; clYk; (Frame and Body)

Nkhl;lhu; thfdr; rl;lk; (Frame) thfdj;jpd; tbtj;ijg; NgZtjw;F cjTk; mNjNtis ntspNa cz;lhFk; tpirfisr; rkd;nra;J gaz-pfSf;F nrsfupaj;ij nra;jyhFk;. xU Nkhl;lhu; thfdj;jpy; nry;Yk; egu;fSf;Fg; gy;NtW thdpiy> fhyepiy epiyikfs; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; ,lu;ghLfis ,optsthf;Ftjw;F Nkhl;lhu; thfd cly; gad;gLfpd;wJ. fLk; ntapy;> kio> Jrp> kiog;gdp vDk; epiyikfspy; gazpfisAk; nghUl;fisAk; ghJfhg;gij cly; (Body) Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;wJ.

2. tspj;jpiu (Wind Shield) thfd clypy; Neubahfg; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; tspj;jpiuAk; thfdk;

tpiuthfr; nry;Yk;NghJ cz;lhFk; fhw;wpd; jhf;fj;ijj; jLg;gjpy; Kf;fpakhd gzpfs; eilngWfpd;wd. xU Nkhl;lhu; thfdj;ijr; nrYj;Jifapy; Kd;dhy; gLk; xspf;fw;iwfisf; fz;Zf;F Neubahf topg;gLj;jy; (Direct Glare) nrYj;jy; ,liuf; $l;Lfpd;wJ. thfdq;fspy; ,lg;gl;bUf;Fk; tspj;jpiu (Wind Shield) ,t;nthspj;njwpg;G (Reflection)> KwpT (Refraction) vDk; Nfhl;ghLfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,optsthf;FkhWk; gy;NtW cj;jpfs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

3. tpsf;FfSk; tspj;jpiuj; Jilg;gKk; ,utpy; nry;Yk;NghJ rhujp Kd;gf;fj;ijj; njspthfg; ghu;g;gjw;F ji-

yik tpsf;Ffisg; (Head Lamps) gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. vdpDk; mg;NghJ Kd;dhy; tUk; thfdq;fspd; rhujpfSf;F Neub xspf;fw;iwfs; (Direct

Glare) gLfpd;wikahy; epfOk; Mgj;ijf; Fiwf;f Mo;j;jpa tpsf;Ffs; (Dipped Lamps) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thNw %Lgdp my;yJ

4. iriffs; (Signals) xU Nkhl;lhu; thfdk; nry;Yk;NghJ rhujp nra;a KaYk; nray;fSk;

nra;Ak; gy;NtW nray;fSk; tPjpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida egu;fSf;Fr;

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rupahf mwptpg;igr; nra;tjw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhditahFk;. mt;thW nra;ahtpl;lhy; gaq;fukhd tpgj;Jf;fs; Vw;glyhk;. mt;thNw Nkhl;lhu; thfdj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspd; epiyikfisf; Fwpg;gpLk; iriffSk; (Signals) thfdj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;il tpsf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; NjitahFk;. ,jw;fhfg; gy;NtW iriffs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

5. ghJfhg;Gg; gl;bfs; (Safety Belts) nrYj;jg;gLk; xU Nkhl;lhu;f; fhupy; rLjpahfj; jLg;Gf;fisg; gpuNah-

fpj;jhy; my;yJ xU rLjp tpgj;jpy; gazpfSk; nghUl;fSk; thfdj;jpd; cs;Ns my;yJ tspj;jpiuia cilj;Jf;nfhz;L thfdj;jpw;F ntspNa tPrg;gLtjw;fhd Mgj;J cs;sJ. ,t;tpliu ,optsthf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ghJfhg;G Mrd thu; (Safety Seat Belt) nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhjhuz re;ju;g;gq;fspy; rhujp my;yJ gazpfs; vspjhf ,aq;fj;jf;fthW thiu vspjhfj; jsu;j;Jtjw;fhd Mw;wy; cz;L. vdpDk; xU fzj;jhf;F tpir cz;lhFk; NghJ thiuj; njhopw;gLj;Jk; nghwpKiwg; gFjpAs; (Latch) tpOkhW cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L ,Ug;gjdhy; thiur; rupahf mzpe;jpUf;Fk; NghJ gazpfs; mg;ghy; tPrg;gLjy; jtpu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

6. tsp gYd; (Air Bag) tpiuthfr; nry;Yk; xU Nkhl;lhu; fhu; xNu jlitapy; epw;ghl;lg;gl;lhy;

gazpfspd; clw;gFjp Kd;Ndhf;fp tPrg;glyhk;. mjd;%yk; jiy MAjg;ngl;bapy; gLtjw;fhd (Dash Board) Mgj;J cz;lhfpwJ. ,jidj; jLg;gjw;F Xu; cj;jpahf tsp gYidf; (Air Bag) fhl;lyhk;. mj;jifa tsp gYd; 5 kpy;yp nrf;fd; Nghd;w xU FWfpa Neuj;jpy; njhopw;gl;L (Cjp) mt;tplj;jpypUe;J Vwj;jho 1 nrf;fdpy; RUq;fpg; Nghfpd;wJ. ,J ,urhadj; jhf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhj; njhopw;gLfpd;wJ. mjpy; Nrhbak; Virl;L (NaN3) ck; nghw;whrpak; iej;jpNuw;W (KNO3) ck; jhf;fk; Gupe;J iejurd; (N2) thA tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rhujpapd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf cs;s gYd; ngUk;ghYk; flTr;nrhy;ypDs;NsAk; gazpfspd; ghJfhg;ghf cs;Ns gYd; MAjg; gf;fg; ngl;bapYk; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; mNjNtis mit ntspNa njuptjpy;iy.

7. mtrufhyf; fjT (Emergency Exit) gazpfisf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; rpy thfdq;fspy; rhjhuzf; fjT

jilahf ,Uf;FkhW tpgj;Jf;F cl;gl;lhy; gazpfspd; msTf;Fg; NghJkhd rhjhuzf; fjT ,y;yhikahy; mtu;fs; Mgj;Jf;F cl;gLtu;. MfNt> tpNrlkhf mj;jifa thfdq;fspy; mtrufhyf; fjT (Emer-

gency Exit) ,lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it ngUk;ghYk; rhjhuzf; fjTfSf;F vjpuhd jpirapy; my;yJ gpw;gf;fj;jpy; my;yJ $iuapy; ,Uf;Fk;.

8. jPaiz fUtp (Fire Extinguishing Equipement) thfdj;jpy; jP cz;lhFk; NghJ mjpy; nry;Yk; gazpfSf;F ngupa

Mgj;J cs;sJ. MfNt> jP cz;lhtijj; jLg;gjw;Fk; mj;jPiag; guthky; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> jPaizfUtpfs; tpNrlkhfg; ghukhd thfdq;fspy; ep-Wtg;gl;Ls;sd.

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gFjp D

09. a)

(mr;Rf;fSf;F 3 Gs;spfs;)

(+VS, -VSw;F 3 Gs;spfs;) (tiuGf;F 9 Gs;spfs;)

b) 1. ngag;G jil kpf cau;thdJ 2. gag;G jil ,opthdJ

3. cau; mOj;j tpupayhf;fk; nfhz;lJ (35=15 Gs;spfs;)

c) i) 0V (5 Gs;spfs;)

ii) 5V (5 Gs;spfs;)

iii) 0V (5 Gs;spfs;)

iv) 0A (5 Gs;spfs;)

v) xspuhJ (5 Gs;spfs;)

Vout

+VS

Vin

-V

-VS

d)

X + Kid

Y - Kid

e) 1. 0V (1 Gs;sp) 2. 5V (1 Gs;sp)

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3. Vout = A0 Vin (5 Gs;spfs;) Vout = A0 (V+-V-)

= 106 (2V-0V)

Vout = 2106V

Vout = 5V MFk;. (5 Gs;spfs;)

4. I=V/R (2 Gs;spfs;)

= 5/1x103A (1 Gs;sp)

=0.005A (3 Gs;spfs;)

5. (2 Gs;spfs;) xspUk;

10. a)

(mr;R Fwpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; = 3 Gs;spfs;)

(juTfs; ,Ug;gpd; = 6 Gs;spfs;)

(tiuG ,Ug;gpd; = 6 Gs;spfs;)

b) P=IV (5 Gs;spfs;)

I=P/V

=5w/20V

=0.25A (5 Gs;spfs;)

c) 1. I=V/R

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=20V/100Ω

I2=0.2A (5 Gs;spfs;)

2. I1=V/R

=25/100

=0.25A (5 Gs;spfs;)

3. Nfhr;Nrhtpd; 1k; tpjpg;gb

I1=IZ+I2

IZ=I1-I2

=0.25A – 0.2A =0.05A

d)

(10 Gs;sp)

e) 1. T = 0.2 ms (5 Gs;sp

2. f=1/T (5 Gs;sp)

=1/0.2 x 10-3

=5000Hz (5 Gs;sp)

Vrms =Vp/√2

(8 Gs;sp)

OR

Vrms = 0.707 Vp

= 0.707 x 45 (3 Gs;sp)

=31.815V (4 Gs;sp)

Vava= 2Vp / 𝜋 OR 0.637 Vp (5 Gs;sp)

=0.637 x 45

=28.7V (28V – 29V) (5 Gs;sp)

Vin