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Brief History of AIAugusta Ada (1815-1852) work on Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer.
Symbolic AI ANNs
19431950s
1956
1960s
19691970s
1980s
1990s
The beginning of symbolic AI (magnetic mouse & computer chess program)(Shannon, 1950)
MP model (McCulloch & Pitts)
Other models from MP(hardware / software)
Perceptron (Rosenblatt, 1957)Adaline (Widrow, 1962)……
Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI (McCarthy, Minsky, Shannon, and Rochester)
Dark age (1965-1970)
Dark age
“Perceptron” written by Minsky and shown that the model of perceptron can be used only in linear domains …
RenaissanceThe age of expert systems
Age of partnerships Renaissance of ANNGrossberg et al. (ART1, ART2)Rumelhart et al. (BP)Hecht-Nielsen (Counter-BP)Hinton (Boltzman machine)…..
The age of ANNCommercialization of symbolic AI
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Data
Information
Knowledge
Quantity
DegreeOf
Abstraction
Abstraction and quantity of data, information, and knowledge
Data are processed and organized as information. Information is then collected and abstracted as useful
resource (knowledge) for human beings to solve corresponding problems.
Low
High
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KnowledgeBase
KnowledgeBase
InferencingCapability
InferencingCapability
Computer
Inputs(Questions, Problems, etc)
Outputs(Answers, Alternative Solutions, etc.)
Applying AI Concepts with a Computer
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ExpertSystems
Machine Learning(ANN)