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BEHAVIORAL SAFETY
by Ms. Zulekha Soorma
(HSE Advisor- Environmental Management Consultants)
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AgendaIntroduction
Development of BBS
The Incident Triangle
ABC Model of Behavior
The Safety Triad
At - risk Behaviors
Components of Safe Behavior
Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
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TYPICAL BEHAVIOURS
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Behavior
Any directly
measurable thing
that a person does,
including speaking,
acting, and
performing physical
functions
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Development of Behavioral Safety
Heinrich 1930’s – 88-90% of incidents at workplace were caused by unsafe acts
DuPont ‘s STOP program (Safety Training Observation Program)
Chevron’s POWER
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What is Behavioral Safety ?
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Behavioral Safety Reflects a proactive approach to
safety and health management
Reflects a proactive approach to injury prevention
Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention
Is an injury prevention process
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Principles of BehavioralSafety
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Principles of Behavioral Safety Focus intervention on
observable behavior
Look for external factors to understand/improve behaviors
Direct with activators and motivate with consequences
Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior
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Principles of Behavioral Safety
Apply the scientific method to improve intervention
Use theory to integrate information, not to limit possibilities
Design interventions with consideration of internal feelings and attitudes
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Incident Triangle
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The Incident Triangle
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10
30
600
3000 - 5000
Serious Injury
Minor Injury
Property/EquipmentDamage
Near Miss
Unsafe Acts
Measured /Reported
Not Measured Reported
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Key Components of Safe Behavior
Sense
Know
Plan , Act and Maintain
Look, Speak and Listen
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ABC Model of Behavior
Three elements :
Activator
is a person, place, thing, coming
before a behavior that encourages
you to perform that behavior
Behavior is something you can see a person doing
Consequence
are events that follow behaviors and
change the probability that they will
recur in future
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Activators
• Goals• Objectives• Priorities• Accountabilities• Policies/Procedures• Standards• Training/Education• Job aids such as checklists, flowcharts• Loss Prevention Guide• Pre-Job Safety Instruction
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Activators
• Always come before behavior
• Communicate information
• Consequences can also be
activators
•Prompt or activate behavior
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Behavior
• Any observable and measurable act
• Anything you can see a person do
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Consequences
• Events that follow behaviors and change the probability that they will recur in the future
• Have the greatest influence on behaviors
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Making Behavior a Habit
Consequences
InstructionsManualsProceduresFeedback
RecognitionRewardsPunishment+/- Reinforcement
85%
15%
Antecedents
Behavior
Feedback
Habit
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Respiratory Hazard Example - Compliance
Cigarette Smoking - Negative , Future, Uncertain
H2S Exposure – Negative , Immediate, Certain
Which is the better example for protection of the respiratory system ?
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Safety Award Example
Daily recognition from Superintendent /Foreman - Positive, immediate, certain.
Infrequent recognition from Superintendent / Foreman –
Positive, future, uncertain.
Which will result in the desired
behavior?
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Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety
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The Safety Triad
BEHAVIOR
ENVIRONMENT
PERSON
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Conscious behavior
Habitual behaviorUnintentional
behavior
BBS focuses on habitual and unintentional behavior
Types of At-risk Behavior
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At-risk behaviors that lead to serious injury or fatality
At-risk behaviors that could lead to serious injury or fatality
At-risk behaviors that lead to a large number of minor injuries or near misses
Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety
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At-risk behaviors that could contribute to a large number of injuries because many people perform a given task
Safe behaviors that need to occur consistently in order to prevent personal injury
Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety
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Implementation Phases of Behavioral Safety
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Assess the safety culture
Phase 1
Phase 3
Educate and train employees about the principles, tools and implementation strategies
Phase 2 Educate and train team leaders
Monitor the progress
Phase 4
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The Do It Process
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The Do It Process
Define behaviors
Observe behaviors
Intervene
Test the intervention
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Observation ChecklistDuPont STOP Card
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN
Why Behavioral Safety
Programs Fail
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BBS Programs Failure Lots of negative
feedback - policing Observations not
done as required Absence of
feedback to workers Introduced as a
“flavor of the month”
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Effectiveness of Behavioral Safety Programs
All members of the organization, from top management to the shop floor are fully engaged and supportive
The system is constantly maintained and is not seen as a one-off
The underpinning safety management systems and working environment are also fully maintained.
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The Journey to Excellence
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Thanks for your Attention