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CST-092Beginning ComputerWindows Concepts

Lecture 1: Computer Concepts

Computer ConceptsGetting Started

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What is a Computer?

• A machine that computes.• An electronic system that

– accepts data,– processes data,– reports data, and– stores data.

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The Microcomputer

• Hardware– Physical components of a computer

system.

• Software– Programs or instructions that direct the

operations of the computer.

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• INPUT:– The method of getting information into

the computer.– The process of entering and translating

data into a form the computer can understand.

Information Processing Cycle

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Information Processing Cycle

• PROCESSING:– Performing a calculation or logical

operation on the information.– Turning raw data into meaningful

information.

3 + 4 = 7

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Information Processing Cycle

• OUTPUT:– The method of getting data out of the

computer.– Translating machine-readable code into

a form readable by humans.

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7The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.7

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Information Processing Cycle

• STORAGE:– Storing data for future use.

3 4 7 3 4 7

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INPUT --The KeyboardKeyboard

Indicator LightsEscape Key

Spacebar Typewriter Keys

Arrow Keys

Numeric Keypad

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INPUT --The KeyboardInsertBackspace

EnterDelete

Print ScreenTab

CapsLock

Alternate Keys

Shift Keys

Control Keys

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INPUT --The Mouse

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INPUT --The Mouse

Clicking Double-Clicking

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INPUT --The Mouse

Dragging

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INPUT --The Mouse

Right-Clicking

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Processing – The System Unit

• Main Memory• a.k.a. Primary Memory• a.k.a. RAM

RAM = Random Access Memory

Programs and Data are in RAM!

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BIT•Binary digIT -- Two Values: 0 & 1• Smallest piece of data that can be

recognized and used by a computer.

ON

OFF

= 1

= 0

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Byte•a group of 8 bits• can hold a character

– Alphabetic Letter (UPPER or lower case)– Numbers– Special Characters ($, @, !, (, *, ), &, etc.

ASCII• Code used in microcomputers• American Standard Code for

Information Interchange

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DELTA in 5 Bytes of RAM:

D 01000100

E 01000101

L 01001100

T 01010100

A 01000001

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 00 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

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Memory Measurements•Kilobyte

– 1K or 1Kb or 1KB = 1,000 bytes– (1,024 bytes)

• Megabyte– 1M or 1Mb or 1MB = 1,000,000 bytes– (1,048,576 bytes)

640K = 640,000 bytes

4M = 4,000,000 bytes

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Data and Software

are in RAM 3 4 7NUM1

NUM2 SUM

SUM = NUM1 + NUM2PROGRAM1

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Central Processing Unit - CPU

ArithmeticLogic Unit

ControlUnit

Arithmetic Logic Unit-ALU

•Arithmetic+ Addition- Subtraction* Multiplication/ Division

•Logic< Less Than> Greater Than= Equal

Control Unit

•Traffic Cop

•What’s Next?

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Output

The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7

The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7

The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7

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Auxiliary StorageSecondary Storage

DISKETTE

3.5”

1.44 Mb

HARD DISK

20 Mb to Billion+

100 Mb + + +

FLASH DRIVE F: or G: or…

C:A:

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Hardware Summary

OUTPUTINPUT

AuxiliaryStorage

CPUMain Memory

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SOFTWARE

HardwareSystem

SoftwareApplicationSoftware

USER

Systems Software

•Initializes Computer(BOOT)

•Interfaces with userand application

•Coordinates system resources

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RESU

SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

NOIT

CILPP

A

A

WO

WIN

D

SHW

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RESU

SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

NOIT

CILPP

A

A

WO

WIN

D

SHW

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Word Processing

A 10.0 400

B 20.0 300

C 30.5 200

D 40.0 100

Spreadsheet

Graphics

Database

DATA

Communications

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