RDCH 702: Introduction
RFSS Lecture 1: Introduction Part 2Readings:Chart of the
nuclidesClass handoutTable of the isotopesModern Nuclear Chemistry:
Chapter
1http://radchem.nevada.edu/docs/course%20reading/Nuc%20&%20Radchem%203rd%20Ed%20Friedlander.pdfClass
organizationOutcomesGradingResourcesChart of the nuclides book
(bring to class everyday!)Electronic resourcesWeb pages, pdfs,
apps, programs, blogHistory of radiation researchChart of the
nuclides and Table of the isotopesDescription and use
DataRadiochemistry introductionAtomic propertiesNuclear
nomenclatureX-raysTypes of decaysForces (limit of course
instruction)
1-#Radiochemistry terms and conceptsRadiochemistryChemistry of
the radioactive isotopes and elementsUtilization of nuclear
properties in evaluating and understanding chemistryIntersection of
chart of the nuclides and periodic tableAtomZ and N in nucleus
(10-14 m)Electron interaction with nucleus basis of chemical
properties (10-10 m)Electrons can be excitedHigher energy
orbitalsIonizationBinding energy of electron effects
ionizationIsotopesSame Z different NIsobarSame A (sum of Z and
N)IsotoneSame N, different ZIsomerNuclide in excited state
99mTc
1-#1. decay (occurs among the heavier elements)2. - decay
3. Positron emission
4. Electron capture
5. Spontaneous fissionTypes of Decay
1-#Fission ProductsFission yield curve varies with fissile
isotope2 peak areas for U and Pu thermal neutron induced fission
Variation in light fragment peakInfluence of neutron energy
observed
235U fission yield
1-#Photon emissionGamma decayEmission of photon from excited
nucleusMetastable nuclide (i.e., 99mTc)Following decay to excited
daughter stateX-rayElectron from a lower level is removedelectrons
from higher levels occupy resulting vacancy with photon
emissionDe-acceleration of high energy electronsElectron
transitions from inner orbitalsX-ray productionBombardment of metal
with high energy electronsSecondary x-ray fluorescence by primary
x-raysRadioactive sourcesSynchrotron sources
1-#
X-raysRemoval of K shell electrons Electrons coming from the
higher levels will emit photons while falling to this K shellseries
of rays (frequency n or wavelength l) are noted as Ka, Kb, KgIf the
removed electrons are from the L shell, noted as La, Lb, Lg In 1913
Moseley studied these frequencies n, showing that:
where Z is the atomic number and, A and Z0 are constants
depending on the observed transition. K series, Z0 = 1, L series,
Z0 = 7.4.
1-#
Chart of the NuclidesPresentation of data on nuclidesInformation
on chemical elementNuclide informationSpin and parity (0+ for
even-even nuclides)Fission yieldStable isotopeIsotopic
abundanceReaction cross sectionsMassRadioactive
isotopeHalf-lifeModes of decay and energiesBeta disintegration
energiesIsomeric statesNatural decay seriesReaction cross
sectionsFission yields for isobars
1-#
Chart of the nuclides
1-#Chart of the nuclides
1-#Chart of the nuclides
1-#Chart of the Nuclide: Fission yields
1-#Fission yields
1-#Terms and decay modes: Utilization of chart of the
nuclidesIdentify the isomer, isobars, isotones, and isotopes60mCo,
57Co, 97Nb, 58Co, 57Ni, 57Fe, 59Ni, 99mTcIdentify the daughter from
the decay of the following isotopes210Po (alpha decay,
206Pb)196Pb204Bi (EC decay, 204Pb)209Pb222At212Bi (both alpha and
beta decay)208Pb (stable) How is 14C naturally producedReactions
with atmosphere (14N as target)Identify 5 naturally occurring
radionuclides with Z
