09 Jurisdiction Cases

8/17/2019 09 Jurisdiction Cases

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EN BANC

[A.C. No. 3135. February 17, 1988.]

MIGUEL CUENCO, Complainant , v. ON. MA!CELO B. FE!NAN, Respondent .

"#LLABU"

1. JUDICIAL ETHICS; JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT; MALPRACTICE; APPEARANCEAS COUNSEL IN THE LOWER COURT, NOT SUBSTANTIATED. — We have fo!"!o#h$!% $! #he &e'o&" of #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%* — a!" 'o)+a$!a!#Ce!'o ha* fa$e" #o +o$!# #o a!-#h$!% #he&e$! — #o $!"$'a#e #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!ha" a++ea&e" a* 'o!*e $! *'h +&o'ee"$!%* &e+&e*e!#a#$o! of $!*#$##e" he$& a!"'a$)a!# Fo!a#o Bo&&o)eo, ho a* &e+&e*e!#e" $! #ho*e +&o'ee"$!%*, a* ea&-a* 1/ Ja!a&- 1/0, 2- A##-. Ja! Le%ae Sa!'he3. M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! "$" e!#e& h$*a++ea&a!'e o! 4 A%*# 1/50 a* 'o!*e, $! 'oa2o&a#$o! $#h A##-. C&$*+$! Ba$3a*,

fo& 'a$)a!#* To)a* a!" A)e$a Bo&&o)eo $! S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R. The&e'o&", hoeve&, &evea* #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! $#h"&e a* *'h 'o!*e a* ea&-a* 1/ Fe2&a&- 1/57. The &e'o&"* of #h$* 'a*e a&e 2e&ef# of a!- *%%e*#$o! #ha# M&.

J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha" &e+&e*e!#e" a!- of #he*e $!*#$##e" he$&* $! a!- o#he& 'a*e o&+&o'ee"$!% a&$*$!% f&o) o& &ea#e" #o S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R. Co)+a$!a!#Ce!'o ha* *2)$##e" !o#h$!% a# a #o *++o h$* a''*a#$o! #ha# M&. J*#$'eFe&!a! 8'o!#$!e* #o 2e 'o!*e fo& #he $!*#$##e" he$&*.8 I# $* e!#$&e- 'ea& #ha# M&.

J*#$'e Fe&!a!9* +&ofe**$o!a $!vove)e!# $! S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R ha"'ea*e" o!% 2efo&e h$* a++o$!#)e!# #o #h$* Co $! A+&$ of 1/75.

:. ID.; ID.; ID.; EERTION OF PERSONAL INFLUENCE TOWARDS RESOLUTION OFCONSOLIDATED CASES; ACCUSATION NOT FULL< SUPPORTED B< E(IDENCE. — P&$o&#o #he a++o$!#)e!# of M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! #o #he Co, #he afo&e)e!#$o!e" =ve >0?'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!* ha" a&ea"- 2ee! a**$%!e" fo& +&e$)$!a&- *#"- #o M&. J*#$'eH%o E. @#$e&&e3, J&., #he +o!e!#e of #he "$*+#e" De'$*$o! $! @.R. No*. L61141,00, 5:7/0, 5717 a!" 50//0 a!" a Me)2e& #he! of #he Co* F$&*# D$v$*$o!.

The *2*ee!# "e*$%!a#$o! of M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! a* Cha$&)a! of #he Co* Th$&"D$v$*$o! a!" #he a**$%!)e!# of M&. J*#$'e @#$e&&e3 ao!% $#h #h&ee o#he& Me)2e&*of #he Co #o *a$" Th$&" D$v$*$o!, af#e& #he 1/74 Co!*#$##$o! e!# $!#o ee'#, e&e"e#e&)$!e" a!" 'a&&$e" o# 2- #he Ch$ef J*#$'e $! a''o&"a!'e $#h #he #$)e6ho!o&e" +&o'e"&e* fooe" 2- #he Co $! #ho*e )a##e&* a!" e&e, #h*,'$&')*#a!'e* of +&e 'o$!'$"e!'e. M&. J*#$'e @#$e&&e3 2&o%h# #he ($#o Bo&&o)eoe*#a#e 'a*e* >a!" a o#he& +e!"$!% 'a*e* +&ev$o*- a**$%!e" #o h$)? ao!% $#hh$) #o #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co he! #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! a* o&%a!$3e" $!a''o&"a!'e $#h +&o'e"&e* a%&ee" +o! 2- #he Co e! 2a!'. M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!$!h$2$#e" h$)*ef f&o) +a$'$+a#$!% $! #he "e$2e&a#$o!* o! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e'a*e* a!", $! fa'#, "$" !o# #ae +a $! #he &e*o#$o! #he&eof; #h$* a* )a"e e+$'$#2- #he a!!o#a#$o! a++ea&$!% 2e*$"e h$* *$%!a#&eG 8No +a —I a++ea&e" a* 'o!*efo& o!e of #he +a$e*.8 Th$* e+&e** *#a#e)e!# o! #he &e'o&" ha* 2ee! #o#a-$%!o&e" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o. Th*, !o# o!- ha* 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o fa$e" #o*2)$# a!-#h$!% a# a #o *++o h$* a''*a#$o! #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8ha" eee"+e&*o!a eo*8 #o have #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e 'a*e* a**$%!e" #o #he Th$&"


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D$v$*$o! 8#o e!a2e h$) #o $!e!'e #he o#'o)e8 #he&eof; 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o $**$)+- a!" 'ea&- &o!% $! 'ha&%$!% #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha" a!-#h$!% #o "o $#h#he a**$%!)e!# of #ho*e e*#a#e 'a*e* #o #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co. The &e'o&"$* 2a&e of a!- *%%e*#$o! #ha# 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o )a"e a!- eo #o $!fo&)h$)*ef o! #he +&o'e"&e* fooe" 2- #h$* Co $! 'o!*#$##$!% $#*ef $!#o #h&ee>&a#he& #ha! #o? D$v$*$o!*, 2efo&e )a$!% h$* a''*a#$o!.

. ID.; ID.; (IOLATION OF LAW:? of #he Co!*#$##$o!. P&e'$*e- #he *a)e*$#a#$o! e$*#* $! &e*+e'# of #he O)2"*)a! a!" h$* "e+#$e* >A$'e I K7 $!&ea#$o! #o A$'e I K:, $".?, a )ao&$#- of #he )e)2e&* of #he Co))$**$o! o!Ee'#$o!* >A$'e I KC K1 K1 $! &ea#$o! #o A$'e I K:, $".?, a!" #he )e)2e&* of#he Co))$**$o! o! A"$# ho a&e !o# 'e$=e" +2$' a''o!#a!#* >A$'e I KD K1K1, $".?, a of ho) a&e 'o!*#$##$o!a- &e$&e" #o 2e )e)2e&* of #he Ph$$++$!eBa&.

R E S O L U T I O N

PER CURIAM, +G'ha!&o21e* v$a 1a $2&a&-

I! a *o&! 'o)+a$!# "a#e" 1 O'#o2e& 1/74, 'o)+a$!a!# A##-. M$%e Ce!'o, afo&)e& Me)2e& of #he Ph$$++$!e Ho*e of Re+&e*e!#a#$ve* f&o) #he +&ov$!'e ofCe2, +&a-e" fo& "%)e!# o&"e&$!% #he "$*2a&)e!# of M&. J*#$'e Ma&'eo B. Fe&!a!,

Cha$&)a! of #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #h$* Co. The +e$!e!# fa'#* of #h$* 'a*e a&e a* foo*G'ha!&o21e* v$a 1a $2&a&-

O! 1 Ma&'h 1/0:, ($#o Bo&&o)eo "$e" $#ho# a!- fo&'e" he$&*, 2# eav$!% 2eh$!"e#e!*$ve +&o+e$e* *$#a#e" $! #he +&ov$!'e of Ce2. O! 1/ A+&$ 1/0:, a Pe#$#$o!fo& +&o2a#e >"o'e#e" a* S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R? of a o!e6+a%e "o')e!# —+&+oe"- #he a*# $ a!" #e*#a)e!# of #he "e'e"e!# — a* =e" $#h #he #he!Co of F$&*# I!*#a!'e of Ce2. Tho*e $!*#$##e" !"e& *a$" $ a* #he *oe he$&* of


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#he a#e ($#o Bo&&o)eo e&e Fo!a#o, To)a* a!" A)e$a, a *&!a)e" Bo&&o)eo.

O! :7 Ma- 1/5, #he +&o2a#e 'o &e!"e&e" a De'$*$o! "e'a&$!% #he $ #o 2e afo&%e&-. Tha# "e'$*$o! 2e'a)e =!a $! 1/54 af#e& 2e$!% a&)e" 2- #h$* Co $!

Te*#a#e E*#a#e of ($#o Bo&&o)eo. Jo*e H. J!e&a v. C&$*+$! Bo&&o)eo, E# A., 1/SCRA 505 K1/54. I! #he $!#e*#a'- +&o'ee"$!%* #ha# e!*e", !$!e >/? $!"$v$"a*

e&e "e'a&e" 2- #he #&$a 'o a* #he &$%h#f *''e**o&* #o #he "e'e"e!# ($#oBo&&o)eo9* e*#a#e.

D&$!% #he 'o&*e of #he $!#e*#a'- +&o'ee"$!%*, *eve&a +e#$#$o!* e&e =e" $#h #h$*Co 2- #he +a$e* $!vove" #he&e$!. The*e +e#$#$o!* a&eG @.R. No. L61141 >e!#$#e"8I!#e*#a#e E*#a#e of #he La#e ($#o Bo&&o)eo. Pa#&o'$!$o Bo&&o)eo6He&&e&a v.Fo!a#o Bo&&o)eo, E#. A.8?; @.R. No. 00 >e!#$#e" 8I! #he Ma##e& of #he E*#a#e of ($#o Bo&&o)eo, De'ea*e". P$a& N. Bo&&o)eo, E#. A. v. Fo!a#o Bo&&o)eo8?; @.R.No. 5:7/0 >e!#$#e" 8Jo*e Ce!'o Bo&&o)eo v. Co of A++ea*, E#. A.8?; @.R. No.5717 >e!#$#e" 8Do)$!%o A!#$%a, E#. A. v. Co of A++ea*, E#. A.8?; a!" @.R. No.50//0 >e!#$#e" 8Pe#&a Bo&&o)eo, E#. A. v. F&a!'$*'o P. B&%o*, e#'., E#. A.8?. The*e=ve >0? +e#$#$o!*, hav$!% e)a!a#e" f&o) a 'o))o! *o&'e a!" 2e$!% 'o*e-

$!#e&&ea#e", e&e *2*ee!#- 'o!*o$"a#e".

O! : J- 1/74, #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co, #h&o%h M&. J*#$'e H%o E.@#$e&&e3, J&., &e!"e&e" a De'$*$o! $! #he 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!*, #he "$*+o*$#$ve+o$o! of h$'h &ea"*G%'G'ha!&o2e*.'o).+h

8WHEREFORE, —

>1? I! @.R. No. 1141, #he o&"e& of #he &e*+o!"e!# "%e "a#e" De'e)2e& :, 1/4,"e'a&$!% #he &e*+o!"e!# e!#$#e" #o 0/ of #he e*#a#e of #he a#e ($#o Bo&&o)eo a!"#he o&"e& "a#e" J- 4, 1/40, "e!-$!% #he +e#$#$o!e&9* )o#$o! fo& &e'o!*$"e&a#$o! of#he afo&e)e!#$o!e" o&"e& a&e he&e2- SET ASIDE fo& 2e$!% NULL a!" (OID;

>:? I! @.R. No. 00, #he o&"e& of #he #&$a 'o "e'a&$!% #he a$ve& "o')e!#va$" $* he&e2- SET ASIDE;

>? I! @.R. No. 5717, #he +e#$#$o! $* he&e2- DENIED. The $**e $! #he "e'$*$o! of #heI!#e&)e"$a#e A++ea#e Co "$*a$f-$!% a!" o&"e&$!%, #he $!h$2$#$o! of J"%eF&a!'$*'o P. B&%o* f&o) fhe& hea&$!% S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R $* "e'a&e")oo# a!" a'a"e)$'. The "%e ho ha* #ae! ove& #he *aa of &e#$&e" J"%eF&a!'$*'o P. B&%o* *ha $))e"$a#e- 'o!"'# hea&$!%* $#h a v$e #o #e&)$!a#$!%#he +&o'ee"$!%*. I! #he eve!# #ha# #he *''e**o&6"%e $* $e$*e "$*a$=e", #heo&"e& of #he I!#e&)e"$a#e A++ea#e Co "$&e'#$!% #he Ee'#$ve J"%e of #heRe%$o!a T&$a Co of Ce2 #o &e6&ae #he 'a*e *ha 2e $)+e)e!#e";

>? I! @.R. No. 50//0, #he +e#$#$o! $* he&e2- @RANTED. The $**e *ee$!% #o &e*#&a$! J"%e F&a!'$*'o P. B&%o* f&o) fhe& a'#$!% $! @.R. No. 5717 $* MOOT a!"ACADEMIC;

>0? I! @.R. No. 5:7/0, #he #&$a 'o $* he&e2- o&"e&e" #o *+ee"$- #e&)$!a#e a!"'o*e S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R, *2e'# #o #he *2)$**$o! of a! $!ve!#o&- of#he &ea +&o+e$e* of #he e*#a#e a!" a! a''o!#$!% of #he 'a*h a!" 2a! "e+o*$#* 2-


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#he +e#$#$o!e&6a")$!$*#&a#o& of #he e*#a#e a* &e$&e" 2- #h$* Co $! $#* Re*o#$o!"a#e" J!e 10, 1/7; a!"

>5? The +o$o! of #he O&"e& of A%*# 10, 1/5/, *e%&e%a#$!% of #he )a&e#vae of #he e*#a#e f&o) h$'h a##o&!e-9* fee* *ha 2e #ae! a!" +a$" *ho" 2e, a*$# $* he&e2- DELETED. The a-e&* *ho" 'oe'# f&o) #he he$&*6"$*#&$2#ee* ho

$!"$v$"a- h$&e" #he), a##o&!e-9* fee* a''o&"$!% #o #he !a#&e of #he *e&v$'e*&e!"e&e" 2# $! a)o!#* h$'h *ho" !o# e'ee" )o&e #ha! : of #he )a&e#vae of #he +&o+e- #he a##e& a'$&e" f&o) #he e*#a#e a* 2e!e='$a&$e*.

SO ORDERED.8'&aa v$a1a $2&a&-

I! a Ma!$fe*#a#$o! "a#e" :: A%*# 1/74 a!" =e" $#h #h$* Co o! : A%*#1/74, 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o &ee*#e" #ha# he 2e %$ve! !#$ :: Se+#e)2e& 1/74$#h$! h$'h #o =e a )o#$o! fo& &e'o!*$"e&a#$o! of #he afo&e)e!#$o!e" "e'$*$o! $!#he 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!*. Th$* &ee*# a* %&a!#e" 2- #he Co* Th$&" D$v$*$o! $!a &e*o#$o! $**e" o! 15 Se+#e)2e& 1/74 $#h #he a&!$!%, hoeve&, #ha# !ofhe& e#e!*$o!* of #$)e o" 2e aoe". Co)+a$!a!#9* fo&)a Mo#$o! fo&

Re'o!*$"e&a#$o! a* +o*#e" o!- o! :7 Se+#e)2e& 1/74.

Mea!h$e, o! 1/ Nove)2e& 1/74, #he Co, *$##$!% e! 2a!' &e*ove", a)o!% o#he&#h$!%*, #o "$*)$** fo& a' of )e&$# A")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e& No. R60/6RTJ a!"A")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e& No. R654:6RTJ, =e" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o a!" N)e&$a!o E.E*#e!3o, &e*+e'#$ve-, a%a$!*# J"%e F&a!'$*'o P. B&%o*, #he fo&)e& #&$a "%e a##he ($#o Bo&&o)eo $!#e*#a#e e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%*.

Co)+a$!a!# Ce!'o, ho ha" &e+&e*e!#e" a %&o+ of he$&* $! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo$!#e*#a#e e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%*, )ae* #he foo$!% ae%a#$o!* $! h$* 'o)+a$!# fo&"$*2a&)e!#G

1. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!, $! C$v$ Ca*e No. R6455 =e" $#h B&a!'h III of #he #he!Co of F$&*# I!*#a!'e of Ce2, a++ea&e" a* 'o!*e fo& #he #h&ee >? $!*#$##e" he$&*>$.e., Fo!a#o, To)a* a!" A)e$a, a *&!a)e" Bo&&o)eo? a!" "e*+$#e hav$!%a&ea"- a''e+#e" h$* a++o$!#)e!# a* a! A**o'$a#e J*#$'e of #he Co, 8'o!#$!e* #o2e 'o!*e fo& #he $!*#$##e" he$&*;8

:. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8ha" eee" +e&*o!a eo* #o #ae aa- f&o) #heS+&e)e Co e! 2a!', #he F$&*# a!" Se'o!" D$v$*$o!* of #he T&$2!a, #he ($#oBo&&o)eo +&o'ee"$!%* #o h$* O'e a* Cha$&)a! of #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! #o e!a2e h$)#o $!e!'e #he "e'$*$o! o& #he o#'o)e of #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo +&o'ee"$!%*;8

. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8ha* o+e&a#e" h$* O'e $! Ce2 C$#- a* a S#a&6Cha)2e& #ofa2&$'a#e fae a!" ='#$#$o* he$&* of ($#o Bo&&o)eo,8 a! a'#$o! h$'h $ !o# o!-"$#e a!" "$)$!$*h #he "$*#&$2#$ve *ha&e* of 'o)+a$!a!#9* '$e!#*, 2# 8$ +&oo!%$!"e=!$#e- #he a%o!- of M$%e Ce!'o a!" J"%e Fe&!a!"o R$3 #o have #he$&a##o&!e-9* fee* +a$";8

. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha* 8+&a'#$'a- a2o$*he" a!" '&$++e" #he e%$#$)a#ef!'#$o!* of #he Co of A++ea* $! [email protected]. No. 7/, !o$!%- >*$'? #ha# #he'a$)* fo& a##o&!e-9* fee* of Mova!# M$%e Ce!'o a!" J"%e Fe&!a!"o R$3 a&e


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+e!"$!% $! #he Co of A++ea*,8 #he&e2- 8&e!"e& K$!% $)+o**$2e #he +a-)e!# ofM$%e Ce!'o9* a##o&!e-9* fee* fo& h$* *e&v$'e* &e!"e&e" #o #he ($#o Bo&&o)eoE*#a#e;8

0. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!9* 8*#&o!% a!" !-$e"$!% "e#e&)$!a#$o! #o 'oe'# 2$% *)*of )o!e- $! +a-)e!# of h$* e%a *e&v$'e* &e!"e&e" #o h$* '$e!#*8 ha" $!"'e" #he

Ho!o&a2e J*#$'e, a* Cha$&)a! of #he Co* Th$&" D$v$*$o!, #o !"- $!e!'e #heMe)2e&* #he&eof $!#o "$*)$**$!% A##-. Ce!'o9* 'o)+a$!# >A")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e&No. B60/6RTJ? a%a$!*# J"%e F&a!'$*'o P. B&%o*, #he! #he #&$a "%e $! #he$!#e*#a'- +&o'ee"$!%*, #he&e2- &e*&&e'#$!% #he 'a$) of #he #h&ee >? $!*#$##e"he$&* ove& #he #h$ee! >1? 'o))e&'$a o#* *2e'# of C$v$ Ca*e No. R6455; a!"

5. Tha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8ha" $f-, +e&*$*#e!#-, *#22o&!- a!" *-*#e)a#$'a-v$oa#e" h$* Oa#h of O'e a* a a-e& h$'h $)+o*e* +o! h$) #he "#- !o# #o"ea- a!- )a! fo& )o!e- o& )a$'e.8'&aa v$a1a $2&a&-

We =!" 'o)+a$!a!#9* 'ha&%e* a%a$!*# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 'o)+e#e- !*++oe"2- #he fa'#* a!" ev$"e!'e of &e'o&".

1. We have fo!" !o#h$!% $! #he &e'o&" of #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%* —a!" 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o ha* fa$e" #o +o$!# #o a!-#h$!% #he&e$! — #o $!"$'a#e #ha#M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha" a++ea&e" a* 'o!*e $! *'h +&o'ee"$!%* &e+&e*e!#a#$o! of$!*#$##e" he$& a!" 'a$)a!# Fo!a#o Bo&&o)eo, ho a* &e+&e*e!#e" $! #ho*e+&o'ee"$!%*, a* ea&- a* 1/ Ja!a&- 1/0, 2- A##-. Ja! Le%ae Sa!'he3. M&. J*#$'eFe&!a! "$" e!#e& h$* a++ea&a!'e o! 4 A%*# 1/50 a* 'o!*e, $! 'oa2o&a#$o! $#hA##-. C&$*+$! Ba$3a*, fo& 'a$)a!#* To)a* a!" A)e$a Bo&&o)eo $! S+e'$aP&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R. 1 The &e'o&", hoeve&, &evea* #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!$#h"&e a* *'h 'o!*e a* ea&- a* 1/ Fe2&a&- 1/57. : The &e'o&"* of #h$* 'a*ea&e 2e&ef# of a!- *%%e*#$o! #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha" &e+&e*e!#e" a!- of #he*e$!*#$##e" he$&* $! a!- o#he& 'a*e o& +&o'ee"$!% a&$*$!% f&o) o& &ea#e" #o S+e'$aP&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R. Co)+a$!a!# Ce!'o ha* *2)$##e" !o#h$!% a# a #o *++oh$* a''*a#$o! #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8'o!#$!e* #o 2e 'o!*e fo& #he $!*#$##e"he$&*.8 I# $* e!#$&e- 'ea& #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!9* +&ofe**$o!a $!vove)e!# $!S+e'$a P&o'ee"$!%* No. /156R ha" 'ea*e" o!% 2efo&e h$* a++o$!#)e!# #o #h$* Co$! A+&$ of 1/75.

:. P&$o& #o #he a++o$!#)e!# of M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! #o #he Co, #he afo&e)e!#$o!e"=ve >0? 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!* ha" a&ea"- 2ee! a**$%!e" fo& +&e$)$!a&- *#"- #oM&. J*#$'e H%o E. @#$e&&e3, J&., #he +o!e!#e of #he "$*+#e" De'$*$o! $! @.R. No*. L61141, 00, 5:7/0, 5717 a!" 50//0 a!" a Me)2e& #he! of #he Co* F$&*#D$v$*$o!. The *2*ee!# "e*$%!a#$o! of M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! a* Cha$&)a! of #heCo* Th$&" D$v$*$o! a!" #he a**$%!)e!# of M&. J*#$'e @#$e&&e3 ao!% $#h #h&eeo#he& Me)2e&* of #he Co #o *a$" Th$&" D$v$*$o!, af#e& #he 1/74 Co!*#$##$o! e!#$!#o ee'#, e&e "e#e&)$!e" a!" 'a&&$e" o# 2- #he Ch$ef J*#$'e $! a''o&"a!'e $#h#he #$)e6ho!o&e" +&o'e"&e* fooe" 2- #he Co $! #ho*e )a##e&* a!" e&e, #h*,'$&')*#a!'e* of +&e 'o$!'$"e!'e. M&. J*#$'e @#$e&&e3 2&o%h# #he ($#o Bo&&o)eoe*#a#e 'a*e* >a!" a o#he& +e!"$!% 'a*e* +&ev$o*- a**$%!e" #o h$)? ao!% $#hh$) #o #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co he! #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! a* o&%a!$3e" $!a''o&"a!'e $#h +&o'e"&e* a%&ee" +o! 2- #he Co e! 2a!'. M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!$!h$2$#e" h$)*ef f&o) +a$'$+a#$!% $! #he "e$2e&a#$o!* o! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e


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'a*e* a!", $! fa'#, "$" !o# #ae +a $! #he &e*o#$o! #he&eof; #h$* a* )a"e e+$'$#2- #he a!!o#a#$o! a++ea&$!% 2e*$"e h$* *$%!a#&eG 8No +a —I a++ea&e" a* 'o!*efo& o!e of #he +a$e*.8 Th$* e+&e** *#a#e)e!# o! #he &e'o&" ha* 2ee! #o#a-$%!o&e" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o. Th*, !o# o!- ha* 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o fa$e" #o*2)$# a!-#h$!% a# a #o *++o h$* a''*a#$o! #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 8ha" eee"+e&*o!a eo*8 #o have #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e 'a*e* a**$%!e" #o #he Th$&"

D$v$*$o! 8#o e!a2e h$) #o $!e!'e #he o#'o)e8 #he&eof; 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o $**$)+- a!" 'ea&- &o!% $! 'ha&%$!% #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha" a!-#h$!% #o "o $#h#he a**$%!)e!# of #ho*e e*#a#e 'a*e* #o #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co. The &e'o&"$* 2a&e of a!- *%%e*#$o! #ha# 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o )a"e a!- eo #o $!fo&)h$)*ef o! #he +&o'e"&e* fooe" 2- #h$* Co $! 'o!*#$##$!% $#*ef $!#o #h&ee>&a#he& #ha! #o? D$v$*$o!*, 2efo&e )a$!% h$* a''*a#$o!.

. The +&$!'$+a o++o*$!% +a$e* $! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo $!#e*#a#e e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%*a&e, o! #he o!e ha!", #he %&o+ of he$&* $!*#$##e" !"e& #he $! >$.e., Fo!a#o,

To)a* a!" A)e$a, a *&!a)e" Bo&&o)eo? a!", o! #he o#he& ha!", #he %&o+ ofhe$&* —a !)2e& of ho) a&e &e+&e*e!#e" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o —"e'a&e" a**'h 2- #he #&$a 'o *2*ee!# #o #he "e'a&a#$o! of !$#- of *a$" $. O!e of

#he )a$! &ea*o!* #ha# *a$" +&o'ee"$!%* ha" "&a%%e" o! fo& *'h a o!% +e&$o" of#$)e $* #ha# #he #h&ee >? $!*#$##e" he$&* ha" *o%h#, a* ea&- a* 1/0, #hee'*$o!, f&o) #he $!ve!#o&- of #he a#e ($#o Bo&&o)eo9* e*#a#e, of #h$ee! >1?+a&'e* of a!" ove& h$'h #he #h&ee 'a$)e" &$%h#* of o!e&*h$+, a!" h$'h &$%h#*'o!#$!e" #o 2e a**ee" a%a$!*# #he o#he& he$&*6'a$)a!#*. A* fa& a* #he &e'o&"**ho, #he&e a&e !o o#he& +e&*o!* 'a$)$!% *''e**$o!a &$%h#* a"ve&*e #o #ho*e ofe$#he& of #he #o )ao& %&o+* of he$&* $! #he $!#e*#a'- +&o'ee"$!%*.

($ee" $! #he $%h# of #he fo&e%o$!%, M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! 'o" !o# have, a* 'a$)e" 2-'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o, 8fa2&$'a#eK" fae a!" ='#$#$o* he$&* of ($#o Bo&&o)eo.8 TheCo $* !a2e #o *ee ho M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!, ho*e $!vove)e!# $! #he ($#oBo&&o)eo e*#a#e +&o'ee"$!%* 2e%a! o! 4 A%*# 1/50 a!" e!"e" o! 1/ Fe2&a&-1/57, 'o" have ha" a!- 'o!#&o o& $!e!'e ove& #he a'#$o!* of #he $!*#$##e"he$&* >Fo!a#o, To)a* a!" A)e$a Bo&&o)eo? e$#he& $! 1/0: he! S+e'$aP&o'ee"$!%* /156R fo& +&o2a#e of #he $ a*, o& $! 1/0 he! *a$" he$&* 'a$)e"&$%h#* of o!e&*h$+ ove& #he afo&e)e!#$o!e" #h$ee! >1? +a&'e* of a!" a!"*o%h# #o e'"e #he) f&o) #he e*#a#e of #he "e'e"e!#. We #h$! $# 'ea&, #ha#'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o a* he&e )a$!%, o!'e a%a$!, a #o#a- 2a*ee** a''*a#$o!h$'h he )a"e !o eo #o *++o a* he 'o" !o# *++o $#.

. The "$*+o*$#$ve +o$o! of o& De'$*$o! $! #he 'o!*o$"a#e" e*#a#e 'a*e* *#a#e* $!+aG%'G'ha!&o2e*.'o).+h

8. . . The a-e&* *ho" 'oe'# f&o) #he he$&*6"$*#&$2#ee* ho $!"$v$"a- h$&e"#he), a##o&!e-9* fee* a''o&"$!% #o #he !a#&e of #he *e&v$'e* &e!"e&e" 2# $!a)o!#* h$'h *ho" !o# e'ee" )o&e #ha! : of #he )a&e# vae of #he+&o+e- #he a##e& a'$&e" f&o) #he e*#a#e a* 2e!e='$a&$e*.8'&aa v$a1a$2&a&-

I# $* ev$"e!# #ha# #he 8e%$#$)a#e f!'#$o!*8 of #he Co of A++ea* $! [email protected]. No.7/ — he&e 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o ha* =e" a 'a$) fo& +a-)e!# of a##o&!e-9*fee* — have !o# 2ee! 8a2o$*he" a!" '&$++e"8 2- #he )e&e fa'# #ha# #he )a$))


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a)o!#*, e+&e**e" $! a +e&'e!#a%e of #he )a&e# vae of #he "$*#&$2#$ve *ha&e*&e'e$ve" f&o) #he e*#a#e, of a##o&!e-9* fee* ha" 2ee! "e#e&)$!e" a!" *e# 2- #h$*Co. Th$* $* a )a##e& e $#h$! #he 'o)+e#e!'e a!" a#ho&$#- of #he Co.Fhe&)o&e, #he Co $* !a2e #o *ee ho +a-)e!# of 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o9*a##o&!e-9* fee* fo& *e&v$'e* &e!"e&e" $! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo e*#a#e 'a*e ha* 2ee!8&e!"e&e" $)+o**$2e;8 h$e =!a *e##e)e!# of #he "e'e"e!#9* e*#a#e )a- have #o

2e aa$#e", +a-)e!# of *'h fee* )a- !evehee** 2e e+e'#e" $! "e 'o&*e.

0. I! A")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e& No. R60/6RTJ, 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o 'ha&%e" J"%eF&a!'$*'o P. B&%o*, fo&)e& #&$a "%e $! #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo $!#e*#a#e e*#a#e+&o'ee"$!%*, $#h 8%&o** $!'o)+e#e!'e a!" )a!$fe*# !e%$%e!'e8 fo& ae%e"-hav$!% $!#e!#$o!a- "ea-e" *e##e)e!# of #he e*#a#e of #he a#e ($#o Bo&&o)eo. I!a! E! Ba!' Re*o#$o! "a#e" 1/ Nove)2e& 1/74, #h$* Co, hav$!% fo!" #ha# #he"ea- 'o)+a$!e" of a* 'a*e" 2- *eve&a fa'#o&* 2e-o!" #he 'o!#&o of&e*+o!"e!# "%e, "$*)$**e" #ha# 'o)+a$!# fo& a' of )e&$#. The Co $*'o)+e#e- !a2e #o !"e&*#a!" #he 'a$) of 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o #ha# "$*)$**a ofA")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e& No. R60/6RTJ, ha* 8&e*&&e'#e", &eve!a#e" a!"&e$!v$%o&a#e"8 #he 'a$)* of #he #h&ee >? $!*#$##e" he$&* >Fo!a#o, To)a* a!"

A)e$a Bo&&o)eo? ove& #he afo&e)e!#$o!e" #h$ee! >1? +a&'e* of a!". The Co$* a*o 2ae" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o9* a**e$o! #ha# *'h "$*)$**a 8ha* a %&ea#)o!e- vae $! $#*ef8 a!" o" &e*# $! 8#he 2$% $!'&ea*e of a**e#* of #he ($#oBo&&o)eo E*#a#e.8 A* +o$!#e" o# a2ove, 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o9* 'o)+a$!# $! A.M.No. R60/6RTJ a* "$*)$**e" 2- a Re*o#$o! of #he Co e! 2a!', !o# of #he Th$&"D$v$*$o! a* Ce!'o a++a&e!#- 2e$eve*. I! a!- 'a*e, #he Me)2e&* of #he Th$&"D$v$*$o! of #he Co e+&e**- &ee'# 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o9* a**e$o! o& $!*$!a#$o!#ha# #he- e&e !"- $!e!'e" 2- a!- 'o!*$"e&a#$o! o#he& #ha! #he *$)+e a' of)e&$# of #he 'o)+a$!# $! A.M. No. R60/6RTJ.

5. The&e $* !o#h$!% $! #he &e'o&", o#he& #ha! #he !"o')e!#e" a**e$o!* of'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o, #ha# o" *%%e*# #ha# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! ha* v$oa#e" h$*oa#h of o'e a* a a-e& e$#he& "&$!% #he #$)e he! he a* 'oa2o&a#$!% 'o!*efo& To)a* a!" A)e$a Bo&&o)eo $! #he +&o'ee"$!%* 2eo o& #he&eaf#e&, a!" *$!'e

o$!$!% #h$* Co. Co)+a$!a!# Ce!'o ha* oe&e" !o# a *h&e" of ev$"e!'e #o*++o h$* *e&$o* a''*a#$o!* a%a$!*# M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!. I!"ee", 'o)+a$!a!#Ce!'o $* e$#he& !aa&e of #he *e&$o*!e** of #he 'ha&%e* he )a"e a%a$!*# M&.

J*#$'e Fe&!a!, o& 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o, $f he $* aa&e of #he !a#&e of #he 'ha&%e* heha* 2&o%h#, ha* a'#e" $#h 2a" fa$#h.

Of h$* o! a''o&", M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! )a"e a *#a#e)e!# #o #he Co e! 2a!' a!"e)2o"$e" #ha# $! a Me)o&a!") %$ve! #o #he Me)2e&* of #he Co o! 14De'e)2e& 1/74. I! #h$* Me)o&a!"), M&. J*#$'e Fe&!a! $!v$#e" a##e!#$o! #o h$*&$##e! A++ea&a!'e a!" Mo#$o! #o W$#h"&a a* Co!*e >a&ea"- &efe&&e" #o a2ove?a!" *#&e**e" #ha# he ha" 'ea*e" a o!% #$)e a%o #o a'# a* 'o!*e fo& #he #oBo&&o)eo* )e!#$o!e" ea&$e& a!" #ha# he "$" !o# $! a!- a- #ae +a $! #he"e$2e&a#$o!* a!" "e'$*$o! of @.R. No*. 1141, e#'.

B- a #ee%&a) "a#e" 5 Ja!a&- 1/77, 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o a*e" fo& eave #o =e a8Ca&$='a#o&- Me)o&a!") 2a*e" o! o'$a 'o &e'o&"* a&ea"- =e" $! S+&e)eCo 2efo&e a!" af#e& Ho!o&a2e Fe&!a! a* a++o$!#e" J*#$'e of #he S+&e)eCo —8 2- : Fe2&a&- 1/77. B- a Re*o#$o! "a#e" 1 Ja!a&- 1/77, #he Co


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%&a!#e" 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o eave #o =e a 8Ca&$='a#o&- Me)o&a!")8 $#h$! a!o!6e#e!"$2e +e&$o" of #e! >1? "a-* f&o) !o#$'e #he&eof. Co)+a$!a!# Ce!'o&e'e$ve" a 'o+- of #h$* Re*o#$o! of #he Co o! :5 Ja!a&- 1/77. To "a#e, !o)e)o&a!") ha* 2ee! =e" 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o. O! 0 Fe2&a&- 1/77, #heCo &e'e$ve" #he foo$!% #ee%&a) f&o) 'o)+a$!a!#Ce!'oG%'G'ha!&o2e*.'o).+h

8Re'e$ve" UST Ho*+$#a #o K*$' &e*o#$o!* S.C. E! Ba!' 'o))a =&*# &e*o#$o!%$v$!% )e Fe2&a&- =ve =e 'a&$='a#o&- )e)o&a!") a!" *e'o!" *e##$!% Fe2&a&-#e!#-6fo& =e )e)o&a!") *#o+ a-e +&efe& Fe2&a&- #e!#-6fo& =e)e)o&a!") +a&a%&a+h )e)o&a!") ae'#* Sa" Bo&&o)eo a!" A*!'$o!Bo&&o)eo *$%!e&* J"%e La-a9* o&"e& of A%*# 10, 1/5/ h$'h $* &e* "$'a#a'o))a "$e" o!% #$)e a%o +a&a%&a+h Ma&'$a Bo&&o)eo *$%!e& J"%e La-a9* o&"e&"$e" o!% #$)e a%o 'o))a 2- a%&ee)e!# of +a$e* a++&ove" 2- J"%e @o)e3*2*#$##e" 2- he$&* of Ma&'$a Bo&&o)eo *e)$'oo! Co*)e Bo&&o)eo o!e of Ma&'$aBo&&o)eo9* he$&* &e+oe" "ea" $v$!% 'h$"&e! *#o+ a-e 'a!!o# &e)e)2e& !a)e* ofo!e of #o "a%h#e&* of Ma&'$a Bo&&o)eo *#o+ a) 'o!="e!# S+&e)e Co E!Ba!' ee&'$*$!% $!he&e!# +oe& 'a! o&"e& *2*#$##$o! !e +a$e* %$ve #he) "e

+&o'e** *#o+ $# 'a! a*o $**e +&o+e& o&"e&* have 'o&&e'# !a)e* of Ma&'$a Bo&&o)eo"a%h#e&* a-e 'a!!o# &e)e)2e& *#o+ )- +&efe&e!'e* fo& Fe2&a&- : "ea"$!e $*"e a-e ha" !o# #-+$*# "&$!% Ja!a&- 17 ee'#$o! o!% ho$"a-* *#o+ )-ho*+$#a$3a#$o! a*o "ea-* )- e%a o& *#o+ )a!- #ha!*.8'&aa v$a1a$2&a&-

F&o) #he a2ove o#e" #ee%&a) >#o #he e#e!# #he Co 'a! !"e&*#a!" $#?, $#a++ea&* #ha# 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o 2e$eve* #ha# he $* +&e+a&$!% a )e)o&a!")a""&e**$!%, !o# #he a")$!$*#&a#$ve 'ha&%e* he ha* +&efe&&e" a%a$!*# M&. J*#$'eFe&!a!, 2# &a#he& #he )e&$#* of #he 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!* $! @.R. No*. L61141, e#'.

The&e a++ea&* !o &ea*o! #he&efo&e h- #he Co *ho" e!#ea$! #h$* *e'o!"&ee*# of 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o.

The Co 'o" have "$*)$**e" o#&$%h# #he 'o)+a$!# of M&. Ce!'o, *$!'e #heCo 'o" have *$)+- #ae! "$'$a !o#$'e of #he &e'o&" of #he 'o!*o$"a#e"+e#$#$o!* =e" 2efo&e #he Co a!" *$!'e #he o#he& 'ha&%e* )a"e &ea#e #o )a##e&*+e'$a&- $#h$! #he !oe"%e of Me)2e&* of #he Th$&" D$v$*$o! of #he Co. TheCo ha*, !evehee**, %o!e $!#o *2*#a!#$a "e#a$ $! "ea$!% $#h #he a''*a#$o!**o f&ee- )a"e 2- 'o)+a$!a!# Ce!'o, a++a&e!#- $! h$* 'o!'e&! ove& #he a)o!#of #he a##o&!e-9* fee* he 'a! ho+e #o 'a$) a!" 'oe'# f&o) *o)e of #he"$*#&$2#ee* of #he ($#o Bo&&o)eo E*#a#e. The Co ha* "o!e *o +&e'$*e- 2e'a*e#he +e&*o! 'ha&%e" $* a Me)2e& of #h$* Co. The &e'o&" of #h$* 'a*e *%%e*#**#&o!%-, hoeve&, #ha# #ho*e a''*a#$o!* e&e !o# o!- $!*#$##e" $#ho# a!- 2a*$*2# e&e a*o )a"e &e'e**- $#ho# &e%a&" fo& #he %oo" !a)e a!" &e+#a#$o! ofM&. J*#$'e Fe&!a!. I!"ee", #ho*e 'ha&%e* - $! #he fa'e of #he &e'o&" $#*ef, h$'h'o)+a$!a!# ha* 'a*a- 'ho*e! #o $%!o&e.

The&e $* a!o#he& &ea*o! h- #he 'o)+a$!# fo& "$*2a&)e!# he&e )*# 2e "$*)$**e".Me)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co )*#, !"e& A$'e (III >4? >1? of #he Co!*#$##$o!,2e )e)2e&* of #he Ph$$++$!e Ba& a!" )a- 2e &e)ove" f&o) o'e o!- 2-$)+ea'h)e!# >A$'e I K:, Co!*#$##$o!?. To %&a!# a 'o)+a$!# fo& "$*2a&)e!# of aMe)2e& of #he Co "&$!% #he Me)2e&9* $!')2e!'-, o" $! ee'# 2e #o


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'$&')ve!# a!" he!'e #o &! afo of #he 'o!*#$##$o!a )a!"a#e #ha# Me)2e&* of#he Co )a- 2e &e)ove" f&o) o'e o!- 2- $)+ea'h)e!# fo& a!" 'o!v$'#$o! of'ea$! oe!*e* $*#e" $! A$'e I >:? of #he Co!*#$##$o!. P&e'$*e- #he *a)e*$#a#$o! e$*#* $! &e*+e'# of #he O)2"*)a! a!" h$* "e+#$e* >A$'e I K7 $!&ea#$o! #o A$'e I K:, $".?, a )ao&$#- of #he )e)2e&* of #he Co))$**$o! o!Ee'#$o!* >A$'e I KC K1 K1 $! &ea#$o! #o A$'e I K:, $".?, a!" #he )e)2e&* of

#he Co))$**$o! o! A"$# ho a&e !o# 'e$=e" +2$' a''o!#a!#* >A$'e I KD K1K1, $".?, a of ho) a&e 'o!*#$##$o!a- &e$&e" #o 2e )e)2e&* of #he Ph$$++$!eBa&.

ACCORDIN@L


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IN !E A++LICABILI$# OF "EC$ION15, A!$ICLE II OF $ECON"$I$U$ION $OA++OIN$MEN$" $O $E &U%ICIA!#,E"$ELI$O +. MEN%O/A,

Pe#$#$o!e&, 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

&ON G. +E!AL$A, Pe#$#$o!e&,

6 versus 6 &U%ICIAL AN% BA! COUNCIL '&BC(. Re*+o!"e!#. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6+E$E! I!ING CO!E!A0 C!I"$IAN !OBE!$ ". LIM0 ALFON"O . $AN, &!.0 NA$IONAL UNION OF +EO+LE"LA#E!"0 MA!LOU B. UBANO0 IN$EG!A$E% BA! OF $E+ILI++INE"2%AAO %EL "U!CA+$E!, rere4e)e* by 64

Ie*6ae +a4 +re46*e), A$$#.I"!AELI$O +. $O!!EON, a)* eaer 6) 64 o:) er4o)a ;aa;6ya4 a MEMBE! o< e +ILI++INEBA!0 MI$CELL &ON L. BOI"E!0 BAGONG AL#AN"ANG BA#AN'BA#AN( CAI!MAN %!. CA!OLINA+. A!AULLO0 BA#AN "EC!E$A!#GENE!AL !ENA$O M. !E#E", &!.0

CONFE%E!A$ION FO! UNI$#,!ECOGNI$ION AN% A%ANCE2MEN$ OF GOE!NMEN$EM+LO#EE" 'COU!AGE(CAI!MAN FE!%INAN% GAI$E0=ALI+UNAN NG %AMA#ANGMAII!A+ '=A%AMA#("EC!E$A!# GENE!AL GLO!IAA!ELLANO0 AL#AN"A NG

A.M. No. 12-252"C

G.!. No. 1911>9


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NAG=A=AI"ANG =ABA$AAN NG"AMBA#ANAN +A!A "A=AUNLA!AN 'ANA=BA#AN(CAI!MAN =EN LEONA!% !AMO"0$A#O ANG +AG2A"A CONENO!ALIN +E$E!"0 LEAGUE OFFILI+INO "$U%EN$" 'LF"(CAI!MAN &AME" MA!= $E!!#LACUANAN !I%ON0 NA$IONALUNION OF "$U%EN$" OF $E+ILI++INE" 'NU"+( CAI!MANEIN"$EIN !ECE%E"0 COLLEGEE%I$O!" GUIL% OF $E+ILI++INE" 'CEG+( CAI!MANI&AE AL?UI"OLA0 a)* "$U%EN$C!I"$IAN MOEMEN$ OF $E+ILI++INE" '"CM+( CAI!MANMA. C!I"$INA ANGELA GUEA!!A0 AL%EN F. BELLO a)* LO!E$$AANN +. !O"ALE"0 OMEN $!IAL LA#E!"O!GANI/A$ION OF $E+ILI++INE", rere4e)e* by #OLAN%A ?UI"UMBING2 &AELLANA0 BELLE/A ALO&A%O%EMAI"I+0 $E!E"I$A GAN%IONCO2OLE%AN0 MA. E!ENA =A"ILAG2

ILLANUEA0 MA!IL#N "$A.!OMANA0 LEONILA %E &E"U"0 a)*GUINEE!E %E LEON.I!#e&ve!o&*. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6A$$#. AMA%O! /. $OLEN$INO, &!.,'IB+Gover)or"ouer) Lu@o)(, a)*A$$#. !OLAN% B. IN$ING'IB+ Gover)orEa4er) 64aya4(,Pe#$#$o!e&*,

- versus -

&U%ICIAL AN% BA! COUNCIL '&BC(,Re*+o!"e!#. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 +ILI++INE BA! A""OCIA$ION,INC.,Pe#$#$o!e&,

G.!. No. 1913>-


12/120

- versus -

&U%ICIAL AN% BA! COUNCIL a)*E! ECELLENC# GLO!IAMACA+AGAL2A!!O#O,Re*+o!"e!#*.

G.!. No. 191>- P&e*e!#G

PUNO, C.J.,CARPIO,CORONA,CARPIO MORALES,(ELASCO, JR.,NACHURA,LEONARDO6DE CASTRO,BRION,PERALTA,BERSAMIN,DEL CASTILLO,ABAD,(ILLARAMA, JR.,PEREQ, a!"MENDOQA, JJ. P&o)%a#e"GMa&'h 14, :1

66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666

% E C I " I O N

BE!"AMIN, J. The 'o)+*o&- &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e Re-!a#o S. P!o 2- Ma- 14, :1 o''&* *# "a-* af#e& #he 'o)$!% +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!* o! Ma- 1, :1. Eve! 2efo&e #heeve!# a'#a- ha++e!*, $# $* %$v$!% &$*e #o )a!- e%a "$e))a*. Ma- #he $!')2e!#P&e*$"e!# a++o$!# h$* *''e**o&, 'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II >Ee'#$veDe+a)e!#? of #he Co!*#$##$o! +&oh$2$#* #he P&e*$"e!# o& A'#$!% P&e*$"e!# f&o))a$!% a++o$!#)e!#* $#h$! #o )o!#h* $))e"$a#e- 2efo&e #he !e# +&e*$"e!#$aee'#$o!* a!" + #o #he e!" of h$* #e&), e'e+# #e)+o&a&- a++o$!#)e!#* #oee'#$ve +o*$#$o!* he! 'o!#$!e" va'a!'$e* #he&e$! $ +&e"$'e +2$' *e&v$'eo& e!"a!%e& +2$' *afe#- Wha# $* #he &eeva!'e of Se'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III>J"$'$a De+a)e!#? of #he Co!*#$##$o!, h$'h +&ov$"e* #ha# a!- va'a!'- $! #he

S+&e)e Co *ha 2e =e" $#h$! / "a-* f&o) #he o''&&e!'e #he&eof, #o #he)a##e& of #he a++o$!#)e!# of h$* *''e**o& Ma- #he J"$'$a a!" Ba& Co!'$ >JBC?&e*)e #he +&o'e** of *'&ee!$!% #he 'a!"$"a#e* !o)$!a#e" o& 2e$!% 'o!*$"e&e" #o*''ee" Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o, a!" *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o #he $!')2e!#P&e*$"e!# eve! "&$!% #he +e&$o" of #he +&oh$2$#$o! !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (IIDoe* mandamus $e #o 'o)+e #he *2)$**$o! of #he *ho$*# of !o)$!ee* 2- #he

JBC

+re;4 o< e Co)4o6*ae* Ca4e4


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Pe#$#$o!e&* A&o M. De Ca*#&o a!" Joh! @. Pe&a#a &e*+e'#$ve- 'o))e!'e"

@.R. No. 1/1:K1 a!" @.R. No. 1/11/K: a* *+e'$a '$v$ a'#$o!*fo& certioraria!" mandamus, +&a-$!% #ha# #he JBC 2e 'o)+ee" #o *2)$# #o #he$!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# #he $*# of a# ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee* fo& #he +o*$#$o! of #he !e#Ch$ef J*#$'e.

I! @.R. No. 1/1:,K Ja$)e N. So&$a!o, via h$* +e#$#$o! fo& +&oh$2$#$o!,

+&o+o*e* #o +&eve!# #he JBC f&o) 'o!"'#$!% $#* *ea&'h, *ee'#$o! a!" !o)$!a#$o!+&o'ee"$!%* fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e.

I! @.R. No. 1/104, a *+e'$a '$v$ a'#$o! fo& mandamus,K #he Ph$$++$!e

Co!*#$##$o! A**o'$a#$o! >PHILCONSA? a!#* #he JBC #o *2)$# $#* $*# of !o)$!ee*fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #o 2e va'a#e" 2- Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o +o! h$*&e#$&e)e!# o! Ma- 14, :1, 2e'a*e #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $* !o# 'ove&e" 2- #he+&oh$2$#$o! #ha# a++$e* o!- #o a++o$!#)e!#* $! #he Ee'#$ve De+a)e!#. I! A")$!$*#&a#$ve Ma##e& No. 16:606SC,K0 +e#$#$o!e& E*#e$#o M. Me!"o3a, a fo&)e&

So$'$#o& @e!e&a, *ee* a &$!% f&o) #he Co fo& #he %$"a!'e of #he JBC o!he#he& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II a++$e* #o a++o$!#)e!#* #o #he J"$'$a&-. I! @.R. No. 1/1:,K5 h$'h #he Co 'o!*o$"a#e" o! Ma&'h /, :1 $#h #he+e#$#$o!* ea&$e& =e", +e#$#$o!e&* A)a"o& Q. Toe!#$!o, J&. a!" Roa!" B. I!#$!%,I!#e%&a#e" Ba& of #he Ph$$++$!e* >IBP? @ove&!o&* fo& So#he&! L3o! a!" Ea*#e&!($*a-a*, &e*+e'#$ve-, a!# #o e!o$! a!" &e*#&a$! #he JBC f&o) *2)$##$!% a $*# of !o)$!ee* fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #o #he P&e*$"e!# fo& a++o$!#)e!# "&$!%#he +e&$o" +&ov$"e" fo& $! Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II. A #he +e#$#$o!* !o 2efo&e #he Co +o*e a* #he +&$!'$+a e%a e*#$o! he#he&#he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# 'a! a++o$!# #he *''e**o& of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o +o! h$*&e#$&e)e!#. Tha# e*#$o! $* !"o2#e"- $)+&e**e" $#h #&a!*'e!"e!#a $)+oa!'e#o #he Na#$o!, 2e'a*e #he a++o$!#)e!# of #he Ch$ef J*#$'e $* a!- P&e*$"e!#* )o*#$)+oa!# a++o$!#)e!#.

A +&e'e"e!# f&ee!#- '$#e" $* In Re Appointments Dated March 30, 1998 o !on. Mateo A. "a#en$ue#a and !on. %#acido &. "a##arta as Jud'es o the Re'iona# (ria#Court o &ranch )*, &a'o Cit+ and o &ranch *, Caanatuan Cit+,respective#+ >"a#en$ue#a?,K4 2- h$'h #he Co he" #ha# Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II+&oh$2$#e" #he ee&'$*e 2- #he P&e*$"e!# of #he +oe& #o a++o$!# #o "$'$a +o*$#$o!*"&$!% #he +e&$o" #he&e$! =e".

I! @.R. No. 1/1:, De Ca*#&o *2)$#* #ha# #he 'o!$'#$!% o+$!$o!* o! #he$**e e+&e**e" 2- e%a )$!a&$e* o!e *$"e ho"* #ha# #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $*+&oh$2$#e" f&o) )a$!% a++o$!#)e!#* $#h$! #o )o!#h* $))e"$a#e- 2efo&e #he'o)$!% +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!* a!" !#$ #he e!" of he& #e&) of o'e a* P&e*$"e!# o!

J!e , :1, h$e #he o#he& $!*$*#* #ha# #he +&oh$2$#$o! a++$e* o!- #oa++o$!#)e!#* #o ee'#$ve +o*$#$o!* #ha# )a- $!e!'e #he ee'#$o! a!", a!-a-,+a&a)o!# !a#$o!a $!#e&e*# *#$=e* #he a++o$!#)e!# of a Ch$ef J*#$'e "&$!% #heee'#$o! 2a! ha* $)+ee" #he JBC #o "efe& #he "e'$*$o! #o ho) #o *e!" $#* $*# of a#ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee*, he#he& #o #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# o& #o he& *''e**o&. K7 He

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn1


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o+$!e* #ha# #he JBC $* #he&e2- a&&o%a#$!% !#o $#*ef #he "$'$a f!'#$o! #ha# $* !o#'o!fe&&e" +o! $# 2- #he Co!*#$##$o!, h$'h ha* $)$#e" $# #o #he #a* of &e'o))e!"$!% a++o$!#ee* #o #he J"$'$a&-, 2# ha* !o# e)+oe&e" $# #o =!a-&e*ove 'o!*#$##$o!a e*#$o!*, h$'h $* #he +oe& ve*#e" o!- $! #he S+&e)eCo !"e& #he Co!*#$##$o!. A* *'h, he 'o!#e!"* #ha# #he JBC a'#e" $#h %&avea2*e of "$*'&e#$o! $! "efe&&$!% #he *2)$**$o! of #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o #he

P&e*$"e!#; a!" #ha# a =!a a!" "e=!$#$ve &e*o#$o! of #he 'o!*#$##$o!a e*#$o!*&a$*e" a2ove o" "$*e >sic? #he #e!*$o! $! #he e%a 'o))!$#- #ha# o" %o ao!% a- #o ee+ a!" )a$!#a$! *#a2$$#- $! #he "$'$a&- a!" #he +o$#$'a *-*#e).K/

I! @.R. No. 1/1:, So&$a!o oe&* #he v$e #ha# #he JBC 'o))$##e" a %&ave

a2*e of "$*'&e#$o! a)o!#$!% #o a' o& e'e** of $#* &$*"$'#$o! he! $# &e*ove"!a!$)o*- o! Ja!a&- 17, :1 #o o+e! #he *ea&'h, !o)$!a#$o!, a!" *ee'#$o!+&o'e** fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #o *''ee" Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o, 2e'a*e #hea++o$!#$!% a#ho&$#- fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e $* #he S+&e)e Co $#*ef, #heP&e*$"e!#* a#ho&$#- 2e$!% $)$#e" #o #he a++o$!#)e!# of #he Me)2e&* of #heS+&e)e Co. He!'e, #he JBC *ho" !o# $!#e&ve!e $! #he +&o'e**, !e** a!o)$!ee $* !o# -e# a Me)2e& of #he S+&e)e Co.K1

Fo& $#* +a, PHILCONSA o2*e&ve* $! $#* +e#$#$o! $! @.R. No. 1/104 #ha#!oho"o a!" e'e+#$o!a '$&')*#a!'e* *+a!e" 2- #he "$*'o&"a!#$!#e&+&e#a#$o!*, "e +e&ha+* #o a +e&f!'#o&- !"e&*#a!"$!%, of Se'. 10, A. (II $!&ea#$o! #o Se'*. >1?, 7>0? a!" /, A. (III of #he Co!*#$##$o! have 2&e" a f&e!3$e"$!a))a#o&- e%a "e2a#e o! #he 'o!*#$##$o!a +&ov$*$o!* )e!#$o!e" #ha# ha*"$v$"e" #he 2e!'h a!" #he 2a& a!" #he %e!e&a +2$' a* e, 2e'a*e of $#*"$)e!*$o!a $)+a'# #o #he !a#$o! a!" #he +eo+e, #he&e2- fa*h$o!$!% #&a!*'e!"e!#ae*#$o!* o& $**e* ae'#$!% #he JBC* +&o+e& ee&'$*e of $#* +&$!'$+a f!'#$o! of &e'o))e!"$!% a++o$!#ee* #o #he J"$'$a&- 2- *2)$##$!% o!- #o #he P&e*$"e!# >!o##o #he !e# P&e*$"e!#? a $*# of a# ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee* +&e+a&e" 2- #he J"$'$a a!"Ba& Co!'$ fo& eve&- va'a!'- f&o) h$'h #he )e)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co a!"

"%e* of #he oe& 'o* )a- 2e a++o$!#e".K11 PHILCONSA fhe& 2e$eve* a!"*2)$#* #ha# !o $* #he #$)e #o &ev$*$# a!" &ev$e "a#en$ue#a, #he *#&a!%e a!"eo#$' De'$*$o! of #he Co e! 2a!'.K1:

Pe&a#a *#a#e* $! h$* +e#$#$o! $! @.R. No. 1/11/ #ha# mandamus 'a! 'o)+e

#he JBC #o $))e"$a#e- #&a!*)$# #o #he P&e*$"e!#, $#h$! a &ea*o!a2e #$)e, $#*!o)$!a#$o! $*# fo& #he +o*$#$o! of 'h$ef *#$'e +o! #he )a!"a#o&- &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e Re-!a#o S. P!o, $! 'o)+$a!'e $#h $#* )a!"a#e" "#- !"e& #heCo!*#$##$o! $! #he eve!# #ha# #he Co &e*ove* #ha# #he P&e*$"e!# 'a! a++o$!# aCh$ef J*#$'e eve! "&$!% #he ee'#$o! 2a! !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II of #heCo!*#$##$o!.K1

The +e#$#$o!e&* $! @.R. No. 1/1: $!*$*# #ha# #he&e $* a! a'#a 'o!#&ove&*-,

'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# #he JBC ha* $!$#$a#e" #he +&o'e** of &e'e$v$!% a++$'a#$o!* fo& #he+o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e a!" ha* $! fa'# 2e%! #he evaa#$o! +&o'e** fo& #hea++$'a#$o!* #o #he +o*$#$o!, a!" $* +e&$o*- !ea& 'o)+e#$!% #he !o)$!a#$o!+&o'e** a!" 'o)$!% + $#h a $*# of !o)$!ee* fo& *2)$**$o! #o #he P&e*$"e!#,e!#e&$!% $!#o #he +e&$o" of #he 2a! o! )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#* o! Ma&'h 1, :1,h$'h o!- h$%h$%h#* #he +&e**$!% a!" 'o)+e$!% !ee" fo& a &$# of +&oh$2$#$o! #o

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e!o$! *'h ae%e" )$!$*#e&$a f!'#$o! of *2)$##$!% #he $*#, e*+e'$a- $f $# $ 2e'o!e $#h$! #he +e&$o" of #he 2a! o! )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#*.K1

A)e;e*e)4

The*e 'a*e* #&a'e #he$& %e!e*$* #o #he 'o!#&ove&*- #ha# ha* a&$*e! f&o) #hefoh'o)$!% 'o)+*o&- &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o o! Ma- 14, :1, o& *eve!

"a-* af#e& #he +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!. U!"e& Se'#$o! >1?, $! &ea#$o! #o Se'#$o! /,A$'e (III, that va'a!'- *ha 2e =e" $#h$! !$!e#- "a-* f&o) #he o''&&e!'e#he&eof f&o) a $*# of a# ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee* +&e+a&e" 2- #he J"$'$a a!" Ba&Co!'$ fo& eve&- va'a!'-.

O! De'e)2e& ::, :/, Co!%&e**)a! Ma#$a* (. Defe!*o&, a! e

o/cio )e)2e& of #he JBC, a""&e**e" a e##e& #o #he JBC, &ee*#$!% #ha# #he +&o'e**fo& !o)$!a#$o!* #o #he o'e of #he Ch$ef J*#$'e 2e 'o))e!'e" $))e"$a#e-.

I! $#* Ja!a&- 17, :1 )ee#$!% en anc, #he&efo&e, #he JBC +a**e" a

&e*o#$o!,K10 h$'h &ea"*G

The JBC, $! $#* en anc )ee#$!% of Ja!a&- 17, :1, !a!$)o*-a%&ee" #o *#a #he +&o'e** of =$!% + #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #o2e va'a#e" o! Ma- 14, :1 +o! #he &e#$&e)e!# of #he $!')2e!#Ch$ef J*#$'e Ho!o&a2e Re-!a#o S. P!o.

I# $ +2$*h #he o+e!$!% of #he +o*$#$o! fo& a++$'a#$o!* o&

&e'o))e!"a#$o!*; "e$2e&a#e o! #he $*# of 'a!"$"a#e*; +2$*h #he!a)e* of 'a!"$"a#e*; a''e+# 'o))e!#* o! o& o++o*$#$o! #o #hea++$'a#$o!*; 'o!"'# +2$' $!#e&v$e* of 'a!"$"a#e*; a!" +&e+a&e #he*ho$*# of 'a!"$"a#e*.

A* #o #he #$)e #o *2)$# #h$* *ho$*# #o #he +&o+e& a++o$!#$!%

a#ho&$#-, $! #he $%h# of #he Co!*#$##$o!, e$*#$!% a* a!" &$*+&"e!'e, #he JBC e'o)e* a!" $ 'o!*$"e& a v$e* o! #he)a##e&.

17 Ja!a&- :1.

>*%".?MA. LUISA D. (ILLARAMACe& of Co E6O'$o Se'&e#a&-

J"$'$a a!" Ba& Co!'$

A* a &e*#, #he JBC o+e!e" #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e fo& a++$'a#$o! o&&e'o))e!"a#$o!, a!" +2$*he" fo& #ha# +&+o*e $#* announcement "a#e" Ja!a&-:, :1,K15 vi$ G

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The J"$'$a a!" Ba& Co!'$ >JBC? a!!o!'e* #he o+e!$!% fo&a++$'a#$o! o& &e'o))e!"a#$o!, of #he +o*$#$o! of CHIEF JUSTICE OF

THE SUPREME COURT, h$'h $ 2e va'a#e" o! 14 Ma- :1 +o! #he&e#$&e)e!# of #he $!')2e!# Ch$ef J*#$'e, HON. RETh&*"a-? #o #he JBCSe'&e#a&$a# G

The announcement a* +2$*he" o! Ja!a&- :, :1 $! #he %hi#ippine Dai#+ Inuirer a!" (he %hi#ippine tar .K14

Co!fo&)a2- $#h $#* e$*#$!% +&a'#$'e, #he JBC a#o)a#$'a- 'o!*$"e&e" fo& #he+o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #he =ve )o*# *e!$o& of #he A**o'$a#e J*#$'e* of #he Co,!a)e-G A**o'$a#e J*#$'e A!#o!$o T. Ca&+$o; A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Re!a#o C. Co&o!a;A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Co!'h$#a Ca&+$o Mo&ae*; A**o'$a#e J*#$'e P&e*2$#e&o J. (ea*'o, J&.;a!" A**o'$a#e J*#$'e A!#o!$o E"a&"o B. Na'h&a. Hoeve&, #he a*# #o "e'$!e"#he$& !o)$!a#$o! #h&o%h e##e&* "a#e" Ja!a&- 17, :1 a!" Ja!a&- :0, :1,&e*+e'#$ve-.K17

O#he&* e$#he& a++$e" o& e&e !o)$!a#e". ($'#o& Fe&!a!"e3, #he &e#$&e" De+#-O)2"*)a! fo& L3o!, a++$e", 2# a#e& fo&)a- $#h"&e h$* !a)e f&o)'o!*$"e&a#$o! #h&o%h h$* e##e& "a#e" Fe2&a&- 7, :1. Ca!"$"a#e* ho a''e+#e"#he$& !o)$!a#$o!* 2ithout conditions e&e A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Re!a#o C. Co&o!a;A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Te&e*$#a J. Leo!a&"o6De Ca*#&o; A**o'$a#e J*#$'e A&o D. B&$o!;a!" A**o'$a#e J*#$'e E"$2eo @. Sa!"ova >Sa!"$%a!2a-a!?. Ca!"$"a#e* hoa''e+#e" #he$& !o)$!a#$o!* 2ith conditions e&e A**o'$a#e J*#$'e A!#o!$o T. Ca&+$oa!" A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Co!'h$#a Ca&+$o Mo&ae*.K1/ De'$!$!% #he$& !o)$!a#$o!* e&eA##-. He!&- ($a&$'a >via #ee+ho!e 'o!ve&*a#$o! $#h #he Ee'#$ve O'e& of #he

JBC o! Fe2&a&- 0, :1? a!" A##-. @&e%o&$o M. Ba#$e&, J&. >via #ee+ho!e'o!ve&*a#$o! $#h #he Ee'#$ve O'e& of #he JBC o! Fe2&a&- 7, :1?.K:

The JBC e'"e" f&o) 'o!*$"e&a#$o! fo&)e& RTC J"%e Fo&e!#$!o Fo&o >fo& fa$&e #o)ee# #he *#a!"a&"* *e# 2- #he JBC &e*?; a!" S+e'$a P&o*e'#o& De!!$* ($a6I%!a'$o of #he O'e of #he O)2"*)a! >"e #o 'a*e* +e!"$!% $! #he O'e of #heO)2"*)a!?.K:1

I! $#* )ee#$!% of Fe2&a&- 7, :1, #he JBC &e*ove" #o +&o'ee" #o #he !e# *#e+ of a!!o!'$!% #he !a)e* of #he foo$!% 'a!"$"a#e* #o $!v$#e #he +2$' #o =e #he$&*o&! 'o)+a$!#, &$##e! &e+o, o& o++o*$#$o!, $f a!-, !o# a#e& #ha! Fe2&a&- ::,:1, #o $#G A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Ca&+$o, A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Co&o!a, A**o'$a#e J*#$'eCa&+$o Mo&ae*, A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Leo!a&"o6De Ca*#&o, A**o'$a#e J*#$'e B&$o!, a!"A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Sa!"ova. The announcement 'a)e o# $! #he %hi#ippine Dai#+ Inuirer a!" (he %hi#ippine tar $**e* of Fe2&a&- 1, :1.K::

I44ue4

A#ho%h $# ha* a&ea"- 2e%! #he +&o'e** fo& #he =$!% of #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o $! a''o&"a!'e $#h $#* &e*, #he JBC $* !o# -e# "e'$"e" o! he! #o*2)$# #o #he P&e*$"e!# $#* $*# of !o)$!ee* fo& #he +o*$#$o! "e #o #he 'o!#&ove&*-!o 2efo&e * 2e$!% -e# !&e*ove". I! #he )ea!h$e, #$)e $* )a&'h$!% $! $'

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*#e+ #oa&"* Ma- 14, :1 he! #he va'a!'- o''&* +o! #he &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o.

The a'#$o!* of #he JBC have *+a&e" a v$%o&o* "e2a#e !o# o!- a)o!% e%a

)$!a&$e*, 2# a*o a)o!% !o!6e%a ae&*, a!" 2&o%h# o# h$%h- "$*+a&a#eo+$!$o!* o! he#he& #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# 'a! a++o$!# #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e o&

!o#. Pe#$#$o!e& Me!"o3a !o#e* #ha# $! "a#en$ue#a, h$'h $!vove" #he a++o$!#)e!#*of #o "%e* of #he Re%$o!a T&$a Co, #he Co a""&e**e" #h$* $**e !o 2efo&e* a* a! a")$!$*#&a#$ve )a##e& #o avo$" a!- +o**$2e +oe)$'* 'o!'e&!$!% #he)a##e&, 2# he o+$!e* #ha# #he +oe)$'* ea"$!% #o "a#en$ue#a o" 2e )$!$*'eKsic 'o)+a&e" #o #he +oe)$'* #ha# have !o e&+#e" $! &e%a&" #o #he '&&e!#'o!#&ove&*-, a!" #ha# !e** +# #o a ha#, a!" #h$* )a- o!- 2e a'h$eve" 2- a &$!%f&o) #he Co, #he $!#e%&$#- of #he +&o'e** a!" #he '&e"$2$$#- of hoeve& $*a++o$!#e" #o #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e, )a- $&&e+a&a2- 2e $)+a$&e".K:

A''o&"$!%-, e &ef&a)e #he $**e* a* *2)$##e" 2- ea'h +e#$#$o!e& $! #he o&"e& of #he 'h&o!oo%$'a =$!% of #he$& +e#$#$o!*.

G.!. No. 191-

a. Doe* #he JBC have #he +oe& a!" a#ho&$#- #o &e*ove #he'o!*#$##$o!a e*#$o! of he#he& #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# 'a!a++o$!# a Ch$ef J*#$'e "&$!% #he ee'#$o! 2a! +e&$o"

2. Doe* #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# have #he +oe& a!" a#ho&$#- #o

a++o$!# "&$!% #he ee'#$o! 2a! #he *''e**o& of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!ohe! he va'a#e* #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e o! h$* &e#$&e)e!#o! Ma- 14, :1

G.!. No. 1913- a. I* #he +oe& #o a++o$!# #he Ch$ef J*#$'e ve*#e" $! #he S+&e)e

Co en anc

G.!. No. 19157 a. I* #he 'o!*#$##$o!a +&oh$2$#$o! a%a$!*# a++o$!#)e!# !"e& Se'#$o!

10, A$'e (II of #he Co!*#$##$o! a++$'a2e o!- #o +o*$#$o!* $! #heEe'#$ve De+a)e!#

2. A**)$!% #ha# #he +&oh$2$#$o! !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II of #he

Co!*#$##$o! a*o a++$e* #o )e)2e&* of #he J"$'$a&-, )a- *'ha++o$!#)e!#* 2e e'e+#e" 2e'a*e #he- a&e $)+&e**e" $#h +2$'$!#e&e*# o& a&e "e)a!"e" 2- #he e$%e!'$e* of +2$' *e&v$'e,#he&e2- *#$f-$!% #he*e a++o$!#)e!#* "&$!% #he +e&$o" of +&oh$2$#$o!

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'. Doe* #he JBC have #he a#ho&$#- #o "e'$"e he#he& o& !o# #o $!'"e

a!" *2)$# #he !a)e* of !o)$!ee* ho )a!$fe*#e" $!#e&e*# #o 2e!o)$!a#e" fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e o! #he !"e&*#a!"$!%#ha# h$*he& !o)$!a#$o! $ 2e *2)$##e" #o #he net P&e*$"e!# $!v$e of #he +&oh$2$#$o! a%a$!*# +&e*$"e!#$a a++o$!#)e!#* f&o)

Ma&'h 11, :1 !#$ J!e , :1

A. M. No. 12-252"C a. Doe* Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II of #he Co!*#$##$o! a++- #o

a++o$!#)e!#* #o +o*$#$o!* $! #he J"$'$a&- !"e& Se'#$o! /, A$'e(III of #he Co!*#$##$o!

2. Ma- P&e*$"e!# @o&$a Ma'a+a%a6A&&o-o )ae a++o$!#)e!#* #o #he

J"$'$a&- af#e& Ma&'h 1, :1, $!'"$!% #ha# fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e af#e& Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o &e#$&e* o! Ma- 14, :1

G.!. No. 1911>9 a. Doe* #he JBC have #he "$*'&e#$o! #o $#hho" #he *2)$**$o! of #he

*ho $*# #o P&e*$"e!# @o&$a Ma'a+a%a6A&&o-o

G.!. No. 1913>- a. Doe* #he JBC have #he a#ho&$#- #o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o

#he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $#ho# 'o))$##$!% a %&ave v$oa#$o! of #he Co!*#$##$o! a!" &$*+&"e!'e +&oh$2$#$!% #he $!')2e!#P&e*$"e!# f&o) )a$!% )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#* #o )o!#h*$))e"$a#e- +&e'e"$!% #he !e# +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!* !#$ #he e!"of he& #e&)

2. I* a!- a'# +e&fo&)e" 2- #he JBC, $!'"$!% #he ve##$!% of #he

'a!"$"a#e* fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e, 'o!*#$##$o!a- $!va$"$! v$e of #he JBC* $e%a 'o)+o*$#$o! ao$!% ea'h )e)2e& f&o)#he Se!a#e a!" #he Ho*e of Re+&e*e!#a#$ve* #o have o!e vo#eea'h

O! Fe2&a&- 15, :1, #he Co "$&e'#e" #he JBC a!" #he O'e of #heSo$'$#o& @e!e&a >OS@? #o 'o))e!# o! #he 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!*, e'e+# #ha# =e"[email protected]. No. 1/1:.

O! Fe2&a&- :5, :1, #he JBC *2)$##e" $#* 'o))e!#, &e+o$!% #he&e$! #ha#

#he !e# *#a%e of #he +&o'e** fo& #he *ee'#$o! of #he !o)$!ee* fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e o" 2e #he +2$' $!#e&v$e of #he 'a!"$"a#e* a!" #he +&e+a&a#$o! of #he *ho $*# of 'a!"$"a#e*, $!'"$!% #he $!#e&v$e of #he 'o!*#$##$o!a e+e*, a*)a- 2e !ee"e".K: I# *#a#e"GK:0

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L6e:64e, e &BC a4 ye o ae a o466o) o) :e) o4ub6 e 4or64 o e roer ao6)6)D auor6y, 6)6D o< "e;6o) > '1(, Ar6;e III o< e Co)46u6o), :6;rov6*e4 a va;a);y 6) e "uree Cour 4a be e*:66) )6)ey '9( *ay4 ? #he JBC* f!'#$o! #o &e'o))e!" $* a 'o!#$!$!%+&o'e**, h$'h "oe* !o# 2e%$! $#h ea'h va'a!'- o& e!" $#h ea'h !o)$!a#$o!,2e'a*e #he %oa $* #o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o Maa'aa!% o! #he ve&- "a- #heva'a!'- a&$*e*;K:5 #he JBC a* #h* a'#$!% $#h$! $#* &$*"$'#$o! he! $# 'o))e!'e"a!" *e# $! )o#$o! #he +&o'e** of *ee'#$!% #he !o)$!ee* #o 2e *2)$##e" #o #heP&e*$"e!# fo& #he +o*$#$o! of Ch$ef J*#$'e #o 2e va'a#e" 2- Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o; K:4 >c?+e#$#$o!e& So&$a!o* #heo&- #ha# $# $* #he S+&e)e Co, !o# #he P&e*$"e!#, ho ha*#he +oe& #o a++o$!# #he Ch$ef J*#$'e, $* $!'o&&e'#, a!" +&o'ee"* f&o) h$*)$*$!#e&+&e#a#$o! of #he +h&a*e )e)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co fo!" $! Se'#$o! /,A$'e (III of #he Co!*#$##$o! a* &efe&&$!% o!- #o #he A**o'$a#e J*#$'e*, #o #hee'*$o! of #he Ch$ef J*#$'e; K:7 >d? a &$# of mandamus 'a! $**e #o 'o)+e #he JBC#o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o #he P&e*$"e!#, 'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# $#* "#- #o +&e+a&e#he $*# of a# ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee* $* !a$=e", a!" #he *2)$**$o! of #he $*# $* a)$!$*#e&$a a'# #ha# #he JBC $* )a!"a#e" #o +e&fo&) !"e& #he Co!*#$##$o!; a* *'h,#he JBC, #he !a#&e of ho*e +&$!'$+a f!'#$o! $* ee'#$ve, $* !o# ve*#e" $#h #he+oe& #o &e*ove ho ha* #he a#ho&$#- #o a++o$!# #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e a!",#he&efo&e, ha* !o "$*'&e#$o! #o $#hho" #he $*# f&o) #he P&e*$"e!#; K:/ a!" >e? a &$#of mandamus 'a!!o# $**e #o 'o)+e #he JBC #o $!'"e o& e'"e +a$'a&'a!"$"a#e* a* !o)$!ee*, 'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# #he&e $* !o $)+e&a#$ve "#- o! $#* +a #o$!'"e $! o& e'"e f&o) #he $*# +a$'a& $!"$v$"a*, 2#, o! #he 'o!#&a&-, #he

JBC* "e#e&)$!a#$o! of ho $# !o)$!a#e* #o #he P&e*$"e!# $* a! ee&'$*e of a"$*'&e#$o!a&- "#-.K

The OS@ 'o!#e!"* #ha# #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# )a- a++o$!# #he !e# Ch$ef

J*#$'e, 2e'a*e #he +&oh$2$#$o! !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II of #he Co!*#$##$o! "oe*!o# a++- #o a++o$!#)e!#* $! #he S+&e)e Co. I# a&%e* #ha# a!- va'a!'- $! #heS+&e)e Co )*# 2e =e" $#h$! / "a-* f&o) $#* o''&&e!'e, +&*a!# #oSe'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III of #he Co!*#$##$o!; K1 #ha# $! #he$& "e$2e&a#$o!* o! #he

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)a!"a#o&- +e&$o" fo& #he a++o$!#)e!# of S+&e)e Co J*#$'e*, #he f&a)e&*!e$#he& )e!#$o!e" !o& &efe&&e" #o #he 2a! a%a$!*# )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#*, o& $#*ee'#* o! *'h +e&$o", o& v$'e ve&*a;K: #ha# ha" #he f&a)e&* $!#e!"e" #he+&oh$2$#$o! #o a++- #o S+&e)e Co a++o$!#)e!#*, #he- 'o" have ea*$-e+&e**- *#a#e" *o $! #he Co!*#$##$o!, h$'h e+a$!* h- #he +&oh$2$#$o! fo!" $!A$'e (II >Ee'#$ve De+a)e!#? a* !o# &$##e! $! A$'e (III >J"$'$a

De+a)e!#?; a!" #ha# #he f&a)e&* a*o $!'o&+o&a#e" $! A$'e (III a)+e&e*#&$'#$o!* o& $)$#a#$o!* o! #he P&e*$"e!#* +oe& #o a++o$!# )e)2e&* of #heS+&e)e Co #o e!*&e $#* $!"e+e!"e!'e f&o) +o$#$'a v$'$**$#"e* a!" $#*$!*a#$o! f&o) +o$#$'a +&e**&e*,K*'h a* *#&$!%e!# a$='a#$o!* fo& #he+o*$#$o!*, #he e*#a2$*h)e!# of #he JBC, #he *+e'$=e" +e&$o" $#h$! h$'h #heP&e*$"e!# *ha a++o$!# a S+&e)e Co J*#$'e.

The OS@ +o*$#* #ha# a#ho%h "a#en$ue#a $!vove" #he a++o$!#)e!# of RTC

J"%e*, #he *$#a#$o! !o &efe&* #o #he a++o$!#)e!# of #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e #oh$'h #he +&oh$2$#$o! "oe* !o# a++-; #ha#, a# a!- &a#e, "a#en$ue#a eve! &e'o%!$3e"#ha# #he&e )$%h# 2e #he $)+e&a#$ve !ee" fo& a! a++o$!#)e!# "&$!% #he +e&$o" of #he2a!, $e he! #he )e)2e&*h$+ of #he S+&e)e Co *ho" 2e *o &e"'e" #ha# $#

$ have !o o&), o& *ho" #he vo#$!% o! a +a$'a& $)+oa!# e*#$o!&e$&$!% e+e"$#$o* &e*o#$o! 2e "$v$"e";K a!" #ha# "a#en$ue#a a*o &e'o%!$3e"#ha# #he =$!% of va'a!'$e* $! #he J"$'$a&- $* !"o2#e"- $! #he +2$' $!#e&e*#,)o*# e*+e'$a- $f #he&e $* a!- 'o)+e$!% &ea*o! #o *#$f- #he )a$!% of #hea++o$!#)e!#* "&$!% #he +e&$o" of #he +&oh$2$#$o!.K0

La*#-, #he OS@ &%e* #ha# #he&e a&e !o !"e!$a2- 'o)+e$!% &ea*o!* fo&

#he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# #o a++o$!# #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e, #o $#G >a? a "e%e of 'a*e* $!vov$!% *e!*$#$ve +o$#$'a $**e* $* $#e e+e'#e"; K5 >? #he Co a'#* a*#he P&e*$"e!#$a Ee'#o&a T&$2!a >PET?, h$'h, *$##$!% en anc, $* #he *oe "%e of a 'o!#e*#* &ea#$!% #o #he ee'#$o!, &e#&!*, a!" a$='a#$o!* of #he P&e*$"e!# a!"($'e P&e*$"e!# a!", a* *'h, ha* #he +oe& #o 'o&&e'# )a!$fe*# e&&o&* o! #he*#a#e)e!# of vo#e* >SO(? a!" 'e$='a#e* of 'a!va** >COC?; K4 >c? $f h$*#o&- ha**ho! #ha# "&$!% ordinar+ times #he Ch$ef J*#$'e a* a++o$!#e" $))e"$a#e- +o!#he o''&&e!'e of #he va'a!'-, f&o) #he #$)e of #he ee'#$v$#- of #he Co!*#$##$o!,#he&e $* !o eve! )o&e &ea*o! #o a++o$!# #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e $))e"$a#e- +o!#he &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o;K7 a!" >d? *ho" #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e 'o)ef&o) a)o!% #he $!')2e!# A**o'$a#e J*#$'e* of #he S+&e)e Co, #he&e2-'a*$!% a va'a!'-, $# a*o 2e'o)e* $!')2e!# +o! #he JBC #o *#a #he *ee'#$o!+&o'e** fo& #he =$!% + of #he va'a!'- $! a''o&"a!'e $#h #he 'o!*#$##$o!a)a!"a#e.K/

O! Ma&'h /, :1, #he Co a")$##e" #he foo$!% 'o))e!#*o++o*$#$o!*6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o!, #o $#G

a4 The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- ::, :1 of A##-.Pe#e& I&v$!% Co&ve&a >Co&ve&a?;K

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4 The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- ::, :1 of A##-.Ch&$*#$a! Ro2e S. L$) >L$)?;

c4 The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- :, :1 of A##-.

Afo!*o (. Ta!, J&. >Ta!?;

>d? The 'o))e!#o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Ma&'h 1, :1 of #heNa#$o!a U!$o! of Peo+e* La-e&* >NUPL?;

>e? The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- :0, :1 of A##-.

Ma&o B. U2a!o >U2a!o?; > ? The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- :0, :1 of

I!#e%&a#e" Ba& of #he Ph$$++$!e*6Davao "e S& Cha+#e& a!" $#*I))e"$a#e Pa*# P&e*$"e!#, A##-. I*&ae$#o P. To&&eo! >IBP6 Davao "eS&?;

>'? The o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e" Fe2&a&- :5, :1 of A##-.

M$#'he Joh! L. Bo$*e& >Bo$*e&?; >h?The 'o!*o$"a#e" 'o))e!#o++o*$#$o!6$!6$!#e&ve!#$o! "a#e"

Fe2&a&- :5, :1 of BA


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of #he *''e**o& of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o. He!'e, mandamus "oe* !o# $e #o 'o)+e #he JBC #o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o #he o#%o$!% P&e*$"e!# $f #he 'o!*#$##$o!a+&oh$2$#$o! $* a&ea"- $! ee'#. Ta! a""* #ha# #he +&oh$2$#$o! a%a$!*# )$"!$%h#a++o$!#)e!#* a* a++$e" 2- #he Co #o #he a++o$!#)e!#* #o #he J"$'$a&- )a"e2- #he! P&e*$"e!# Ra)o*, $#h #he Co ho"$!% #ha# #he "#- of #he P&e*$"e!# #o =#he va'a!'$e* $#h$! / "a-* f&o) o''&&e!'e of #he va'a!'$e* >fo& #he S+&e)e

Co? o& f&o) #he *2)$**$o! of #he $*# >fo& a o#he& 'o*? a* !o# a! e'*e #ov$oa#e #he 'o!*#$##$o!a +&oh$2$#$o!.

I!#e&ve!o&* Ta!, U2a!o, Bo$*e&, Co&ve&a, NULP, BA


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+o! #he &e#$&e)e!# of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o, o& "&$!% #he +e&$o" of #he 2a! !"e&#he7mnius #ection Code, 'o!*#$##e* a! ee'#$o! oe!*e; #ha# eve! a!a++o$!#)e!# of #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e +&$o& #o #he ee'#$o! 2a! $* f!"a)e!#a-$!va$" a!" $#ho# ee'# 2e'a*e #he&e 'a! 2e !o a++o$!#)e!# !#$ a va'a!'-o''&*; a!" #ha# #he va'a!'- fo& #he +o*$#$o! 'a! o''& o!- 2- Ma- 14, :1.

I!#e&ve!o& Bo$*e& a""* #ha# De Ca*#&o* +&a-e& #o 'o)+e #he *2)$**$o! of !o)$!ee* 2- #he JBC #o #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $* o6#a!%e!# 2e'a*e #he +o*$#$o!of Ch$ef J*#$'e $* *#$ !o# va'a!#; #ha# #o *+ea of a $*#, )'h )o&e a *2)$**$o! of *'h $*#, 2efo&e a va'a!'- o''&* $* %a&$!%- +&e)a#&e; #ha# #he +&o+o*e" a"va!'ea++o$!#)e!# 2- #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# of #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e $ 2e!'o!*#$##$o!a; a!" #ha# !o $*# of !o)$!ee* 'a! 2e *2)$##e" 2- #he JBC $f #he&e $*!o va'a!'-. A #he $!#e&ve!o&*6o++o*$#o&* *2)$# #ha# Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II )ae* !o"$*#$!'#$o! 2e#ee! #he $!"* of a++o$!#)e!#* )a"e 2- #he P&e*$"e!#; a!" #ha# #heCo, $! "a#en$ue#a, &e" #ha# #he a++o$!#)e!#* 2- #he P&e*$"e!# of #he #o "%e*

"&$!% #he +&oh$2$#$o! +e&$o" e&e vo$".

I!#e&ve!o& WTLOP +o*$#* #ha# Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II of #he 1/74 Co!*#$##$o!"oe* !o# a++- o!- #o #he a++o$!#)e!#* $! #he Ee'#$ve De+a)e!#, 2# a*o #o

"$'$a a++o$!#)e!#*, 'o!#&a&- #o #he *2)$**$o! of PHILCONSA; #ha# Se'#$o! 10"oe* !o# "$*#$!%$*h; a!" #ha# "a#en$ue#a a&ea"- $!#e&+&e#e" #he +&oh$2$#$o! a*a++$'a2e #o "$'$a a++o$!#)e!#*.

I!#e&ve!o& WTLOP fhe& +o*$#* #ha# +e#$#$o!e& So&$a!o* 'o!#e!#$o! #ha# #he+oe& #o a++o$!# #he Ch$ef J*#$'e $* ve*#e", !o# $! #he P&e*$"e!#, 2# $! #heS+&e)e Co, $* ##e&- 2a*ee**, 2e'a*e #he Ch$ef J*#$'e $* a*o a Me)2e& of #he S+&e)e Co a* 'o!#e)+a#e" !"e& Se'#$o! /, A$'e (III; a!" #ha#, a# a!-

&a#e, #he #e&) )e)2e&* a* $!#e&+&e#e" $! "ar'as v. Ri##aro$a >@.R. No. L6151:,Fe2&a&- :5, 1/7? #o &efe& #o #he Ch$ef J*#$'e a!" #he A**o'$a#e J*#$'e* of #heS+&e)e Co #ha# PHILCONSA* +&a-e& #ha# #he Co +a** a &e*o#$o! "e'a&$!%#ha# +e&*o!* ho )a!$fe*# #he$& $!#e&e*# a* !o)$!ee*, 2# $#h 'o!"$#$o!*, *ha !o#2e 'o!*$"e&e" !o)$!ee* 2- #he JBC $* "$a)e#&$'a- o++o*e" #o #he a&%)e!#* $! #he2o"- of $#* +e#$#$o!; #ha# *'h %a&$!% $!'o!*$*#e!'- 2e#ee! #he ae%a#$o!* $! #he2o"- a!" #he &e$ef +&a-e" fo& h$%h$%h#* #he a' of )e&$# of PHILCONSA* +e#$#$o!;#ha# #he &oe of #he JBC 'a!!o# 2e *e+a&a#e" f&o) #he 'o!*#$##$o!a +&oh$2$#$o! o!#he P&e*$"e!#; a!" #ha# #he Co )*# "$&e'# #he JBC #o foo #he &e of a, that is, #o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* o!- #o #he !e# "- ee'#e" P&e*$"e!# af#e& #he+e&$o" of #he 'o!*#$##$o!a 2a! a%a$!*# )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#* ha* e+$&e".

O++o*$#o& IBP Davao "e S& o+$!e* #ha# #he JBC 2e'a*e $# $* !e$#he& a "$'$a !o& a a*$6"$'$a 2o"- ha* !o "#- !"e& #he Co!*#$##$o! #o &e*ove #hee*#$o! of he#he& #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# 'a! a++o$!# a Ch$ef J*#$'e "&$!% #he+e&$o" of +&oh$2$#$o!; #ha# eve! $f #he JBC ha* a&ea"- 'o)e + $#h a *ho $*#, $#*#$ ha* #o 2o #o #he *#&$'# $)$#a#$o!* !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II; #ha# *ho" #he

JBC "efe& *2)$**$o! of #he $*#, $# $* !o# a&&o%a#$!% !#o $#*ef a "$'$a f!'#$o!, 2#*$)+- &e*+e'#$!% #he 'ea& )a!"a#e of #he Co!*#$##$o!; a!" #ha# #he a++$'a#$o! of


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#he %e!e&a &e $! Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II #o #he J"$'$a&- "oe* !o# v$oa#e #he+&$!'$+e of *e+a&a#$o! of +oe&*, 2e'a*e *a$" +&ov$*$o! $* a! e'e+#$o!.

O++o*$#o&* NUPL, Co&ve&a, L$) a!" BA


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arDey *ee)*4


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Ca*e a $! )o*# &$*"$'#$o!* !o ao* 2o#h '$#$3e! a!"#a+a-e& *#a!"$!% $! +2$' a'#$o!*. The "$*#$!'#$o! a* =&*# a$" "o!$! &eauchamp v. i#= ,K00 he&e $# a* he" #ha# #he +a$!#$ $! a#a+a-e&* *$# $* $! a "$e&e!# 'a#e%o&- f&o) #he +a$!#$ $! a '$#$3e!**$#. I) e IBP? fo& So#he&! L3o! a!" Ea*#e&! ($*a-a*. The- ae%e #ha# #he-have #he e%a *#a!"$!% #o e!o$! #he *2)$**$o! of #he $*# of !o)$!ee* 2- #he JBC#o #he P&e*$"e!#, fo& Ka! a""$'a#$o! of #he +&o+e& $!#e&+&e#a#$o! a!" a++$'a#$o! of #he 'o!*#$##$o!a 2a! o! )$"!$%h# a++o$!#)e!#* $#h &e%a&" #o &e*+o!"e!# JBC*f!'#$o! $! *2)$##$!% #he $*# of !o)$!ee* $* e $#h$! #he 'o!'e&! of +e#$#$o!e&*,ho a&e "#- 2o!" #o e!*&e #ha# o2e"$e!'e a!" &e*+e'# fo& #he Co!*#$##$o! $*+he", )o*# e*+e'$a- 2- %ove&!)e!# o'e*, *'h a* &e*+o!"e!# JBC, ho a&e*+e'$='a- #a*e" #o +e&fo&) '&'$a f!'#$o!* $! #he hoe *'he)e of o&"e)o'&a#$' $!*#$##$o!. The- fhe& ae%e #ha#, &e+o*e" $! #he) a* )e)2e&* of #heBa&, $* a 'ea& e%a $!#e&e*# $! #he +&o'e** of *ee'#$!% #he )e)2e&* of #he S+&e)eCo, a!" $! #he *ee'#$o! of #he Ch$ef J*#$'e, 'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# #he +e&*o!a++o$!#e" 2e'o)e* a )e)2e& of #he 2o"- #ha# ha* 'o!*#$##$o!a *+e&v$*$o! a!"a#ho&$#- ove& #he) a!" o#he& )e)2e&* of #he e%a +&ofe**$o!.K51

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn55http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn56http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn61http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn55http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn56http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn57http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn58http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn59http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn60http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/march2010/191002.htm#_ftn61


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The Co &e* #ha# #he +e#$#$o!e&* have ea'h "e)o!*#&a#e" a"ea#e$!#e&e*# $! #he o#'o)e of #he 'o!#&ove&*- a* #o ve*# #he) $#h #he &e$*$#e #ocusstandi. The $**e* 2efo&e * a&e of #&a!*'e!"e!#a $)+oa!'e #o #he +eo+e a* ahoe, a!" #o #he +e#$#$o!e&* $! +a$'a&. I!"ee", #he $**e* ae'# eve&-o!e>$!'"$!% #he +e#$#$o!e&*?, &e%a&"e** of o!e* +e&*o!a $!#e&e*# $! $fe, 2e'a*e #he-'o!'e&! that %&ea# "o2# a2o# #he a#ho&$#- of #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# #o a++o$!#

!o# o!- #he *''e**o& of #he &e#$&$!% $!')2e!# Ch$ef J*#$'e, 2# a*o o#he&* ho)a- *e&ve $! #he J"$'$a&-, h$'h a&ea"- *e&* f&o) a fa& #oo %&ea# !)2e& of va'a!'$e* $! #he &a!* of #&$a "%e* #h&o%ho# #he 'o!#&-.

I! a!- eve!#, #he Co &e#a$!* #he 2&oa" "$*'&e#$o! #o a$ve #he &e$&e)e!#

of e%a *#a!"$!% $! favo& of a!- +e#$#$o!e& he! #he )a##e& $!vove" ha*#&a!*'e!"e!#a $)+oa!'e, o& o#he&$*e &e$&e* a $2e&a$3a#$o! of #he&e$&e)e!#.K5:


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I!#e&ve!o&* Beo et a#. *2)$# #ha# #he&e e$*# !o 'o!$'# of e%a &$%h#* a!"

!o a**e$o! of o++o*$#e e%a 'a$)* $! a!- of #he +e#$#$o!*; #ha# PHILCONSA "oe*!o# ae%e a!- a'#$o! #ae! 2- #he JBC, 2# *$)+- ave&* #ha# #he 'o!"$#$o!a)a!$fe*#a#$o!* of #o Me)2e&* of #he Co, a''e!#e" 2- #he "$v$"e" o+$!$o!* a!"$!#e&+&e#a#$o!* of e%a e+e*, o& a**o'$a#$o!* of a-e&* a!" a *#"e!#* o! #he

$**e* +2$*he" $! #he "a$- !e*+a+e&* a&e )a##e&* of +a&a)o!# a!"#&a!*'e!"e!#a $)+oa!'e #o #he 2e!'h, 2a& a!" %e!e&a +2$'; #ha# PHILCONSAfa$* !o# o!- #o '$#e a!- e%a "#- o& ae%e a!- fa$&e #o +e&fo&) #he "#-, 2# a*o#o $!"$'a#e ha# *+e'$=' a'#$o! *ho" 2e "o!e 2- #he JBC; #ha# Me!"o3a "oe* !o#eve! a##e)+# #o +o&a- #he )a##e& a* a 'o!#&ove&*- o& 'o!$'# of &$%h#*, 2#,$!*#ea", +&a-* #ha# #he Co *ho" &e fo& #he %$"a!'e of #he JBC; #ha# #he fa'##ha# #he Co *+e&v$*e* #he JBC "oe* !o# a#o)a#$'a- $)+- #ha# #he Co 'a!&e o! #he $**e* +&e*e!#e" $! #he Me!"o3a +e#$#$o!, 2e'a*e *+e&v$*$o! $!vove*ove&*$%h#, h$'h )ea!* #ha# #he *2o&"$!a#e o'e& o& 2o"- )*# =&*# a'#, a!" $f *'h a'#$o! $* !o# $! a''o&"a!'e $#h +&e*'&$2e" &e*, #he!, a!" o!- #he!, )a- #he+e&*o! ee&'$*$!% ove&*$%h# o&"e& #he a'#$o! #o 2e &e"o!e #o 'o!fo&) #o #he+&e*'&$2e" &e*; #ha# #he Me!"o3a +e#$#$o! "oe* !o# ae%e #ha# #he JBC ha*

+e&fo&)e" a *+e'$=' a'# **'e+#$2e #o 'o&&e'#$o! fo& 2e$!% $e%a o&!'o!*#$##$o!a; a!" #ha# #he Me!"o3a +e#$#$o! a** #he Co #o $**e a! a"v$*o&-&$!%, !o# #o ee&'$*e $#* +oe& of *+e&v$*$o! #o 'o&&e'# a &o!% a'# 2- #he JBC, 2##o "e'a&e #he *#a#e of #he a $! #he a2*e!'e of a! a'#a 'a*e o& 'o!#&ove&*-.

We ho" #ha# #he +e#$#$o!* *e# foh a! a'#a 'a*e o& 'o!#&ove&*- #ha# $* &$+e

fo& "$'$a "e#e&)$!a#$o!. The &ea$#- $* #ha# #he JBC a&ea"- 'o))e!'e" #he+&o'ee"$!%* fo& #he *ee'#$o! of #he !o)$!ee* #o 2e $!'"e" $! a *ho $*# #o 2e*2)$##e" #o #he P&e*$"e!# fo& 'o!*$"e&a#$o! of h$'h of #he) $ *''ee" Ch$ef

J*#$'e P!o a* #he !e# Ch$ef J*#$'e. A#ho%h #he +o*$#$o! $* !o# -e# va'a!#, #hefa'# #ha# #he JBC 2e%a! #he +&o'e** of !o)$!a#$o! +&*a!# #o $#* &e* a!"+&a'#$'e*, a#ho%h $# ha* -e# #o "e'$"e he#he& #o *2)$# #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o#he $!')2e!# o#%o$!% P&e*$"e!# o& #o #he !e# P&e*$"e!#, )ae* #he *$#a#$o! &$+efo& "$'$a "e#e&)$!a#$o!, 2e'a*e #he !e# *#e+* a&e #he +2$' $!#e&v$e of #he'a!"$"a#e*, #he +&e+a&a#$o! of #he *ho $*# of 'a!"$"a#e*, a!" #he $!#e&v$e of 'o!*#$##$o!a e+e*, a* )a- 2e !ee"e".

A +a of #he e*#$o! #o 2e &ev$ee" 2- #he Co $* he#he& #he JBC +&o+e&-

$!$#$a#e" #he +&o'e**, #he&e 2e$!% a! $!*$*#e!'e f&o) *o)e of #he o++o*$#o&*6$!#e&ve!o&* #ha# #he JBC 'o" o!- "o *o o!'e #he va'a!'- ha* o''&&e" > that is,af#e& Ma- 14, :1?. A!o#he& +a $*, of 'o&*e, he#he& #he JBC )a- &e*)e $#*+&o'e** !#$ #he *ho $*# $* +&e+a&e", $! v$e of #he +&ov$*$o! of Se'#$o! >1?,A$'e (III, h$'h !a$=e"- &e$&e* #he P&e*$"e!# #o a++o$!# o!e f&o) #he *ho$*# #o = #he va'a!'- $! #he S+&e)e Co >2e $# #he Ch$ef J*#$'e o& a! A**o'$a#e

J*#$'e? $#h$! / "a-* f&o) #he o''&&e!'e of #he va'a!'-.

The &$+e!e** of #he 'o!#&ove&*- fo& "$'$a "e#e&)$!a#$o! )a- !o# 2e"o2#e". The 'hae!%e* #o #he a#ho&$#- of #he JBC #o o+e! #he +&o'e** of !o)$!a#$o! a!" #o 'o!#$!e #he +&o'e** !#$ #he *2)$**$o! of #he $*# of !o)$!ee*;#he $!*$*#e!'e of *o)e of #he +e#$#$o!e&* #o 'o)+e #he JBC #h&o%h mandamus #o*2)$# #he *ho $*# #o #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!#; #he 'o!#e&6$!*$*#e!'e of #he$!#e&ve!o&* #o +&oh$2$# #he JBC f&o) *2)$##$!% #he *ho $*# #o #he $!')2e!#


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P&e*$"e!# o! #he %&o!" #ha# *a$" $*# *ho" 2e *2)$##e" $!*#ea" #o #he !e#P&e*$"e!#; #he *#&o!% +o*$#$o! #ha# #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $* a&ea"- +&oh$2$#e"!"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II f&o) )a$!% a!- a++o$!#)e!#*, $!'"$!% #ho*e #o #he

J"$'$a&-, *#a$!% o! Ma- 1, :1 !#$ J!e , :1; a!" #he 'o!#&a&- +o*$#$o!#ha# #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# $* !o# *o +&oh$2$#e" a&e o!- *o)e of #he &ea $**e*fo& "e#e&)$!a#$o!. A *'h $**e* e*#a2$*h #he &$+e!e** of #he 'o!#&ove&*-,

'o!*$"e&$!% #ha# fo& *o)e #he *ho $*# )*# 2e *2)$##e" eore #he va'a!'-a'#a- o''&* 2- Ma- 14, :1. The o#'o)e $ !o# 2e a! a2*#&a'#$o!, o& a)e&e- h-+o#he#$'a ee&'$*e. The &e*o#$o! of #he 'o!#&ove&*- $ *&e-*e##e $#h =!a$#- #he !a%%$!% e*#$o!* #ha# a&e +&eve!#$!% #he JBC f&o) )ov$!%o! $#h #he +&o'e** #ha# $# a&ea"- 2e%a!, o& #ha# a&e &ea*o!* +e&*a"$!% #he JBC #o"e*$*# f&o) #he &e*# of #he +&o'e**.

We !ee" !o# aa$# #he o''&&e!'e of #he va'a!'- 2- Ma- 14, :1 $! o&"e&

fo& #he +&$!'$+a $**e #o &$+e fo& "$'$a "e#e&)$!a#$o! 2- #he Co. I# $* e!o%h#ha# o!e ae%e* 'o!"'# a&%a2- ae'#e" $#h a 'o!*#$##$o!a $!#e&e*#, 2#*ee)$!%- +&o*'&$2e" 2- #he Co!*#$##$o!. A &ea*o!a2e 'ea$!#- of #he o''&&e!'eof #he +e&'e$ve" #h&ea# #o a 'o!*#$##$o!a $!#e&e*# $* *'$e!# #o ao&" a 2a*$* fo&

2&$!%$!% a 'hae!%e, +&ov$"e" #he Co ha* *'$e!# fa'#* 2efo&e $# #o e!a2e $# #o$!#e$%e!#- a""$'a#e #he $**e*.K50 He&e$!, #he fa'#* a&e !o# $! "o2#, fo& o!- e%a$**e* &e)a$!.

"ub4a)6ve Mer64

I

+ro6b66o) u)*er "e;6o) 15, Ar6;e II *oe4 )o ayo ao6)e)4 o a va;a);y 6) e "uree Cour

or o oer ao6)e)4 o e &u*6;6ary

To 'o!*#$##$o!a +&ov$*$o!* a&e *ee)$!%- $! 'o!$'#.

The =&*#, Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II >Ee'#$ve De+a)e!#?, +&ov$"e*G

Se'#$o! 10. To )o!#h* $))e"$a#e- 2efo&e #he !e# +&e*$"e!#$aee'#$o!* a!" + #o #he e!" of h$* #e&), a P&e*$"e!# o& A'#$!% P&e*$"e!#*ha !o# )ae a++o$!#)e!#*, e'e+# #e)+o&a&- a++o$!#)e!#* #oee'#$ve +o*$#$o!* he! 'o!#$!e" va'a!'$e* #he&e$! $ +&e"$'e+2$' *e&v$'e o& e!"a!%e& +2$' *afe#-.

The o#he&, Se'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III >J"$'$a De+a)e!#?, *#a#e*G

Se'#$o! . >1?. The S+&e)e Co *ha 2e 'o)+o*e" of a Ch$ef J*#$'e a!" foee! A**o'$a#e J*#$'e*. I# )a- *$# en anc o& $! $#*"$*'&e#$o!, $! "$v$*$o! of #h&ee, =ve, o& *eve! Me)2e&*. A!- va'a!'-*ha 2e =e" $#h$! !$!e#- "a-* f&o) #he o''&&e!'e #he&eof.



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I! #he 'o!*o$"a#e" +e#$#$o!*, #he +e#$#$o!e&*, $#h #he e'e+#$o! of So&$a!o, Toe!#$!o a!" I!#$!%, *2)$# #ha# #he $!')2e!# P&e*$"e!# 'a! a++o$!# #he *''e**o&of Ch$ef J*#$'e P!o +o! h$* &e#$&e)e!# o! Ma- 14, :1, o! #he %&o!" #ha# #he+&oh$2$#$o! a%a$!*# +&e*$"e!#$a a++o$!#)e!#* !"e& Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II "oe* !o#e#e!" #o a++o$!#)e!#* $! #he J"$'$a&-.

The Co a%&ee* $#h #he *2)$**$o!. :irst. The &e'o&"* of #he "e$2e&a#$o!* of #he Co!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o! &evea

#ha# #he f&a)e&* "evo#e" #$)e #o )e#$'o*- "&af#$!%, *#-$!%, a!" a&&a!%$!% #heCo!*#$##$o!. S'h )e#$'o*!e** $!"$'a#e* #ha# #he o&%a!$3a#$o! a!" a&&a!%e)e!#of #he +&ov$*$o!* of #he Co!*#$##$o! e&e !o# a&2$#&a&$- o& h$)*$'a- "o!e 2- #hef&a)e&*, 2# +&+o*e- )a"e #o &ee'# #he$& $!#e!#$o! a!" )a!$fe*# #he$& v$*$o! of ha# #he Co!*#$##$o! *ho" 'o!#a$!.

The Co!*#$##$o! 'o!*$*#* of 17 A$'e*, #h&ee of h$'h e)2o"- #he ao'a#$o!

of #he ae*o)e +oe&* of %ove&!)e!# a)o!% #he #h&ee %&ea# "e+a)e!#*, #heLe%$*a#$ve >A$'e (I?, #he Ee'#$ve >A$'e (II?, a!" #he J"$'$a De+a)e!#*

>A$'e (III?. The a&&a!%e)e!# a* a #&e &e'o%!$#$o! of #he +&$!'$+e of *e+a&a#$o!of +oe&* #ha# !"e&$e* #he +o$#$'a *#&'#&e, a* Co!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o!e&A"ofo S. A3'!a >a#e& a oh- )e)2e& of #he Co? e+a$!e" $! h$* *+o!*o&*h$+*+ee'hG

We have $! #he +o$#$'a +a of #h$* Co!*#$##$o! o+#e" fo& #he

*e+a&a#$o! of +oe&* $! %ove&!)e!# 2e'a*e e 2e$eve #ha# #he o!-a- #o +&o#e'# f&ee"o) a!" $2e- $* #o *e+a&a#e a!" "$v$"e #heae*o)e +oe&* of %ove&!)e!#. He!'e, e &e#&! #o #he *e+a&a#$o! of +oe&* "o'#&$!e a!" #he e%$*a#$ve, ee'#$ve a!" "$'$a"e+a)e!#*.K55

A* 'a! 2e *ee!, A$'e (II $* "evo#e" #o #he Ee'#$ve De+a)e!#, a!",

a)o!% o#he&*, $# $*#* #he +oe&* ve*#e" 2- #he Co!*#$##$o! $! #he P&e*$"e!#. The+&e*$"e!#$a +oe& of a++o$!#)e!# $* "ea# $#h $! Se'#$o!* 1, 10 a!" 15 of #heA$'e.

A$'e (III $* "e"$'a#e" #o #he J"$'$a De+a)e!# a!" "e=!e* #he "#$e* a!"

a$='a#$o!* of Me)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co, a)o!% o#he&*. Se'#$o! >1? a!"Se'#$o! / of #h$* A$'e a&e #he +&ov$*$o!* *+e'$='a- +&ov$"$!% fo& #he a++o$!#)e!#of S+&e)e Co J*#$'e*. I! +a$'a&, Se'#$o! / *#a#e* #ha# #he a++o$!#)e!# of S+&e)e Co J*#$'e* 'a! o!- 2e )a"e 2- #he P&e*$"e!# +o! #he *2)$**$o! of a$*# of a# ea*# #h&ee !o)$!ee* 2- #he JBC; Se'#$o! >1? of #he A$'e )a!"a#e* #heP&e*$"e!# #o = #he va'a!'- 2ithin / "a-* f&o) #he o''&&e!'e of #he va'a!'-.

Ha" #he f&a)e&* $!#e!"e" #o e#e!" #he +&oh$2$#$o! 'o!#a$!e" $! Se'#$o! 10,

A$'e (II #o #he a++o$!#)e!# of Me)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co, #he- 'o" havee+$'$#- "o!e *o. The- 'o" !o# have $%!o&e" #he )e#$'o* o&"e&$!% of #he+&ov$*$o!*. The- o" have easi#+ a!" sure#+ &$##e! #he +&oh$2$#$o! )a"e e+$'$#$! Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II a* 2e$!% ea- a++$'a2e #o #he a++o$!#)e!# of Me)2e&*of #he S+&e)e Co $! A$'e (III $#*ef, )o*# $e- $! Se'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III.

Tha# *'h *+e'$='a#$o! a* !o# "o!e o!- &evea* #ha# #he +&oh$2$#$o! a%a$!*# #he



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P&e*$"e!# o& A'#$!% P&e*$"e!# )a$!% a++o$!#)e!#* $#h$! #o )o!#h* 2efo&e #he!e# +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!* a!" + #o #he e!" of #he P&e*$"e!#* o& A'#$!% P&e*$"e!#*#e&) "oe* !o# &efe& #o #he Me)2e&* of #he S+&e)e Co.

A#ho%h "a#en$ue#aK54 'a)e #o ho" #ha# #he +&oh$2$#$o! 'ove&e" eve!

"$'$a a++o$!#)e!#*, $# 'a!!o# 2e "$*+#e" #ha# #he "a#en$ue#a "$'#) "$" !o#

=&)- &e*# o! #he "e$2e&a#$o!* of #he Co!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o!. The&e2-, #he'o!=&)a#$o! )a"e #o #he JBC 2- #he! Se!$o& A**o'$a#e J*#$'e Fo&e!3 D. Re%aa"oof #h$* Co, a fo&)e& )e)2e& of #he Co!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o!, a2o# #he+&oh$2$#$o! !o# 2e$!% $!#e!"e" #o a++- #o #he a++o$!#)e!#* #o #he J"$'$a&-, h$'h'o!=&)a#$o! "a#en$ue#a eve! e+&e**- )e!#$o!e", *ho" +&eva$. Reeva!#-, "a#en$ue#a a"vee" #o #he $!#e!# of #he f&a)e&* $! #he %e!e*$* of Se'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III, vi$ G

( . Intent o the Constitutiona# Commission

The o&!a of #he Co))$**$o! h$'h "&e + #he +&e*e!#

Co!*#$##$o! "$*'o*e* #ha# #he o&$%$!a +&o+o*a a* #o have a! eeve!6)e)2e& S+&e)e Co. Co))$**$o!e& Eo%$o Le&) a!#e" #o$!'&ea*e #he !)2e& of J*#$'e* #o =f#ee!. He a*o $*he" #o e!*&e#ha# #ha# !)2e& o" !o# 2e &e"'e" fo& a!- a++&e'$a2e e!%#h of #$)e >eve! o!- #e)+o&a&$-?, a!" #o #h$* e!" +&o+o*e" #ha# a!-va'a!'- )*# 2e =e" $#h$! #o )o!#h* f&o) #he "a#e #ha# #heva'a!'- o''&*. H$* +&o+o*a #o have a 106)e)2e& Co a* !o#$!$#$a- a"o+#e". Pe&*$*#$!% hoeve& $! h$* "e*$&e #o )ae 'ea$! #ha##he *$3e of #he Co o" !o# 2e "e'&ea*e" fo& a!- *2*#a!#$a +e&$o"a* a &e*# of va'a!'$e*, Le&) +&o+o*e" #he $!*e$o! $! #he +&ov$*$o!>a!e!# #he Co* )e)2e&*h$+? of #he *a)e )a!"a#e #ha# IN CASE OFAN< (ACANC!o a Me)2e& of #h$* Co? #o a"" #o ha# $*!o Se'#$o! / of A$'e (III, #he foo$!% +a&a%&a+hG WITH RESPECT

TO LOWER COURTS, THE PRESIDENT SHALL ISSUE THE APPOINTMENTWITHIN NINET< DAof !o)$!ee* 2- #he J"$'$a a!" Ba& Co!'$ #o #he P&e*$"e!#?. Dav$"e



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*#a#e" #ha# h$* +&+o*e a* #o +&ov$"e a !$fo&) &e fo& oe&'o*. A''o&"$!% #o h$), #he /6"a- +e&$o" *ho" 2e 'o!#e" f&o)*2)$**$o! of #he $*# of !o)$!ee* #o #he P&e*$"e!# $! v$e of #he+o**$2$$#- #ha# #he P&e*$"e!# )$%h# &ee'# #he $*# *2)$##e" #o h$) a!"#he JBC #h* !ee" )o&e #$)e #o *2)$# a !e o!e.

O! #he o#he& ha!", Se'#$o! 10, A$'e (II 6 h$'h $! ee'# "e+&$ve*#he P&e*$"e!# of h$* a++o$!#$!% +oe& #o )o!#h* $))e"$a#e-2efo&e #he !e# +&e*$"e!#$a ee'#$o!* + #o #he e!" of h$* #e&) 6 a*a++&ove" $#ho# "$*'**$o!.K57

Hoeve&, #he &efe&e!'e #o #he &e'o&"* of #he Co!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o! "$" !o#a"va!'e o& *++o #he &e*# $! "a#en$ue#a. Fa& #o #he 'o!#&a&-, #he &e'o&"*"$*'o*e" #he e+&e** $!#e!# of #he f&a)e&* #o e!*h&$!e $! #he Co!*#$##$o!, +o! #he$!$#$a#$ve of Co))$**$o!e& Eo%$o Le&), a 'o))a!" K#o #he P&e*$"e!# #o = +a!- va'a!'- #he&e$! $#h$! / "a-* f&o) $#* o''&&e!'e, h$'heve! "a#en$ue#a 'o!'e"e".K5/ The e'ha!%e* "&$!% "e$2e&a#$o!* of #heCo!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o! o!O'#o2e& 7, 1/75 fhe& *ho #ha# #he =$!% of a

va'a!'- $! #he S+&e)e Co $#h$! #he /6"a- +e&$o" a* a true mandate fo& #heP&e*$"e!#, vi$ G

MR. DE CASTRO. I !"e&*#a!" #ha# o& *#$'e* !o $! #he S+&e)e

Co, #o%e#he& $#h #he Ch$ef J*#$'e, a&e o!- 11. MR. CONCEPCION. 1?, A$'e (III fo& #he P&e*$"e!# #o =#he va'a!'- $! #he S+&e)e Co a* !"o2#e"- a *+e'$a +&ov$*$o! #o e*#a2$*ha denite mandate fo& #he P&e*$"e!# a* #he a++o$!#$!% +oe&, a!" 'a!!o# 2e"efea#e" 2- )e&e "$'$a $!#e&+&e#a#$o! $! "a#en$ue#a #o #he ee'# #ha# Se'#$o! 10,A$'e (II +&eva$e" 2e'a*e $# a* 'o'he" $! stron'er ne'ative #an'ua'e. S'h

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$!#e&+&e#a#$o! eve! #&!e" o# #o 2e 'o!e'#&a, $! $%h# of #he &e'o&"* of #heCo!*#$##$o!a Co))$**$o!* "e$2e&a#$o!* o! Se'#$o! >1?, A$'e (III.

Ho "a#en$ue#a *#$=e" $#* +&o!o!'e)e!# a!" &e*# $* ha&"- a&&a!#e".

A''o&"$!% #o a! a#ho&$#- o! *#a##o&- 'o!*#&'#$o!GK4:

#he 'o *ho" *ee #o avo$" a!- 'o!$'# $! #he +&ov$*$o!* of #he *#a##e 2- e!"eavo&$!% #o ha&)o!$3e a!" &e'o!'$e eve&- +a *o#ha# ea'h *ha 2e ee'#$ve. I# $* !o# ea*- #o "&af# a *#a##e, o& a!-o#he& &$#$!% fo& #ha# )a##e&, h$'h )a- !o# $! *o)e )a!!e& 'o!#a$!'o!$'#$!% +&ov$*$o!*. B# ha# a++ea&* #o #he &ea"e& #o 2e a 'o!$'#)a- !o# have *ee)e" *o #o #he "&af#e&. U!"o2#e"-, ea'h +&ov$*$o!a* $!*ee" fo& a "e=!$#e &ea*o!. Of#e! 2- 'o!*$"e&$!% #he e!a'#)e!#$! $#* e!#$&e#-, ha# a++ea&* #o 2e o! $#* fa'e a 'o!$'# )a- 2e 'ea&e"+ a!" #he +&ov$*$o!* &am

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09 Jurisdiction Cases