1 2012 Introduction

ECE-4681 Introduction to ElectricPower Systems-technical elective

3-credits

Global Energy Overview 1

Instructor: Dr. robert l. sullivanBook: power systems analysis and design

5th edition by sharma et. Al.

Time: Tuesday & Thursday 9:30-10:45Place: Oec room 228

Grades: 25% participation, 25% homework25% midterm and 25% final

my.fit.edu/~sullivanOpen public Folder

http://www.alibris.com/booksearch?qisbn=9781111425777&qwork=5269737

2012 CLASS

TablE OF CONTENTS

About the instructor

Dr. Sullivan received his BSEE, ME, and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Florida in 1964, 1965, and 1969, respectively. He joined the electrical engineering faculty in 1970 and was promoted through the to Full Professor in 1978 and became Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering. Dr. Sullivan joined the Florida Institute of Technology in 1990 as Dean of Engineering. In 1999 he became the Vice President for Research and Dean of graduate studies. He became the Head of ECE in 2006-2007. Dr. Sullivan is now a University Professor and teaches and conducts research in electric power engineering. Dr. Sullivan is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and a HKN imminent engineer and a member of Tau Beta Pi.

Introduction

Fundamentals

Power Transformers

Transmission Line Parameters

Transmission Line Steady State Operation

Power Flow Analysis

3Global Energy Overview

Ece-4681


Senator, the Honourable Conrad Enill Minister of Energy & Energy Industries .

The global reach of power engineering

COE POWER ENGINEERING OFFERINGS

ECE-5684Power System

Planning and Reliability

ECE-4681 Introduction

To Power Systems

ECE-5683Power System

Control and Operation

ECE Courses

MAE Courses

MAE-4250/5250 Physical Principles of Nuclear Reactors

MAE-4260/5260 Nuclear Reactor Engineering

MAE-4270/5270 Nuclear Criticality and Nuclear Safety

MAE-4280/5280 Radiological Engineering

MAE 4178/5240Solar Energy Analysis

MAE 4176Combustion Engineering

MAE 5310Combustion Fundamentals

DMES Courses

ENS-4300 Renewable

Energy and the Environment

ENS-5300 Principles of Renewable

Energy

ENS-5600 Radiation

And Environmental Protection

ECE POWER ENGINEERING OFFERINGS

MATLAB R2009a.lnk

Simulator 12_GSO.lnk

ECE-5684 Power SystemPlanning and Reliability

ECE-4681 IntroductionTo Power Systems

ECE-5683 Power SystemControl and Operation

Virtual power Lab

PowerWorld

SimPower

Tools ResultsCourses




Book & JOURNAL Resources


http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/reader/0070612935/ref=sib_dp_pt

http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0471586994/ref=sib_dp_pt

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Power-System-Reliability-Evaluation/Roy-Billinton/e/9780677028705/?itm=1

http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Reliability-Assessment-of-Electrical-Power-Systems-Using-Monte-Carlo-Methods/Roy-Billinton/e/9780306447815/?itm=3


COMPUTATIONAL resources

MATLAB R2009a.lnk

Virtual Power Lab.lnk


http://powerworld.com/Default.asp

Great website for international data


Also great for data by state


Example: Here are florida energy facts

Worlds Population

5,300.00

5,400.00

5,500.00

5,600.00

5,700.00

5,800.00

5,900.00

6,000.00

6,100.00

6,200.00

6,300.00

6,400.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Years 1995-2003

Po

pu

lati

on

in

Mil

lio

ns

a global discussion GDP and energy consumption in Japan

GDP and energy consumption in Japan

GDP and energy consumption in Japan


Gross national product (GNP): The total value of goods and services produced by the nation's economy before deduction of depreciation charges and other allowances for capital consumption. It includes the total purchases of goods and services by private consumers and government, gross private domestic capital investment, and net foreign trade.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_energy_&_GDP.png






Quadrillion Btu: One quadrillion (1015= 10 to the 15th power) British thermal units (Btu).

British thermal unit (Btu) - The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; equal to 252 calories. British thermal unit is abbreviated as Btu.


You need toremember

these

Growing economies need energy


Who is consuming the energy

By continent


By country

18Energy Modeling

Secretary Steven Chu

Meet a few energy czars

Energy Modeling 19

Senator the Honourable Conrad Enill Minister of Energy and Energy Industries, Trinidad and Tobago

Energy Modeling 20

HE Odein Ajumogobia (SAN) Nigeria's Minister of State for Energy (Petroleum)

http://www.eoearth.org/image/Nigmap.gif


What agencies govern energy policy in the us???

22

http://www.energy.gov/organization/orgchart.htm









Even individual states have role


First Homework

Write a two page summary about energy productionAnd consumption in your country/STATE and present

In class

The us national grid




http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/images/charts/transportation_by_fuel-large.gif


http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/images/charts/industry_sources_of_energy-large.gif


http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/images/charts/energy_use_commercial_buildings-large.gif

Eighty-four percent of single-family homes have air conditioning (central system, wall/window units, or both).For Appliances: 95% have a clothes washer 92% have a clothes dryer 74% have a personal computer


http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/images/charts/energy_use_in_homes-large.gif

Lets focus on Electric Energy Productionin the us



Composition of Electric Entities in the United States, 2007


Lets focus on a typical power plant


How a plant works: Energy flow

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dampfturbine_Laeufer01.jpg


The basic parts of a plant

fuel

generator

Steam turbine

transformer

Transmissonlines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_transmission_lines.jpg


Fuels used in making electric energycoal

Natural gas

gasoline

Uranium 235biofuels

Water

wind

sun

Natural steam

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/images/Coal,%20anthracite_jpg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/&h=337&w=360&sz=39&tbnid=k0zeI7HHHCwJ:&tbnh=109&tbnw=117&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images?q=coal&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=G

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html

Heat Content - The gross heat content is the number of British thermal units (Btu) produced by the combustion, of a volume of gas under certain with air of the same temperature and pressure as the gas, when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of gas and air and when the water formed by combustion is condensed to the liquid state.

• Oil: 140,000 Btu/gallon=7MBtu/Barrel• Gas: 1,025,000 Btu/ft^3=1.025 MBtu/ft^3• Coal: 28,000,000 Btu/ton=28 MBtu/ton• Uranium: 75,825,369,600 Btu/Kg

=75.8BBtu/Kg

HEATING VALUE OF COMMON FUELS


About Coal


AmosLocation: WV

Operator: Ohio Power CoConfiguration: 2 X 800 MW, 1 X 1,300 MW

Operation: 1971-1973Fuel: bituminous coal

Boiler supplier: FW, B&WT/G supplier: GE, BBC

EPC: AEPhotograph by Tim Smith and courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of EngineersPosted 21 Aug 2005


What is Coal?

•Most abundant fossil fuel worldwide

•Formed millions of years ago from dead plants which did not fully decay and oxidize, therefore did not release their carbon dioxide.

•Compacted into carbonaceous sediments – sedimentary rock.

•Primarily composed of carbon, also composed of sulfur and other elements.


Types of Coal

• Ranked by carbon content• Each have different heating value• Located in different regions • Used for different purposes•Have distinguishable characteristics

AnthraciteHighest content of carbon @ 86 to 98%Heating value of 15,000 BTU/lbFound in northeast Pennsylvania (11 counties)Used primarily for home heatingHighest ranking coal BituminousSecond highest @ 45 to 86%Heating value of 10,500 to 15,500 BTU/lbFound most plentifully in United StatesUsed to generate electricity & make coke for steel industryDense, black coal



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/images/Coal%20bituminous_jpg.jpg&imgrefurl=http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photogallery/&h=308&w=360&sz=39&tbnid=NSgCnNonbZ8J:&tbnh=100&tbnw=117&hl=en&start=2&prev=/images?q=coal&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=G

Sub-bituminous Carbon content @ 35 to 45% Heating value of 8,300 and 13,000 BTU/lbFound in western states and AlaskaUsed to generate electrical powerCleaner burn – less sulfur (lower heating value)

Lignite Lowest carbon content @ 25 to 35%Heating value of 4,000 and 8,300 BTU/lbFound in Montana, North Dakota, TexasUsed to generate electrical powerBrown coal


http://kuroko.mus.akita-u.ac.jp/sampimag/01482.gif

http://www.scsc.k12.ar.us/2000backeast/ENatHist/Members/Reynolds/mvc-002f.jpg

Mining Methods

Strip Mining Open-pit Mining

Longwall MiningRoom and pit


About Natural Gas

Freestone◦ Location: TX

Operator: Calpine CorpConfiguration: Two 500-MW, 2+1 combined-cycle blocks with 7001FA gas turbines

Fuel: natural gasOperation: 2000

HRSG supplier: NooterT/G supplier: GE

EPC: UTEC


http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html

ABOUT HYDRO POWER


Cortes - La MuelaLocation: Spain

Operator: IberdrolaConfiguration: 3 X 210 MW FPT (La Muela),

2 X 140 MW Francis (Cortes)Operation: 1988-1989

T/G supplier: Voith, Mecanica de la Pena, ABB, Neyrpic, GEEPC: Agroman, Hernando, Entrecanales

Photograph courtesy of IberdrolaPosted 27 Feb 2005


Cortes - La MuelaLocation: Spain

Operator: IberdrolaConfiguration: 3 X 210 MW FPT (La

Muela),2 X 140 MW Francis (Cortes)

Operation: 1988-1989T/G supplier: Voith, Mecanica de la Pena,

ABB, Neyrpic, GEEPC: Agroman, Hernando, Entrecanales

Photograph courtesy of IberdrolaPosted 27 Feb 2005


About UraniumAbout Uranium

Crystal River 1-3Location: FL

Operator: Progress Energy FloridaConfiguration: 1 X 885 MW PWR

Operation: 1977Reactor supplier: B&W

T/G supplier: WHEPC: Gilbert, JA Jones

Quick facts: Site is shared with 441-MW and 524-MW conventional coal-fired units.

Photograph courtesy of Levy County Emergency ManagementPosted 20 Feb 2005

• Concentration - uranium ranks 48th among the most abundant elements found in natural crustal rock.

• Density - uranium is very dense. At about 19

grams per cubic centimeter, it is 1.6 times more dense than lead. Density increases weight.

• Melting Point - uranium boils at about 3,818 degrees Celsius (about 6,904 degrees Fahrenheit).

Physical Properties of Uranium


Location of Projected New Nuclear Power Reactors

Florida Nuclear Power Plants, Summer Capacity and Net Generation, 2008

Plant Name/Total Reactors

Summer Capacity(MW)

Net Generation(Thousand MWh)

Share of State Nuclear

Net Generation (Percent)

Owner

Crystal RiverUnit 3 860 7,000 21.8 Progress Energy

Florida Inc

St LucieUnit 1, Unit 2 1,678 13,760 42.8 Florida Power &

Light Co

Turkey PointUnit 3, Unit 4 1,386 11,373 35.4 Florida Power &

Light Co

3 Plants5 Reactors 3,924 32,133 100.0

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report," and Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."

The Chernobyl disaster (locally Катастрофа Чернобыля, Chornobyl Catastrophe) was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine (officially Ukrainian SSR), which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities in Moscow. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere, which spread over much of Western USSR and Europe. It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, and is one of only two classified as a level 7 event on the International Nuclear Event Scale (the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster).[1] The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater catastrophe ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles, crippling the Soviet economy.[2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_accident

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nuclear_Event_Scale

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruble

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg

The Nuclear Emergency at Fukushima – DaichiOn Friday, March 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck Japan about 231 miles (372 kilometers) northeast of Tokyo off the coast of Honshu Island. The earthquake led to the automatic shutdown of 11 reactors at four sites (Onagawa, Fukushima—Dai-ichi, Fukushima Dai-ni and Tokai) along the northeast coast. Diesel generators provided power until about 40 minutes later, when a tsunami, estimated to have exceeded 45 feet (14 meters) in height, appeared to have caused the loss of all power to the six Fukushima Dai-ichi reactors. These six reactors have received the majority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s attention.

Where nuclear technology is going



What Are the Types of Greenhouse Gases? Source: Environmental Protection Agency (Public Domain)The six greenhouse gases that are emitted in the United States are:

•Carbon dioxide (CO2) •Methane (CH4) •Nitrous oxide (N2O) •Industrial Gases:

•Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) •Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) •Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)








TO MITIGATE GLOBAL WARIMINGLETS TURN TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

TECHNOLOGIES

Right Click to pen LinkVideo on Distributed Generation


Wind Energy Power plant in Australia

Woolnorth ILocation: TASOperator: Hydro TasmaniaConfiguration: 6 X 1.75 MW V66Operation: 2002WTG supplier: Vestas Photograph courtesy of Hydro TasmaniaPosted 25 Jan 2004

Geothermal power plant in Philippines

Upper MahiaoLocation: PhilippinesOperator: CE GenerationConfiguration: 4 X 20 MW, 6 X 7 MWOperation: 1996T/G supplier: GE, OrmatEPC: Ormat Photograph courtesy of MidAmerican EnergyPosted 30 Apr 2003


MabjergLocation: DenmarkOperator: Elsam Kraft A/SConfiguration: 1 X 28 MWOperation: 1993Fuel: straw, wood, gas, refuseBoiler supplier: VolundT/G supplier: Allen Photograph courtesy of Babcock & Wilcox VolundPosted 28 Oct 2004

Biomass Power Plant in Denmark

Diesel and Gas power plant in Barbados Spring GardenLocation: Barbados

Operator: Barbados Light & Power CoConfiguration: 4 X 12.5 MW 12L55GFCA engines with 1 X 1.5 MW steam set, 2 X 30-MW 9K80MCS engines with 1 X 2 MW steam set,

2 X 20 MW steam, 1 X 17.5 MW Olympus GTOperation: 1969-2005

Fuel: heavy fuel oil, distillate, natural gasE/T/G supplier: Brush, MAN B&W, ASEA, Hyundai

Quick facts: Two of the 12.5-MW engines are in combined cycle with the 1.5-MW steam set from Peter Brotherhood while the two

30-MW engines are in combined-cycle with a 2-MW Shinko turbine. The new 30-MW machines were installed on an EPC basis by

Hyundai for about $60mn. The Olympus GT to be retired at the end of 2005.

Photograph courtesy of Barbados Light & Power Co LtdPosted 3 Jun 2005


Solar Powered – Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart McKinneyLocation: TX

Operator: Wal-MartConfiguration: 59 kWp PV

Operation: 2005System supplier: RWE Schott

Quick facts: This pilot installation for Wal-Mart has 5,500sqft of crystalline and thin film PV in five separate locations. Estimated annual output is approx 54 GWh.

Photograph courtesy of RWE Schott SolarPosted 24 Jul 2005

Solar ArkLocation: Japan

Operator: Sanyo Electric CoConfiguration: 630 kWp

Operation: 2002System supplier: Sanyo Electric

Quick facts: The Solar Ark is 315m long and weighs 3,000 tons. It includes 412 lighting units mounted between the solar panels, each with 51 red, green and blue LEDs. The entire system is computer-controlled and can create a variety of

images and characters. Photograph courtesy of Sanyo Electric CoPosted 11 Aug 2004

Solar Panel

Solar Ark in Japan


TreptowLocation: Berlin

Operator: Vattenfall EuropeConfiguration: 1 X 250 kW

Fuel: gas, methanolOperation: 2004FC supplier: MTU

Quick facts: This is the first high-temperature FC to use natural gas and methanol.

Photograph courtesy of MTUPosted 12 Mar 2005

Fuel Cell Power Plant in Germany

Gas and Oil Fired Power Plant in Uruguay

Jose Batlle y OrdonezLocation: Uruguay

Operator: UTEConfiguration: 2 X 50 MW, 1 X 88 MW, 1 X 125 MW

Operation: 1955-1975Fuel: fuel oil

Boiler supplier: B&W, Tosi, AnsaldoT/G supplier: BBC

Quick facts: Uruguay's only conventional steam-electric power plant.

Photograph courtesy of Admin Nac de Usinas y Trans Elec (UTE)Posted 7 Feb 2004 88Global Energy Overview

• Wind energy results from uneven heating of the atmosphere

• Wind resources vary greatly worldwide, even over a few miles

• Power is proportional to the wind speed cubed

Ref.: www.freefoto.com/pictures/general/ windfarm/index.asp?i=2

031006

WIND ENERGY


• Favorable California tax incentives resulted in major U.S. wind farms– Altamonte Pass– Tehachapi– San Gorgonio Pass

• Other turbines are located in Dakotas, Iowa, Texas, MA, Minnesota, NY, OR, PA, WA, WY, Iowa, Vermont, etc.

• Early Twentieth Century saw wind-driven water-pumps commonly used in rural America, but the spread of electricity lines in 1930s (REA) caused their decline

Wind Energy in Practice

www.nrel.gov/wind/usmaps.html031006


• Direct firing, cofiring, and gasification are forms of biopower

• Ethanol can be made from grain or soybeans, and methanol can be made from cellulose

• Liquid fuels are essential for transportation vehicles due to high energy density

• May be intentionally grown (coppicing; cut by “lawnmower on steroids”) such as poplar trees or might use waste byproducts

• Biomass satisfied 4% of energy demand in 1990

• Biomass can serve as a bridge from fossil fuels, although it is an inefficient producer of energy

Bioenergy (From Biomass)

www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/.../ re_renew_maps_bio_poten.htm

031028


Ocean Energy Synopsis

040212

Four Types:

Tidal FlowWave Energy

Ocean Thermal Energy ConverterOcean Current


Tidal Energy

050926

Tides are produced by gravitational forces of the moon and sun and the Earth’s rotation (24 hour, 50 minute period)

Existing and possible sites:

France: Rance River estuary 240 MW station

England: Severn River

Canada: Passamaquoddy in the Bay of Fundy (1935 attempt failed; not economically practical)

California: high potential along the northern coast; not likely to achieve acceptance

Environmental, economic, and esthetic aspects plus limited resources have delayed implementation


La Rance Tidal Barrageand the “Stingray” Oscillator

http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/01-02/RE_info/tidal1.htm94Global Energy Overview

Salter “ducks” rock up and down as the wave passes, oscillating to convert motion to electrical energyA Wavegen, wave-driven, air compressor or oscillating water column spins a Wells turbine to produce electricity regardless of air flow direction

Source: Wave Energy paper. IMechE, 1991 and European Directory of Renewable Energy (Suppliers and Services) 1991

Wave Energy

040212

Ref.: www.fujita.com/archive-frr/ TidalPower.html©1996 Ramage


Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion

040212

Hawaii has the research OTEC laboratory; funding ended in 1998

OTEC requires some 40°F temperature difference between the surface and deep waters to extract energy

Open-cycle plants vaporize warm water and condense it using the cold sea water, yielding potable water and electricity from turbine-driven alternators

Closed-cycle units evaporate ammonia at 78°F to drive a turbine and an alternator

Ref.: www.nrel.gov/otec/achievements.html96Global Energy Overview

Subsurface Gulf Stream currents of 4 to 5 knots can drive turbines to generate electricityThe equivalent of a waterproof wind turbine can be placed underwater to extract energyBlue Energy of Canada plans a prototype demonstration in the Second Quarter of 2004

Ocean Current Energy

040212

www.bluenergy.com/technology/ turbine.html



a new international agenda






TIME TO MOVE ON toChapter #2

Documents

1 2012 Introduction