Upload
chad-reynolds
View
227
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
2
CELLS ARE THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE HUMAN CELLS ARE THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE HUMAN BODYBODY SMALL BUSINESSESSMALL BUSINESSES
CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT JOBSCELLS HAVE DIFFERENT JOBS SPECIALIZE/DIFFERENTIATEDSPECIALIZE/DIFFERENTIATED PANCREATIC CELLS-INSULINPANCREATIC CELLS-INSULIN NEURONS-TRANSMIT SIGNALSNEURONS-TRANSMIT SIGNALS HEART CELLS-CONTRACT TO PUMP BLOODHEART CELLS-CONTRACT TO PUMP BLOOD
MANY DISEASES ARE CAUSED BY BREAKDOWNS IN THE MANY DISEASES ARE CAUSED BY BREAKDOWNS IN THE CELLCELL SOMETIMES CELL ALIVE BUT DAMAGEDSOMETIMES CELL ALIVE BUT DAMAGED SOMETIMES CELL DIES AND IS LOSTSOMETIMES CELL DIES AND IS LOST
BASIC PRINCIPLESBASIC PRINCIPLES
3
MANY DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CELL DAMAGE
OR LOSS
MANY DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CELL DAMAGE
OR LOSS
DIABETES-PANCREATIC CELLSDIABETES-PANCREATIC CELLS SPINAL CORD AND OTHER INJURIESSPINAL CORD AND OTHER INJURIES HEART FAILURE AND OTHER HEART FAILURE AND OTHER
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE-HEART MUSCLECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE-HEART MUSCLE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLSALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLS PARKINSON’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLSPARKINSON’S DISEASE-BRAIN CELLS RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-RETINAL CELLSRETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-RETINAL CELLS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-MUSCLEMUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-MUSCLE KIDNEY AND LIVER DISEASEKIDNEY AND LIVER DISEASE
4
BOTTLENECKS IN DISCOVERY OF NEW THERAPIES
BOTTLENECKS IN DISCOVERY OF NEW THERAPIES
SOURCES OF CELLS FOR CELL AND TISSUE SOURCES OF CELLS FOR CELL AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATIONTRANSPLANTATION
DEVELOPING NEW SAFE AND EFFECTIVE DEVELOPING NEW SAFE AND EFFECTIVE DRUGSDRUGS HUMAN TOXICITYHUMAN TOXICITY HUMAN EFFICACYHUMAN EFFICACY
INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMSDISEASE MECHANISMS
INDIVIDUAL PATTERNS OF DISEASE INDIVIDUAL PATTERNS OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG RESPONSEDEVELOPMENT AND DRUG RESPONSE
5
HOW CAN STEM CELLS HELP?HOW CAN STEM CELLS HELP?
WHAT ARE STEM CELLS?WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? CELLS THAT CAN DIVIDE TO GIVE RISE TO: CELLS THAT CAN DIVIDE TO GIVE RISE TO:
MORE STEM CELLSMORE STEM CELLS CELLS THAT CAN ADOPT SPECIALIZED JOBSCELLS THAT CAN ADOPT SPECIALIZED JOBS
WHY ARE STEM CELLS PROMISING?WHY ARE STEM CELLS PROMISING? THE RAW MATERIAL TO REPLACED THE RAW MATERIAL TO REPLACED
DAMAGED CELLS AND ORGANS?DAMAGED CELLS AND ORGANS? TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND AND COMBAT TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND AND COMBAT
DISEASEDISEASE TOOLS TO TEST AND DEVELOP NEW DRUGSTOOLS TO TEST AND DEVELOP NEW DRUGS
A NEW ENABLING TECHNOLOGY WITH A NEW ENABLING TECHNOLOGY WITH BROAD APPLICATION?BROAD APPLICATION?
6
HOW ARE PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS DERIVED?
HOW ARE PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS DERIVED?
SPERM
ZYGOTE(TOTIPOTENT)
BLASTOCYST FETUSFERTILIZATION
INNER CELL MASS(PLURIPOTENT)
EGG (OOCYTE)
ADAPTED FROM WWW.NIH.GOV/NEWS/STEMCELL/FIG3.GIF
ADULT
IMPLANTATIONINNER CELL MASS
PRIMORDIAL GERMCELLS
CULTURED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS (ES)EMBRYONIC GERM CELLS (EG)
IN THE LABORATORY IN THE UTERUS
7
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ARE PLURIPOTENT
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ARE PLURIPOTENT
CULTURED PLURIPOTENTSTEM CELLS
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
8
HUMAN NEURONS IN A DISH?HUMAN NEURONS IN A DISH?
DAPI B-tub III TH
9
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS?
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS? STRONG, RELIABLE, HIGHLY REPRODUCIBLE STRONG, RELIABLE, HIGHLY REPRODUCIBLE
DATA ESTABLISH PLURIPOTENCY (ALMOST 20 DATA ESTABLISH PLURIPOTENCY (ALMOST 20 YEARS OF DATA ON EXPERIMENTAL YEARS OF DATA ON EXPERIMENTAL ORGANISMS)ORGANISMS)
SOLID THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SOLID THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FOUNDATION TO:FOUNDATION TO: INDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED CELL TYPESINDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED CELL TYPES SOLVE REJECTION PROBLEMSOLVE REJECTION PROBLEM
CAN HAVE GOOD GROWTH PROPERTIESCAN HAVE GOOD GROWTH PROPERTIES PROMISING “PROOF OF PRINCIPLE” RESEARCHPROMISING “PROOF OF PRINCIPLE” RESEARCH
10
SOME EXISTING EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS
SOME EXISTING EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF PLURIPOTENT/EMBRYONIC STEM
CELLS PARTIAL REPAIR OF SPINAL CORD PARTIAL REPAIR OF SPINAL CORD
DAMAGE, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, AND DAMAGE, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE MODELS IN RATPARKINSON’S DISEASE MODELS IN RAT
SHORT-TERM RELIEF OF PARKINSON’S SHORT-TERM RELIEF OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN MONKEYSDISEASE SYMPTOMS IN MONKEYS
INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION TO INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION TO MUSCLE, NEURONS, PANCREATIC MUSCLE, NEURONS, PANCREATIC CELLS, BLOOD-FORMING STEM CELLSCELLS, BLOOD-FORMING STEM CELLS
STUDIES OF DISEASE MECHANISMSTUDIES OF DISEASE MECHANISM