08m13e10 - FARO USB Arm Basic Measurement Training Workbook for the Student - June 2005.pdf

VERSION 1.0BASIC MEASUREMENT TRAINING WORKBOOK

FAROARMUSBJUNE 2005

STUDENTS BOOK

CAM2MEASURE

©FARO Technologies, Inc. 2005. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of FARO Technologies Inc.

FARO TECHNOLOGIES INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE FARO ARM AND ITS MATERIALS, AND MAKES SUCH MATERIALS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN “AS-IS” BASIS.

IN NO EVENT SHALL FARO TECHNOLOGIES INC. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASE OR USE OF THE FARO ARM OR ITS MATERIALS. THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO FARO TECHNOLOGIES INC. REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN.

The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of FARO Technologies Inc.

FaroArm® CAM2® SPC Graph® and SPC Process® are registered trademarks of FARO Technologies Inc.

Windows® and Excel® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Inc.

DATAPAGE® is a registered trademark of Brown & Sharpe, Inc.

Pro/ENGINEER® is a registered trademark of Parametric Technology Corporation.

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FARO Technologies, Inc. Internal Control File Locations:F:\CONTROL\REFERENC\08PRODUC\ENGLISH\Prdpub13\08m13e10 - FARO USB Arm Basic Measurement Training Workbook for the Student - June 2005.pdfF:\CONTROL\RECORDS\05MANUFA\PARTSPEC\XH17-0360.pdf

• Course Introduction:

• This course will explain DIRECT (Dimensional Inspection Reverse Engineering and Control Tool) applications of the FaroArm.

• This course is designed to provide the basic skills necessary to measure a part, check a part, and compare measurements to nominal CAD files.

• There will be lectures, as well as hands-on exercises that will allow the student to practice the skills learned.

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Basic Measurement Training WorkbookVersion 1.0 June 2005

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Course ChecklistChapter 1: Hardware Overview

❑ FaroArm Control Station❑ Setting up the FaroArm❑ Connecting the Computer

❑ Referencing the Encoders❑ FaroArm Handle Buttons❑ FaroArm Errors❑ Important Topics - Hardware Overview

Chapter 2: Hardware Overview Practical❑ Practical Exercise

Chapter 3: Introduction to CAM2 Measure❑ Using this manual❑ Starting CAM2 Measure❑ Screen Layout

❑ Graphics Field❑ DRO Window❑ Pull-down Menus❑ Toolbar Buttons❑ Output Control Bar❑ Status Bar❑ Control Bars

❑ CAM2 Measure HELP❑ About CAM2

❑ Hotkeys - Viewing❑ Hotkeys - Viewing (on numeric keypad)❑ Shortcuts - Viewing (with the mouse)❑ Hotkeys - Commands❑ Important Topics - Introduction to CAM2 Measure

Chapter 4: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification❑ Calibration and Certification

❑ What is Calibration?❑ Certification

❑ Probe Calibration❑ XYZ Location❑ Probe Calibration Error

❑ Single Hole Method❑ Auxiliary Switch

❑ Important Topics - Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification


ii

Chapter 5: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Probe Calibration❑ Calibrate Probe❑ Single Point Certification

Chapter 6: Feature Measurement❑ Types of Features

❑ 2D Features❑ 3D Features

❑ Compensation❑ Plane Compensation❑ Compensation of a 2D Feature

❑ Review Features❑ Printing❑ Erasing

❑ Important Topics - Feature MeasurementChapter 7: Feature Measurement Practical

❑ Practical Exercises❑ Execute Mode❑ View Control❑ Review Features

Chapter 8: Basic Part Measurements❑ Coordinate Systems

❑ What is a Coordinate System?❑ Alignments❑ Feature Reducibility

❑ Feature Reducibility Exercise❑ Constructions

❑ What is a Construction?❑ Common Constructions

❑ Dimensions❑ What is a Dimension?❑ Tricky Dimensions

❑ Important Topics - Basic Part MeasurementChapter 9: Basic Part Measurements Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Setting the Alignment❑ Feature Measurements❑ Constructions


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❑ Changing Labels from Review Features❑ Dimensions❑ Printing and Saving a Text Report❑ Save The Measurements❑ Additional Coordinate Systems❑ Switching between coordinate systems.❑ Save Again

Chapter 10: Checking a Part❑ Nominals

❑ What is a Nominal?❑ Types of Nominals❑ CAD to Part Alignments❑ CAD=Part

❑ Important Topics - Checking a PartChapter 11: Checking a Part Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Getting the Nominals❑ Setting the Alignment❑ Save The Measurements❑ Measuring Features and Adding Nominals❑ Adding a Nominal through Review Features❑ Printing and Saving a Text Report❑ Save Again

Chapter 12: Checking a Part with CAD❑ Why Work with CAD?❑ CAD Terminology

❑ Types of CAD Data❑ IGES❑ 3DM❑ VDA

❑ Measurement Template❑ Iterative Alignment (Best Fit)❑ Automatic Nominal Association❑ Important Topics - Checking a Part With CAD

Chapter 13: Checking a Part with CAD Practical❑ Practical Exercise

❑ Translating an IGES File❑ Measuring the Alignment Features❑ Setting an Iterative Alignment❑ Save The Measurements❑ Measure the Remaining Features❑ Modifying On-Screen Labels


iv

❑ Printing and Saving a Text Report❑ Save Again

Chapter 14: Advanced Dimensions❑ Geometric Characteristics and Symbols❑ Form Dimensions❑ Orientation Dimensions

❑ Parallelism❑ Perpendicularity❑ Concentricity

❑ True Position Dimensions❑ RFS (Regardless of Feature Size)❑ MMC (Maximum Material Condition)

❑ Important Topics - Advanced DimensionsChapter 15: Advanced Dimensions Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Constructing Nominals❑ Creating a Nominal Alignment❑ Measure the Datum Features❑ Constructing the Measured Alignment❑ Position Dimensions❑ Printing and Saving a Text Report❑ Save The Measurements

Chapter 16: Surface Measurement❑ Why Measure a Surface?❑ Surface Measurement Commands

❑ Inspect Surface❑ Surface Edge Point❑ Surface Point❑ Home In Point

❑ Important Topics - Surface MeasurementChapter 17: Surface Measurement Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Translating and Adding the CAD data❑ Measuring and Creating an Alignment❑ CAD=Part❑ Save the Measurements❑ Checking a Surface❑ Checking an Edge❑ Using Home In Points❑ Printing and Saving a Text Report❑ Save Again


v

Chapter 18: Measurement Automation❑ Learn Mode

❑ On-Line Learn❑ Off-Line Learn

❑ Execute Mode❑ Important Topics - Measurement Automation

Chapter 19: On-Line Measurement Automation Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Translating and Adding CAD❑ Start Learning❑ Measure Alignment/Datum Features❑ Creating an Alignment❑ Constructions and Dimensions❑ Generating a Report❑ End Learn.❑ Execute Mode

Chapter 20: Off-Line Measurement Automation Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Translating and Adding CAD❑ Start Learning❑ Add Alignment/Datum Features❑ Adding an Alignment❑ Measuring Features❑ Adding Constructions and Dimensions❑ Generating a Report❑ End Learn❑ Execute Mode

Chapter 21: Move Device Position❑ Purpose

❑ Moving the Device❑ Realign the Part to the Device

❑ Important Topics - Move Device PositionChapter 22: Move Device Position Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Importing CAD File❑ Setting the Coordinate System❑ Save The Measurements❑ Measure Features for the Move Device Position


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❑ Performing the Move Device Position Command❑ Add Measurements to an Existing Feature

Chapter 23: Introduction to Scanning❑ What is Scanning❑ Why Scan❑ Which Scanning Option to Use?

❑ Freehand Scan❑ Lock Planes❑ Editing Scan data

❑ Important Topics - Introduction to ScanningChapter 24: Introduction to Scanning Practical

❑ Practical Exercise❑ Measuring and Creating an Alignment❑ CAD=Part❑ Save the Measurements❑ Scan Measurement Preference❑ Freehand Scanning (2D)❑ Parallel Lock Planes

Chapter 25: Tips and Tricks❑ The Measurement Track

❑ Examine the Task❑ Setup Considerations❑ Setting the Coordinate System and Alignment❑ Data Collection❑ Data Output❑ Other Hints

Basic Measurement Training WorkbookVersion 1.0 - June 2005

1Chapter 1: Hardware Overview

Chapter 1: Hardware Overview• OBJECTIVE – The instructor will demonstrate all the

necessary cable connections and prepare the FaroArm for measuring. After completing this exercise the student will know the proper mounting techniques to ensure accurate measurements.

FaroArm Control StationListed below is a few of the common components for the FaroArm Control Station systems.

❑ Surface Mount Plate❑ 2 - 6 mm Ball Probe❑ 1 - 3 mm Ball Probe ❑ FARO Calibration Cone❑ FARO Calibration Sphere❑ Wrench❑ USB Cable❑ Power Supply with electrical cable❑ FaroArm Accessories Manual❑ CAM2 Measure manual❑ CAM2 Measure Software CD❑ CAM2 Measure Port Lock - Required to run CAM2 Measure❑ Dust Cover - Use in dusty environments to protect the FaroArm

when not in use❑ FaroArm Certification Document

Setting up the FaroArmThe FARO Control Station contains an instruction sheet for the unpacking and setup of the tripod, computer, FaroArm, and printer.

It is very important that the FaroArm is mounted in a stable relationship to the part (the part should not move relative to the FaroArm). When in doubt, a dial indicator can be used to measure the deflection of the base of the FaroArm. Poor accuracy is generally caused by poor .



1 Attach the 3.5 inch threaded ring and surface mount plate to any stable location. Tighten all mounting bolts to 11.5 N-m (100-inch pounds).

2 Place the FaroArm on top of the 3.5 inch threaded ring.

3 Screw the threaded collar clamp onto the base of the FaroArm and the 3.5 inch threaded ring.

FIGURE 1-1 Mounting the Plate



4 Use the wrench to tighten the threaded collar clamp.

Connecting the ComputerThe host computer runs the CAM2 Measure software under the Microsoft Windows (2000, XP) environment.

The port lock plugs into the parallel (printer), or any USB port, and authorizes CAM2 Measure to operate.

The FaroArm output is through any PC-compatible

computer USB port.

The FaroArm is then connected to the Power Supply cable.

FIGURE 1-2 Mounting the FaroArm

• I = On.

• O = Off.

FIGURE 1-3 FaroArm cable connections

USBPORT

On/OffSWITCH



For safety reasons, the power cord should be connected .NOTE: Complete all cable connections before applying power to the computer and the FaroArm.

Referencing the Encoders

Each of the six (or seven) encoders in the FaroArm must be before the system can output data. The end stop warning window shows all six (or seven) encoders in error until each is referenced. In a systematic manner, rotate links one through six (or seven) until each warning clears.

NOTE: The FaroArm must be properly connected to the host computer running the measuring software to see the reference dialog box

1 FaroArm.

2 Computer.

3 USB Cable.

4 FaroArm Power Supply.

5 Power Outlet.

FIGURE 1-4 Connecting the Cables

FIGURE 1-5 Referencing the encoders

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4 5



FaroArm Handle ButtonsThe FRONT button is used to collect data, and the BACK button to accept the data.

• The FRONT button is green and nearest the probe.

• The BACK button is red and furthest from the probe.

The FaroArm has two sets of buttons, where the FRONT buttons and BACK buttons are redundant and wired together internally. When a button is pressed, the LED light turns on (red or green) and the Computer sounds.

FaroArm ErrorsThe FaroArm error codes are listed in the back of the FaroArm User Manual. If an error occurs, contact FARO Technologies Customer Support.

• Please have a written description of the error and what was done just before the error occurred.

• Know the FaroArm Serial Number and the operators Training Certification Number before calling. The Serial Number is listed on the base of the FaroArm.

FIGURE 1-6 FaroArm Handle Buttons

LED

BACK BUTTON

FRONT BUTTON



Important Topics - Hardware Overview • The FaroArm should always feel fluid in its movement.

• If excessive force is needed to move to a measuring location, a degree of freedom has probably been lost.

• The following figures illustrate some of the possible positions of a FaroArm where a degree of freedom has been lost.

• The 2 Sigma Single Point Accuracy Value is labeled on the FaroArm. In general, no measurement with the FaroArm should exceed the 3 Sigma Linear Displacement Accuracy Value.

• Poor accuracy is generally caused by poor mounting.

• Connect the power cable last.

• The port lock plugs into the computers parallel port and enables CAM2 Measure.

FIGURE 1-7 Loss of a Degree of Freedom


7Chapter 2: Hardware Overview Practical

Chapter 2: Hardware Overview Practical

Practical ExercisePractice the setup and packing of the FaroArm/CAM2 Measure system, or the FARO Control Station System.


Chapter 3: Introduction to CAM2 Measure

• Objective - The instructor will introduce the CAM2 Measure user interface. After completing this section the students will be able to customize system and hardware settings.

Using this manualThe practical sections of this manual include step by step instructions that instruct you in every step of the process. For example, when we want you to select a command, you will see the following text.

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select POINT > SURFACE POINT.

You should use the mouse to select the command from the pull-down menu bar.

2 ❑ After selecting any command, you will see messages in the Output control bar at the bottom of the screen.

FIGURE 3-1 Selecting commands from the menu

9Chapter 3: Introduction to CAM2 Measure


Chapter 3: Introduction t

Starting CAM2 MeasureSelect CAM2 Measure from the Windows START button.

Select the units: inches, or millimeters. This creates a new file on the screen.

NOTE: The units cannot be switched during the measurement session.

The default Part Preferences automatically load, these set the decimal places, tolerances, report formats, and other part related preferences. You can use CAM2 Measure without a measuring device. This is often called using CAM2 Measure off line.

Screen Layout

NOTE: This figure above shows the default setup, but you customize the screen layout by dragging the toolbars and control bars.

1 Graphics Field 2 Toolbar Buttons

3 Digital Read Out (DRO) 4 Output Bar5 Pull Down menu 6 Status Bar7 Control Bars

FIGURE 3-2 Screen Layout

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3

1

2

5

7

4

10o CAM2 Measure


Graphics Field

The major portion of the CAM2 Measure screen is consumed by the graphics field. This is the area that displays the measurements, and CAD data.

DRO Window

The Digital Readout (DRO) Window displays the current coordinate information from the measuring device. This window is on top of the CAM2 Measure window and you can be move and size it with the mouse. Hide the window by pressing the D key on the computer keyboard. Press the D key again to display the DRO Window. These keyboard keys are referred to as in CAM2 Measure. There are many more hot keys listed in the back of this section.

Pull-down Menus

On the top of the screen there is a pull-down menu bar. All the CAM2 Measure commands can be accessed from the menu bar using the mouse.

FIGURE 3-3 Graphics Field

FIGURE 3-4 Digital ReadOut

FIGURE 3-5 Pull-down menu bar




Toolbar Buttons

Along the top of the screen are the toolbars. Toolbars consist of with pictures that represent the different commands. If the mouse is hovered over a button for a few seconds a tool tip appears describing the function of the tool bar button. A longer description also appears at the bottom of the screen in the Status Bar.

Output Control Bar

On the bottom of the screen is the Output Control Bar. Instruction for the appears here, so take a look at it often. The Output Control Bar appears automatically when new text is added by the program, and will collapse after a few seconds.

Status Bar

On the very bottom of the screen is the Status Bar. The description of the highlighted command appears on this bar, as well as the current units and the XYZ location of the cursor in the CAD coordinate system.

FIGURE 3-6 Toolbar Buttons

FIGURE 3-7 Output Control Bar

FIGURE 3-8 Status Bar

12o CAM2 Measure


Control Bars

Along the left side of the screen are the three Control Bars. The Navigator, Saved Views, and CAD Parts bars provide quick access to some of the more commonly used commands.

CAM2 Measure HELPCAM2 Measure uses a standard Windows HTML Help file. You can search through the help file by utilizing contents, index, or a keyword by using each tab on the left side of the Help window. The CAM2 MeasureUser Manual is also available on the User Manual CD-ROM. You can view, search, and print the electronic file (*.pdf) using Adobe Acrobat Reader software.

About CAM2

About CAM2 Measure displays the version, build number and FARO Customer Service contact information.

FIGURE 3-9 Control Bars

FIGURE 3-10 About CAM2




Hotkeys - ViewingKeys Command

i Zooms In

o Zooms Out

e Reset the View, or Zoom All

w Zoom Window

WUXV Pan

a Device View (point the probe and press the FRONT button to set the view)

^ Top View

% Side View

$ Front View

) Isometric View

C+t Center View

S+A+E Full Screen

S++ Increase Whisker Scale

- Decrease Whisker Scale

14o CAM2 Measure


Hotkeys - Viewing (on numeric keypad)

NOTE: On most Laptop computers there is a L key which switches a section of the keyboard to function as the numeric keypad from a full size keyboard.

Shortcuts - Viewing (with the mouse)

Keys Command

+ Zooms In

- Zooms Out

8462 Pan

7 Rotate around X Counterclockwise

9 Rotate around X Clockwise

1 Rotate around Y Counterclockwise

3 Rotate around Y Clockwise

0 Rotate around Z Counterclockwise

. Rotate around Z Clockwise

Keys Command

S and drag the Right Mouse buttonDynamic Zoom

Mouse Wheel Button Dynamic Zoom

C and drag the Right Mouse buttonDynamic Pan

CS and drag the Right Mouse buttonDynamic Rotate




Hotkeys - CommandsKeys Command

É Help

G Cancel

Ê Measure a Comp Off Point

! Measure a Comp Axis Point

Ë Measure a Plane

Ì Measure a 2D Line

Ò Measure a Circle

Ó Measure a Cylinder

Ô Measure a Sphere

d Turns off the DRO (digital read out)

p Change Probe

t Reset Interferometer (FARO Laser Tracker Only)

n Set Distance Mode (FARO Laser Tracker Only)

s Search (FARO Laser Tracker Only)

x Switch between Single Point and Scan Mode

m Material Thickness (Sheet Metal commands only)

I Collect Reading

H Compensation Point

B Remove Reading

16o CAM2 Measure


Important Topics - Introduction to CAM2 Measure

• Use the toolbar buttons, or the pull-down menu bar to access commands.

• CAM2 Measure runs both with or without a FaroArm.

• CAM2 Measure translates IGES, VDA, CATIA v4 and v5, Unigraphics, Parasolid, SolidWorks, Solid Edge and OpenNURBS file formats. For other CAD formats, use Rhino software to import your file and save as an OpenNURBS file.

• Never turn off the computer while CAM2 Measure is running.



19Chapter 4: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification

Chapter 4: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification

• OBJECTIVE - The instructor will demonstrate the procedure for calibrating probes. After completing this section the student will be able to perform a proper probe calibration technique.

Calibration and CertificationWhat is Calibration?

Calibration is the process by which a measurement device is optimized to perform measurements accurately. The FaroArm is calibrated at the factory and will maintain its accuracy unless it is damaged.

Probe Calibration

The FaroArm collects data by touching your part with a probe attached to the end of the handle. Once the probe is attached, the X,Y,Z location of the probe tip, relative to the FaroArm's coordinate system, must be determined prior to measuring. Since the circumference of the probe tip always touches the part, the probe's center must be determined. This is why probe calibration is necessary.

Calibrate the probe prior to every measurement session, or if you are using several probes, calibrate each any time you switch. While it is true that a straight probe can be removed and replaced very accurately, it is still good practice to perform the probe calibration.

There are two acceptable ways to calibrate a probe.

• Single Hole Method. Recommended for standard ball probes.

• Sphere Method. Recommended for touch trigger probes and point probes.

In this course we will present the Single Hole method.



Certification

Certification is the process by which a measurement device is tested to determine its accuracy. In this course we will practice the FARO Single Point method for single point repeatability certification. This test can be performed before any measurement survey to ensure that

the device is performing within specification.

Probe CalibrationThe probe calibration is the most critical task performed during any measurement session. If the probe calibration is good, the measurements will be accurate. If the probe calibration is bad, the measurements will not be accurate.

XYZ Location

The last axis of the arm has its own . The location of the center of the ball probe will be reported in this coordinate system. Using the same probe, the FaroArm should be able to repeat this value with better results than the single-point accuracy of the device.

Probe Calibration Error

A PASS condition indicates a result with a low calibration error (2 Sigma value equals or below device specification). A FAIL condition indicates a result with a high calibration error (2 Sigma value above device specification).

FIGURE 4-1 Probe Calibration



Single Hole Method

The Single Hole calibration is performed using the FARO probe calibration cone, or a 5mm machine drilled hole. The hole does not have to be exactly 5mm, but must be smaller than the probe’s diameter with a smooth seat.

All of the points in this method will be collected by holding down the FRONT button. The FaroArm will collect points as fast as possible (scanning) until the FRONT button is released.

Auxiliary Switch

To use a Renishaw touch probe, the Auxiliary switch will need to be activated by selecting the EDIT button. Be sure to deactivate it when using a hard probe.

Important Topics - Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification

• The probe diameter must be specified prior to performing a probe calibration.

• Probe calibration should be performed anytime the probe is changed or the probe is damaged.

• The Single Point Certification test is a quick way to see if the FaroArm is calibrated correctly.

• Proper technique is the most important factor in achieving a good probe calibration.

Position #1

Position #2

Position #3


23Chapter 5: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification Practical

Chapter 5: Probe Calibration and FaroArm Certification Practical

Practical ExerciseThis exercise will calibrate the probe and perform a single-point certification.

Probe Calibration

The Single Hole calibration is performed using the FARO Calibration Cone, or machined hole smaller than the diameter of the ball probe. The machined hole must have a smooth seat, and the ball probe must fix securely in the hole.

Calibrate Probe

1 ❑ From the DEVICES menu, select PROBES.

2 ❑ From the CURRENT PROBE pull down, select 6mm Ball Probe.

3 ❑ Click the Single Hole Method button.

4 ❑ Place the ball probe in the cone in the horizontal position #1.

FIGURE 5-1 Probe Calibration



5 ❑ Press and hold the FRONT button.

CAUTION: The probe must be well-seated in the hole when digitizing all calibration points. Even one or two poorly digitized points significantly affects the optimization process, which then has an effect on the accuracy of the FaroArm.





• Sweep the handle up to vertical position. Be sure that the ball probe remains seated in the hole

• Release the FRONT button.

FIGURE 5-2 Single Hole Method Sweep 1









10 ❑ Press the BACK button

11 ❑ Check the Calibration.

12 ❑ Repeat the probe calibration two more times.

Results

1 ❑ Click the VIEW LOG button.

2 ❑ Compete the following table.

NOTE: Results should be half the two sigma single point accuracy of the measurement device. Two sigma single point accuracy is specified on the device label.

• If Calibration Status = Passed, click OK.

• If Calibration Status = Failed, click the RETRY button and repeat step 4 though 10.

FIGURE 5-5 Pass or Fail?

FIGURE 5-6 View Log

Results:

DX1=______(X1-X2), DY1=______(Y1-Y2), DZ1=______(Z1-Z2)

DX2=______(X2-X3), DY2=______(Y2-Y3), DZ2=______(Z2-Z3)

DX3=______(X3-X1), DY3=______(Y3-Y1), DZ3=______(Z3-Z1)



Single Point Certification

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select CERTIFICATION < SINGLE POINT.

2 ❑ Place the probe in any of the small holes (P1 - P4) of the FARO standard demonstration part - base, or in the FARO calibration cone.

3 ❑ Press the FRONT button to start taking points. Take 50 points. Distribute the points evenly, while fully articulating the FaroArm.

4 ❑ Press the BACK button when done.

5 ❑ Enter information into the ENTER HEADER IMFORMATION dialog box for the certification report:

6 ❑ The measured 2 sigma value of X,Y and Z should be less than the specified 2 sigma value for X,Y and Z. Also, the 2 sigma length should be less than the 2 sigma linear displacement accuracy of the device. If not, repeat the test.

FIGURE 5-7 Certified two sigma single point accuracy

• Operator Name = Your Name.

• Name of Part = Single Point Test.

• Serial Number of the current part = 0001.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 5-8 Enter Header Information

S/N:S/N: P08020100763

Model:Model: P08 Rev:Rev: 4.4 Certified 2 SigmaCertified 2 SigmaSingle Point Accuracy:Single Point Accuracy:

Certification Certification Date:Date: Nov 18, 2001

+/- .025 mm.

MADE IN U.S.A.



7 ❑ Save the certification report to a file.

• Click the SAVE button.

• Click OK to FILE SAVED.

8 ❑ Click OK.

NOTE: The certification file is saved as the serial number.txt in the SPC Graph directories: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Faro\SPC Graph\Part Name\Serial Number.txt.


Chapter 6: Feature Measurement• OBJECTIVE: The instructor will demonstrate proper

measurement and compensation techniques. After completion of this section the student will learn to measure geometric features properly. They will also be able to differentiate the differences between measured, constructed and nominal features.

Types of Features

There are two basic types of features in CAM2 Measure, require a plane of projection, and do not.

29Chapter 6: Feature Measurement


Chapter 6: Feature Meas

2D Features

A 2D feature requires a plane of projection. When selecting a 2D feature from the measurement menu, the dialog box will appear. You will always need to select the plane to which the points will be projected. A good way to tell if a feature is 2D is the appearance of the dialog box.

FIGURE 6-1 Select Plane

1. Rectangular Slot 2. Circles

3. Round Slot 4. Ellipse

5. 2D LineFIGURE 6-2 2D Features

5

12

3

4

30urement


3D Features

A 3D feature does not require a plane of projection. 3D features also have some “depth,” and are displayed as within CAM2 Measure.

1. Cone 2. Sphere

3. CylindersFIGURE 6-3 3D Features

1

2

3




CompensationAfter the FaroArm’s probe has been calibrated you are ready to start measuring. When measuring with a ball probe, a point is taken in the center of the probe each time the FRONT button is pressed. The point actually needs to be projected the radius of the probe in order for the measurement to be taken in the correct location. The distance between the point of contact and the center of probe is known as Probe Offset. This transfer of the point from the center of the probe to the correct location is known as probe compensation.

NOTE: The location of the probe is extremely important when the BACK button of the FaroArm is pressed.

1. Probe Tip 2. Center of the probe

3. Probe OffsetFIGURE 6-4 Probe Offset

3

2

1

32urement


To better explain this subject here are a few examples.

Plane Compensation

A plane is defined using the center of the probe for each point taken with the FRONT button as shown below.

FIGURE 6-5 Plane Measurement

FIGURE 6-6 Pre-Plane




This plane can then be compensated in one of two directions. The correct compensation depends on where the BACK button is pressed. In this situation the BACK button is to be pressed above the plane. The plane will then be compensated down the distance equal to the probe radius.

FIGURE 6-7 Probe Compensation

34urement


Compensation of a 2D Feature

When measuring a 2D feature the SELECT PLANE dialog box appears. Each point of the 2D feature is automatically projected to that selected plane. Compensation for the probe diameter will be performed when measuring 2D features. When measuring a hole, the hole will be measured as a circle projected to a selected plane. The compensation point is taken by pressing the BACK button inside the hole for an inner diameter, outside the post for an outer diameter. This inner diameter concept is demonstrated below.

Measure at least three points inside the hole.

Each time the FRONT button is pressed that point is automatically projected to the selected plane.

FIGURE 6-8 Circle Measurement

FIGURE 6-9 Plane Projection




A circle is defined.

By compensating in the center of the hole the circle is offset the distance equal to the radius of the probe. This results in the correct diameter.

FIGURE 6-10 Pre-Compensated Circle

FIGURE 6-11 Circle Compensation

36urement


Review FeaturesReview Features allows the operator to see every feature that has been measured or constructed in a particular measurement session. All data is displayed in the current alignment.

Printing

From Review Features a graphical text report can be printed to a printer, saved to a file, or e-mailed.

Erasing

Delete extra or un-needed features with the DELETE icon, or with the

ERASE button in the REVIEW FEATURES dialog box.

Important Topics - Feature Measurement• A 2D feature requires a plane of projection.

• A 3D feature does not require a plane of projection.

• The FRONT button is used to take measured points. The BACK button is used to compensate for the radius of the probe.



Chapter 7: Feature Measurement Practical

Practical ExercisesExecute Mode

EXECUTE mode allows the operator to run pre-programmed measurement routines. To help get accustomed to the FaroArm, measure several of the pre-programmed measurements.

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select LEARN/EXECUTE < EXECUTE ONLY.

2 ❑ Click NO when prompted to save changes.

3 ❑ Choose the file type.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure will not prompt you for this information if the portlock is not authorized to write SoftCheck Tools.

4 ❑ From the LIST window, select 10REF088_XLN Basic Measurements.

5 ❑ Click the EXECUTE button.

• Select CAM2 Measure Learn File (*.xln).

• Click OK.

FIGURE 7-1 Choose File type

FIGURE 7-2 Select the Basic Measurements Program

39Chapter 7: Feature Measurement Practical



6 ❑ Wait a few seconds while the CAD file loads.

7 ❑ Read each COMMENT box.

8 ❑ Click the OK button to clear the comments box.

9 ❑ Follow the glowing targets to measure the points using the FRONT button on the FaroArm.

10 ❑ Once all the points for a feature are measured, a trickle down tone will be played by the computer. Press the BACK button on the FaroArm.

REMEMBER: The location of where the BACK button is pressed determines the direction of the probe compensation.

11 ❑ Measure all the features in the program in the same manner.

NOTE: After you accept the results of each measurement, an on-screen label adds to the CAD screen. Press the L hot key to automatically arrange these on-screen labels

The measurement routine is automatically performing alignments, constructions, and dimensions. These commands will be discussed in detail in the following chapters.

12 ❑ After the last measurement, the program will prompt the operator to measure another part, press the FRONT button for YES.

FIGURE 7-3 Comment box

FIGURE 7-4 Repeat the Program?

40urement Practical


View Control

Run the program again.

Try the following view commands:

Hot Keys - Viewing

Keys Command

i Zooms In

o Zooms Out

e Reset the View, or Zoom All

w Zoom Window

WUXV Pan

a Device View (point the probe and press the FRONT button to set the view)

^ Top View

% Side View

$ Front View

) Isometric View

C+t Center View

S+A+E Full Screen

S++ Increase Whisker Scale

- Decrease Whisker Scale




Hot Keys - Viewing (on numeric keypad)

NOTE: On most Laptop computers there is a L key which switches a section of the keyboard to function as the numeric keypad from a full size keyboard.

At the end of the program, when prompted to measure another part, press the BACK button for NO. The graphics screen now contains all of the features that have just been measured and all of the nominal features from the program.

Keys Command

+ Zooms In

- Zooms Out

8462 Pan

7 Rotate around X Counterclockwise

9 Rotate around X Clockwise

1 Rotate around Y Counterclockwise

3 Rotate around Y Clockwise

0 Rotate around Z Counterclockwise

. Rotate around Z Clockwise

42urement Practical


Review Features

To view the measurement data, use the Review Features command.

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select REVIEW FEATURES.

2 ❑ Take a look at the features by selecting them in the FEATURE LIST.

NOTE: Measurements have the M_ prefix. Constructions have the C_ prefix. Nominals have the N_ prefix.

FIGURE 7-5 Review Features



Chapter 8: Basic Part Measurements

• OBJECTIVE: The instructor will introduce coordinate systems and alignments. After completion of this section the student will understand the concepts of plane (3), line (2), and point (1) reducibility. The student will gain an understand of how and why coordinate systems are used.

Coordinate SystemsWhat is a Coordinate System?

Coordinate systems are XYZ reference frames built from measured features. Start by measuring the features that will be used to construct a coordinate system. These are sometimes called features.

CAM2 Measure offers many ways to establish coordinate systems, in this section two of the most common coordinate systems: the 3-2-1 and the Line-Line will be presented. CAM2 Measure also allows the operator to set up different coordinate systems and switch between them. New coordinate systems can be created from existing coordinate systems.

45Chapter 8: Basic Part Measurements


Chapter 8: Basic Part Me

Two coordinate systems that are used in this class:

1 The XYZ coordinate system of the measurement device and of the nominal features are known as the World Coordinate System or WCS (1).

2 The XYZ coordinates that are constructed from a coordinate system on the part are know as the Users Coordinate System or UCS (2).

AlignmentsWhat is an Alignment?

The term alignment comes from the traditional (Coordinate

Measuring Machine), to indicate that the part needs to be to the coordinate system of the machine.

In CAM2 Measure, the coordinate system of the measured features is aligned with the coordinate system of nominal features. This allows you to compare the measured part to the design data. The process is also known as CAD to Part alignment.

An alignment should be as soon as possible.

1 Device, Software or Nominal Coordinate System

2 Part or Constructed Coordinate System

FIGURE 8-1 Coordinate System

2

1

46asurements


Feature ReducibilityFeature Reducibility is a term used to describe that one type of feature can be used like another type for alignments, constructions and dimensions.

For example, a circle is , that means it can be used like a point for alignments, constructions, or dimmensions.

A Circle is also Line reducible and Plane reducible.

FIGURE 8-2 Point Reducability

FIGURE 8-3 Line and Plane Reducability




Feature Reducibility Exercise

Complete the following feature reducibility table:

Plane Line Point

Arc

Circle

Cylinder

Cone

Ellipse

Line

Plane

Point

48asurements


Rectan-gular Slot

Round Slot

Sphere

Plane Line Point




ConstructionsWhat is a Construction?

A construction allows you to create features that cannot be measured directly. Sometimes points or other features are specified on a drawing but do not actually exist on the part. For example, the intersection of two lines where the corner has a fillet or radius.

Common Constructions

The following is a list of some of the more common constructions used in basic measurement:

1 Point:• Line/Line: Intersection of two lines.

• Line/Feature: Intersection of line and another feature. (Such as plane or sphere)

FIGURE 8-4 Intersection Point

50asurements


2 Circle:• Best-fit: Bolt circle diameters.

3 Plane:• Parallel: Constructs a plane at a known distance from another plane.

• Bisector: Constructs a plane between two planes.

There are many constructions available. Review the constructions to evaluate which commands can be applied to a measurement task.

FIGURE 8-5 Bolt Hole Circle




DimensionsWhat is a Dimension?

A dimension describes the relationship between two or more features. There are several types of dimensions available in CAM2 Measure:

1 Length: Displays the 3D distance between two features as well as the change in X, Y and Z.

FIGURE 8-6 Point to Point distance

FIGURE 8-7 Point to Line distance

52asurements


FIGURE 8-8 Point to Plane distance




2 Angle: Displays the angle between two (or three) features.

3 Orientation: These are geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) features that display a length result. CAM2 Measure has a separate pull-down menu for a variety of GD&T dimensions.

FIGURE 8-9 Angle Line to Line

54asurements


Tricky Dimensions

Most CAM2 Measure dimensions are fairly straight forward, but there are few that are confusing:

Dimension > Length > Line to Line, or Dimension > Length > Plane to Plane:

This gives the minimum distance between two features. The length is measured from the center point of one feature to the perpendicular distance of the other feature. Selecting the features in the opposite order will generate a different result.

A measured or constructed point on one of the features and the Dimension > Length > Point to Line, or Dimension > Length > Point to Plane command provides the best solution.

FIGURE 8-10 Dimension Line/Line or Plane/Plane




Important Topics - Basic Part Measurement• All coordinate systems behave in the same manner. Each coordinate

system requires a plane, a line, and a point.

• Feature reducibility is a term used to describe a feature for coordinate systems, constructions, and dimensions.

• A best fit circle is constructed using at least three point reducible features.

56asurements


Chapter 9: Basic Part Measurements Practical

Practical ExerciseUsing the base plate of the demo part, complete a typical measurement session. In the first exercise, the EXECUTE command was used. This exercise will allow you to be more independent and select the commands from the pull-down menu bar

Set the alignment by measuring the datum features. In this case, the top face of the plate will be the base plane and the edges of the plate will define the X-axis and origin respectively.

Setting the Alignment

For this practical, start with a new file and load the correct part preferences.

As default, CAM2 Measure automatically loads millimeters as the units, ± 1.27 as the tolerances, and a DRO display of 4 numbers after the decimal. It is very likely that your part will not use these values. However, CAM2 Measure has the ability to modify, save and load part preferences.

FIGURE 9-1 FARO Demonstration Part

E

12

3

45

6

7

89

10F

A

C D

B

G

P1 P2

P3 P4

57Chapter 9: Basic Part Measurements Practical



1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select NEW.

2 ❑ Click NO to save changes.

3 ❑ From the FILE menu, select PREFERENCES.

4 ❑ From the PART PREFERENCES, click LOAD.

5 ❑ Click OK.

NOTE: Loading the Metric-0.25mm file will change all the tolerances to±0.25mm. This will be the default value for every new feature added to CAM2 Measure.

• Drawing Units = Millimeters.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-2 Drawing Units

• Choose the Metric-0.25mm.xpp file.

• Click OPEN.

FIGURE 9-3 Load Tolerances

58asurements Practical


6 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select PLANE.

7 ❑ Measure the plane on the top of the plate.

8 ❑ Take a look at the results.

NOTE: The number of digits for the label (001) is determined by the Application Preference, Miscellaneous, Number of Digits for Label. The default value is three.

NOTE: The decimal place values are determined by the Part Preference, Display Decimal Places. The default value is four places to the left, three to the right.

• Take four or five points on the top of the plate by pressing the FRONT button.

• Pull up off the surface and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 9-4 Measure XY Plane

• The CENTER XYZ values describe the location of the center of the plane.

• The NORMAL IJK values describe the direction of the plane.

• RMS is the Root Mean Square value of the fit.

• STAND DEV is the Standard Deviation of the fit.

• MAX and MIN descirbe the measured point above and below the fit.

• FORM is the sum of MAX and MIN.

• If everything looks good, press the FRONT button to accept the results.

• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button to reject. Then re-measure the plane.

FIGURE 9-5 Plane Results




9 ❑ After accepting a plane, press the BACK button or the ESC key to cancel the plane measurement command.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure always continues to measure additional features until receiving a command to stop. Stop, or Cancel, the command by pressing the BACK button or by pressing the ESC key.

10 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select LINE < 2D LINE.

11 ❑ The SELECT PLANE dialog appears.

NOTE: After you accept the results of each circle measurement, an on-screen label adds to the CAD screen. Press the L hot key to automatically arrange these on-screen labels

• Select a Plane = M_PLANE001. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.




12 ❑ Measure the line on the edge that is nearest Cylinder G. Start from the edge by Sphere A, working towards Sphere B.


• Take four or five points on the side of the plate by pressing the FRONT button.

• Pull away from the surface and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 9-7 Measure X Axis

• The POINT XYZ values describe the first point on the line.

• The AXIS IJK values describe the direction of the line.

• RMS is the Root Mean Square value of the fit.

• STAND DEV is the Standard Deviation of the fit.

• MAX and MIN descirbe the measured point above and below the fit.



• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button to reject. Then re-measure the line.

FIGURE 9-8 Line Results




14 ❑ Continue with the Measure 2D Line command.

NOTE: The Part Preference for Auto Plane Selection is set to LAST (default). This will place all 2D features on the last plane selected in the SELECT PLANE dialog.


• Measure the line nearest Slot F. Measure in the direction from Sphere A towards Sphere C.

FIGURE 9-9 Measure Y Intercept






16 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select COORDINATE SYSTEM < LINE/LINE.

NOTE: The Z Rotation IJK is the vector of the previous Z Axis relative to the new Z Axis. The Translation XYZ values shows where the coordinate system has moved. The Z Angle Rotation is the angle between the previous Z Axis and the new Z Axis. RMS is the Root Mean Square value of the fit. STAND DEV is the Standard Deviation of the fit. MAX AND MIN descirbe the measured point above and below the fit. FORM is the sum of MAX and MIN.

17 ❑ Click OK to accept the coordinate system results.

18 ❑ From the ALIGNMENT menu, select CAD = PART (This step will be discussed in the next chapter).

NOTE: The Z Rotation IJK is the vector of the previous Z Axis relative to the new Z Axis. The Translation XYZ values shows where the alignment has moved. The Z Angle Rotation is the angle between the previous Z Axis and the new Z Axis. RMS is the Root Mean Square value of the fit. STAND DEV is the Standard Deviation of the fit. MAX and MIN descirbe the measured point above and below the fit. FORM is the sum of MAX and MIN. SCALE is the model scale used in temperature compensation.

• Select a Plane = M_PLANE001.

• Line Defined X-Axis = M_LINE001

• Select a Line = M_LINE002.

• Select CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-11 Line/Line Intersect Coordinate System

• Measured Coordinate System = C_COORDSYS001.

Sca

• Nominal Coordinate System = *WORLD*.

• Scale Option = None.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-12 CAD=Part Alignment




19 ❑ Click OK to accept the alignment results.

Feature Measurements

Measure the holes in the circular pattern starting with the hole that is labeled 1. See “FARO Demonstration Part” on page 57.

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select CIRCLE.


FIGURE 9-13 Base Plate Alignment


• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.




3 ❑ Measure the holes in the circular pattern starting with the hole that is labeled 1.

NOTE: In the RESULTS dialog box, the View Style changes from Simple to Tabular. After any alignment command, the View Style automatically changes to the Tabular style.


• Take four or five points around the circle by pressing the FRONT button.

• Move to the center of the hole and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 9-15 Measure Circle 1

• The CENTER XYZ values describe the location of the center of the circle.

• The DIAMETER value describes the Diameter of the circle.



• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button to reject. Then re-measure the circle.

FIGURE 9-16 Circle Results




5 ❑ CAM2 Measure always continues to measure circles until the command is canceled.

NOTE: After you accept the results of each circle measurement, an on-screen label adds to the CAD screen. Press the L hot key to automatically arrange these on-screen labels.

• Continue measuring all eight circles in the pattern (2-8).

FIGURE 9-17 Measure Circles 2 -8

FIGURE 9-18 Measured Circles 1 through 8



Constructions

Determine the diameter of the bolt circle pattern of the eight holes.

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select CIRCLE < BEST FIT.

2 ❑ Take a look a the results.

NOTE: Was the circle accepted before changing the label? You can change the feature label later using the REVIEW FEATURES command.

• Selected Choices = M_CIRCLE001 through M_CIRCLE008.



• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-19 Construct Circle Best Fit

• Label = BOLT_CIRCLE. This is the new name for this feature.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-20 Changing a Feature Label




Changing Labels from Review Features

NOTE: If the feature label was not changed in the RESULTS dialog, use the following steps to correct the feature label.


2 ❑ Double left mouse click on the bolt circle from the list of features.

• Select a Feature = C_CIRCLE001.

NOTE: The first object created in the file will be at the bottom of the list, the most recent feature at the top of the list.

3 ❑ Change the label. Type BOLT_CIRCLE.

• Select a Feature = BOLT_CIRCLE.

4 ❑ Click OK to exit REVIEW FEATURES.




Dimensions

To establish some dimensions measure a couple more features.

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select SPHERE.

2 ❑ Measure Sphere A.


• Take four or five points around the sphere by pressing the FRONT button.

• Pull away from the surface of the sphere and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 9-22 Measure Sphere A

• The CENTER XYZ values describe the location of the center of the circle.

• The DIAMETER value describes the Diameter of the circle.



• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button twice to reject. Then remeasure the sphere.

FIGURE 9-23 Sphere Results




4 ❑ CAM2 Measure always continues to measure spheres until the command is canceled. Continue measuring Sphere D.


6 ❑ From the DIMENSION menu, select LENGTH < POINT/POINT.

NOTE: Choose features from the drop-down list box, or use the FROM SCREEN button to pick it from the screen. In CAM2 Measure dialog

boxes, all feature drop-down list boxes have a FROM SCREEN button so you can choose the feature from the CAD screen instead of the list box.



FIGURE 9-24 Measure Sphere D

• If everything looks good, press the FRONT button button to accept the results.

• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button button twice to reject. Then remeasure the sphere.


• Select 1st Point = M_SPHERE001.

• Select 2nd Point = M_SPHERE002.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-26 Dimension Length Point/Point




8 ❑ From the DIMENSION menu, select ANGLE < APEX.


• The DELTA XYZ values describe the distance between the two center points along each axis.

• The LENGTH value describes the straight distance between the two center points.

• Click OK to accept the results.

FIGURE 9-27 Dimension Results

• Select 1st point = M_CIRCLE003_I.

• Select 2nd point = M_CIRCLE001_I.

• Select Apex = C_BOLT_CIRCLE.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-28 Dimension Angle Apex

• The ANGLE value is the angle between the three points.


FIGURE 9-29 Angle Results




Printing and Saving a Text Report

View the results of the features using the REVIEW FEATURES command.


2 ❑ Click the PRINT button.

3 ❑ Enter the following information in the ENTER HEADER INFORMATION dialog box:


• Operator’s name = your name.

• Name of the part = Basic Measurements.

• Serial number of the current part = 0001.

• Click OK.




4 ❑ The REPORT LIST shows the list of features for the report.

5 ❑ The REPORT PREVIEW shows a preview of the report.

6 ❑ Click the SAVE button to create a file of the report.

• Header = Header.

• Format = Simple.

• Picture = checked.

• Notes = unchecked.

• Auto Arrange Labels = checked.

• Calibration Error = unchecked.

• Lists = *DEFAULT LIST*.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-32 Report List

FIGURE 9-33 Report Preview

• File name = Basic Measurement.

• Save as type = MHTML Files (*.mht).

• Click SAVE.

FIGURE 9-34 Save As




7 ❑ Click OK to exit REPORT PREVIEW.


Save The Measurements

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select SAVE.

2 ❑ The SAVE AS dialog box appears.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure saves files in the CAM2 Measure Document (*.fce) format.

Additional Coordinate Systems

If for some reason the alignment is not correct, or a different coordinate system is required, CAM2 Measure is able to set up additional coordinate systems. For this exercise use the top surface of the plate, two spheres to define a line, and the center point of the bolt circle.

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select SPHERE.

2 ❑ Measure Sphere B.

• File name = Basic Measurement.

• Save as type = CAM2 Measure Document (*.fce).

• Click SAVE.

FIGURE 9-35 Save As



FIGURE 9-36 Measure Sphere B




4 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select COORDINATE SYSTEM < 3-2-1.

NOTE: Notice that the base plane can define something other than +XY, and the line can define something other than +X in the 3-2-1 coordinate system.

NOTE: This creates a new coordinate system to view the data. The X axis is perpendicular to M_PLANE001. The Y axis is parallel to a line between M_SPHERE001 and M_SPHERE003. The origin is located at the center of the bolt circle, C_BOLT_CIRCLE.

5 ❑ Click OK to accept the results.

• If everything looks good, press the FRONT button button to accept the results.

• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button button twice to reject. Then remeasure the sphere.



• Direction of Plane = +YZ.

• Select the radio button next to FIRST POINT ON AXIS.

• First Point on Axis = M_SPHERE001.

• Second Point on Axis = M_SPHERE003.

• Direction of Axis = +Y.

• Select Origin = C_BOLT_CIRCLE.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-38 3-2-1 Coordinate System




Switching between coordinate systems.

The blue coordinate system icon shows the active coordinate system. The green coordinate system icon shows the non-active coordinate systems. There are two ways to change the active coordinate system.

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select COORDINATE SYSTEM < SET ACTIVE.

NOTE: The active coordinate system is now on the corner of the plate.


NOTE: The active coordinate system is now on the center of the bolt circle.

Save Again


NOTE: CAM2 Measure now uses all the information entered when the SAVE AS command was selected previously. To change the file name, select SAVE AS and type a different file name.

• Set Active = C_COORDSYS001.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-39 Set Active Coordinate System

• Current Coordinate System = C_COORDSYS002.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 9-40 Set Active Coordinate System from Review Features



Chapter 10: Checking a Part• Objective: The instructor will introduce nominals and how

to compare measured objects to them. The students will be able to measure a feature and have CAM2 Measure determine if the dimension is out of tolerance.

NominalsWhat is a Nominal?

A nominal is the true value of a feature. The measured value of a part should be equal to or as close to the nominal value as possible. Compare to nominals to see if a part is good or bad, (or to update the print to match the part).

Types of Nominals

The engineering or design department will provide a 3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) file or a print that contains the nominal information for the part. CAM2 Measure has several methods to enter nominals into the file for comparison to the measurements.

1 Enter Values: Circles, Cones, Cylinders, Ellipses, Lines, Planes, Points, Slots, and Spheres are created by typing the known value. This is typically used when working with a paper drawing or hard copy, rather than an electronic copy of the CAD file.

2 From CAD: Translate, and add CAD models through IGES, VDA, CATIA® v4 and v5, Unigraphics®, Parasolid®, SolidWorks®, Solid Edge® and OpenNURBS formats. Then select the feature from the screen to add it to the CAM2 Measure database as a nominal.

3 Construct Nominal: Sometimes, when working with CAD data, holes and other features are not displayed as separate entities, but rather they only exist as edges of surfaces or solids. CAM2 Measure can construct a nominals by selecting points along the trimmed edge of a surface.

77Chapter 10: Checking a Part


Chapter 10: Checking a

CAD to Part Alignments

Nominals are considered CAD and measurements are considered the Part. To compare measured data to nominals a CAD to Part type alignment must be completed. This course will focus on the two commands; CAD=PART and ITERATIVE.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure will not compare the XYZ information of a measured feature to a nominal feature without an alignment.

CAD=Part

This command requires that some type of constructed coordinate system on the part using measured features. Selecting CAD=PART sets the current coordinate system equal to the CAD, or Nominal, coordinate system. This will overlay the measurements onto the CAD, or Nominal, data.

To use CAD=PART the coordinate system on the part must match the coordinate system on the CAD, or Nominal, data. In many cases the origin of the coordinate system will not be on the part. A rotation or a translation must be performed to get the coordinate system on the part to match the CAD, or Nominal, data.

The SCALE option allows the operator to adjust the measurement scale of the part, and adjust for temperature changes in the environment.

NOTE: Only use this functionality with very large parts, and are measuring over a extended period of time.

Important Topics - Checking a Part• CAD, or Nominal, data are the design values for the part.

• Create Nominal data in three different ways: From CAD, Enter Values, and Construct Nominals.

• A “CAD to Part” alignment must be successfully completed in order to compare measurements to nominals.

78 Part


Chapter 11: Checking a Part Practical

Practical ExerciseUse a drawing for nominal information. Measure alignment features, construct a coordinate system, complete an alignment, measure the remaining features, create and save an inspection report, and save the measurement file of your work.

Getting the Nominals

In this exercise check the demo part base using the reference drawing.

Datum features are specified in the print. The top surface is Datum A, the left edge is Datum B and the center circle is Datum C. Since the print does not show an X, Y, Z coordinate system, Datum A will be the XY plane, Datum B


B

B

3 12

A

B

1

C

D

03FRM049-REV 1

B

5 4

5 4 3 2

A

C

D

THIS DRAWING AND ALL THE INFORMATION THERIN IS THE PROPERTY OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INCORPORATED. THIS DRAWING IS CONFIDENTIAL AND MAY NOT BE MADE PUBLIC OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INCORPORATED. THIS DRAWINGIS LOANED SUBJECT TO RETURN UPON DEMAND AND SHALL NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO THE INTERESTS OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS TOLERANCES ARE: X .X .XX .XXX ANGLE±0.25 ±0.1 ±0.05 ±0.01 ±1°

INTERPRET DRAWING PER DOD-STD-100 AND ASME Y14.5. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

TITLE

Armed with Quality

BASE, DEMO FIXTURE

THREADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH HANDBOOK 28

FINSH REQUIRED63

15[.591]

[1.181]30

15[.591]

15[.591]

8X 20 [0.798]EQ. SP. ON A

140 [5.512] BC

25[.984]

+0.25-0.10

Ø 1.0 M A B C

A.50

50[1.969]

30[1.181]

25[.984]

100[3.94]

15[.591]

65[2.559]

170[6.693]

4X 5[.197]

50[1.969]

50[1.969]

30[1.181]

C60[2.362]

.50 A

.50

15°

160[6.299]

15[.591]

25[.984]

255[10.04]

20[.787]

40[1.575]

150[5.906]C

265[10.433]

300[11.811]

240[9.449]

65[2.559]

130[5.118]

167[6.575]

15[.591]

15[.591]

50[1.969]

20[.787] 20

[.787]

50[1.969]

65[2.56]

B.50 .50 B

20[.787]

SECTION B-B

79Chapter 11: Checking a Part Practical



will be the X axis and Datum C will be the origin of the coordinate system (This may vary depending on the part).

Setting the Alignment






5 ❑ Click OK.



• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


80Part Practical


7 ❑ Measure Datum A as a plane.







• Label = DATUM_A.



• Select a Plane = M_DATUM_A. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.





11 ❑ Measure Datum B as a line.


NOTE: After you accept the results of each measurement, an on-screen label adds to the CAD screen. Press the L hot key to automatically arrange these on-screen labels






• Label = DATUM_B.




• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.


82Part Practical


15 ❑ Measure Datum C as a circle.





• Move to the center of the hole and press the BACK button for compensation.


• Label = DATUM_C.



• Select a Plane = M_DATUM_A.

• Direction of Plane = +XY.

• Line Defined Axis = M_DATUM_B.

• Direction of Axis = +X.

• Select Origin = M_DATUM_C.

• Choose the CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK.





19 ❑ From the ALIGNMENT menu, select CAD=PART.


This saves the position of the part as an alignment.

Begin checking the features on the part. Remember to perform the CAD to Part type alignment to see the measured compared to the nominal values.



• Scale Option = NONE.

• Click OK.


FIGURE 11-14 Datum Alignment

84Part Practical





Measuring Features and Adding Nominals

After identifying X, Y, Z on the print, the XYZ and diameter values can be extracted from the print:

Measure circles 1, 3, 5, and 7 in the bolt circle, starting with Circle 1 as indicated on the reference drawing of the demo part base.



• File name = Checking a Part.


• Click SAVE.

FIGURE 11-15 Save As

X Y Z Diameter

Circle 1 0.00 mm 70.00 mm 0.00 mm 20.00 mm

Circle 3 70.00 mm 0.00 mm 0.00 mm 20.00 mm

Circle 5 0.00 mm -70.00 mm 0.00 mm 20.00 mm

Circle 7 -70.00 mm 0.00 mm 0.00 mm 20.00 mm


• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.





3 ❑ Measure Circle 1.

4 ❑ Click on the NOMINALS tab.

5 ❑ Enter the nominal information.



• Label = CIRCLE001_I.


• Click on the KEY IN button.

FIGURE 11-18 Results Nominal Tab

• X= 0.0, Y = 70.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.

• Coordinate System = C_COORDSYS001.

• Select the NOMINAL radio button.

• Click OK.


FIGURE 11-19 Construct Circle Enter Values

86Part Practical


6 ❑ Click on the TOLERANCES tab.

7 ❑ Click the SAVE TO PREFERENCES button. This will save the tolerance information for the next circle

8 ❑ Click on the REPORT tab and see the deviations between the measured and the nominal.

9 ❑ Click OK to accept the circle.

• X= checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Y = checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Z = checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Diameter = checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.10.

• MMC = unchecked.

• Form = unchecked.

• RMS = unchecked.

• Std Dev = unchecked.

• RFS = unchecked.

FIGURE 11-20 Results Tolerance Tab

FIGURE 11-21 Tabular Results











• Click on the KEY IN button.

FIGURE 11-23 Results Nominal Tab

• X= 70.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.



88Part Practical




15 ❑ Click OK to accept the results. The nominal will be creted in Review Features.


17 ❑ Click OK to accept the RESULTS. The nominal will be creted in Review Features.












Adding a Nominal through Review Features


2 ❑ Select M_CIRCLE005_I from the SELECT A FEATURE list.


4 ❑ Click the KEY IN button .


6 ❑ Select M_CIRCEL007_I from the SELECT A FEATURE list.

7 ❑ Click the KEY IN button .


• X= 0.0, Y = -70.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.



• X= -70.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.



90Part Practical



1 ❑ Click on the PRINT button.



NOTE: The default Header and Format for CAM2 Measure is stored in Part Preferences. The default is Header and Tabular.


• Operator’s Name = Your Name.

• Name of the Part = Checking a Part.


• Click OK.



• Format = Tabular.






• All the features that are “On” the report will have a check mark in the ON/OFF column. To add or remove features from the report, click the check box to the left of the feature.

• Click OK.








Save Again



• Filename = Checking a Part.



FIGURE 11-31 Save Report

92Part Practical


Chapter 12: Checking a Part with CAD

• OBJECTIVE: The instructor will demonstrate how to use CAD as nominals and establish alignments. CAM2 SPC Graph will be used to create a graphical report. After completing this section the student will learn how to use CAD as nominals and generate graphical reports.

Why Work with CAD?CAM2 Measure can use CAD as nominals for measurement. CAM2 Measure helps to make it easy.

CAD TerminologyTypes of CAD Data

Wireframe: These entities define the outline of a part. They can include points, circles, arcs, lines, polylines and splines. A polyline is a bunch of line segments stitched together to approximate a curve. A spline is simple curve.

Surface: A surface is used to define the outer boundary of a part. Surfaces are typically used to define the geometry of complex curved parts such as automotive and aerospace sheet metal parts. Surfaces are very popular for creating cutting paths for CNC cutting tools.

Solid: A solid model is also used to define the outer boundary of a part, but solids have a thickness or mass. Solid modeling is popular for the design of a variety of parts. Many CAD systems start with a solid model then create the 2D drawings and 3D surfaces from the solid.

93Chapter 12: Checking a Part with CAD



IGES

IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Standard) was created to standardize data transfer between different CAD systems. IGES works very well for surface and wireframe entities, but not for text and dimensions.

3DM

3DM is the native file format for Rhinoceros® software (Rhino 3D). Rhino can create, edit, analyze, and translate NURBS curves, surfaces, and solids. Supported formats include; DWG/DXF, SAT (ACIS), X_T (Parasolid), STEP, VDA and IGES among others.

VDA

VDA is similar to IGES in that it is a standard used to translate data between different CAD systems. VDA is more prevalent in Europe.

Measurement TemplateThe Measurement Template command provides a quick method to create nominals, assign nominals, and guide you in the measurement of the part. You can run the Measurement Template command any time during the measurement process, but its primary function is to save time in the preliminary measurement and alignment tasks.

NOTE: A CAD file is not required to run the MEASUREMENT TEMPLATE command.

94 Part with CAD


Iterative Alignment (Best Fit)The ITERATIVE alignment command allows the use of several point-reducible features to best-fit them to their corresponding nominal values.

One difference of the ITERATIVE versus CAD=PART is that ITERATIVE does not require a constructed coordinate system. CAM2 Measure will use the coordinate system defined in the CAD model.

FIGURE 12-1 M = Measured data N =Nominal data

3

7

5

1

7

53

1

M

N

7

53

1M

N

95Chapter 12: Checking a Part with CAD



Automatic Nominal AssociationAfter a CAD to Part alignment is complete, CAM2 Measure will automatically look for the nearest nominal feature and associate it to the current measurement. Auto Nominal is an option in PREFERENCES. The default setting is ON when CAM2 Measure is installed.

NOTE: Changing the label of the measured feature in the RESULTS dialog box will change the label of any nominal that has been automatically associated.

Important Topics - Checking a Part With CAD

• CAD files can be translated though IGES, VDA, CATIA® v4 and v5, Unigraphics®, Parasolid®, SolidWorks®, Solid Edge® and OpenNURBS formats.

• Always add CAD data before measuring.

• At least 3 point reducible features are required for the ITERATIVE ALIGNMENT command.

96 Part with CAD


Chapter 13: Checking a Part with CAD Practical

Practical ExerciseUse a CAD file for nominal information. Measure alignment features, complete an alignment, measure the remaining features, modify the on-screen labels, create and save an inspection report, and save the measurement file of your work.

Translating an IGES File

Always translate, and add CAD data to the drawing file before doing any measurements. If the features are measured first and then the CAD data is added, the results may be poor because the CAD data and measurements may not align properly.


E

12

3

45

6

7

89

10F

A

C D

B

G

P1 P2

P3 P4

97Chapter 13: Checking a Part with CAD Practical








5 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


98 Part with CAD Practical


6 ❑ From the FILE menu, select TRANSLATE CAD FILES. This starts another application - CAM2 Measure is still running.

The FARO CAD Translator creates a new file in the FARO CAD Data format on your computer.

7 ❑ From the FILE menu, select INSERT < CAD PARTS.

• Click ADD

• Navigate to the CAM2 Measure/Tutorial directory.

• Files of type = IGES files (*.igs; *.iges).

• Choose Filename = FARO_Demo_Part1.igs.

• Click OPEN.

• Click TRANSLATE.

• Click CLOSE.

FIGURE 13-4 FARO CAD Translator

• Files of type = FARO CAD Data files (*.fcm).

• Choose Filename = FARO_Demo_Part1.fcm.

• Click OPEN.

FIGURE 13-5 Adding CAD Parts




8 ❑ If you do not see the entire CAD model in the drawing screen run the ZOOM ALL command. From the VIEW menu, select ZOOM < ALL.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure can translate the IGES, VDA, CATIA® v4 and v5, Unigraphics®, Parasolid®, SolidWorks®, Solid Edge® and OpenNURBS formats.

Measuring the Alignment Features

Circles 1, 3, and 7 are the features for the Alignment. Use the Measurement Template command and choose these three nominal features from the CAD model. The MEASURE TEMPLATE command automatically guides you though the measurement of the three circles.

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select MEASUREMENT TEMPLATE.

FIGURE 13-6 FARO_Demo_Part1 CAD file

• From the ADD A NOMINAL drop-down select Circle.

• Select the FROM SCREEN button.

FIGURE 13-7 Measurement Template



2 ❑ Add Circle 1 to the Measurement Template.



• Click on Circle 1 on the CAD model using the mouse.

FIGURE 13-8 Circle 1

• Label = CIRCLE001.

• Click OK to accept. Circle 1 highlights red.

FIGURE 13-9 Circle 1 Results










• Click OK to accept. Circle 1 and Circle 3 highlights red.





• Click OK to accept. Circle 1, Circle 3 and Circle 7 highlights red.




8 ❑ Right mouse click on the CAD screen to accept the three circles and return to the Measurment Template.

9 ❑ Click OK to run the template.

Remember that circles are 2D features and require a plane. A plane has not been measured; however, CAM2 has an option to define a plane during a 2D feature command.


FIGURE 13-14 Measurement Template

• Select a Plane = DEFINE. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.





Notice that Circle 1 highlights red. This is to guide to the correct circle.


12 ❑ Measure circle 1.

13 ❑ Take a look at the results and click OK to continue.

14 ❑ For each circle measurement, the SELECT PLANE dialog box appears.







• Select a Plane = M_CIRCLE001. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.





16 ❑ For each circle measurement, the SELECT PLANE dialog box appears.






• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.








Setting an Iterative Alignment

1 ❑ From the ALIGNMENT menu, select ITERATIVE.

The ITERATIVE ALIGNMENT RESULTS dialog box now shows the real time results of the iteration calculations. When a solution is reached the command will stop. The calculations may solve quickly and not appear to change.

FIGURE 13-22 Measurement Results

• Selected Choices = M_CIRCLE001, M_CIRCLE003, M_CIRCLE007.

• Set Weights = unchecked.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 13-23 Iterative Alignment







Measure the Remaining Features

Now that the part has been aligned to the CAD data, continue to measure the remaining features on the part. Notice that when measuring features, a representation of the probe on the screen that shows the current location of the probe.


• Check the MAX ERROR of the Iterative Alignment. For this part the value should be in tolerance.

• Notice the error between each of the measured circles and its associated nominal.


FIGURE 13-24 Iterative Alignment Results

• File name = Cad to Part.


• Click SAVE.






NOTE: All of the circles on this part are in the same plane, therefore any of the circles can be selected as the plane for the next measured circle.


Notice that there is more information in the RESULTS dialog box for each measured circle. After a CAD to Part alignment has been completed CAM2 Measure automatically searches for a nominal for each measured feature. If a nominal is found, it is automatically associated to the measured feature. You will the see the comparison between the measured and nominal features.



• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.










Modifying On-Screen Labels

Take a look at the screen. Before running the REVIEW FEATURES command to print a report, add more information to the on-screen labels and arrange the labels in the graphics field.


2 ❑ Choose each of the measured circles. Hold down CTRL key and click the left mouse button to pick each circle.

3 ❑ Click on the LABELS tab.

4 ❑ Select the Tolerance Bar, Actual, Nominal, and Deviation check boxes. Notice that the labels in the Preview window are updating.

5 ❑ Click OK to exit the REVIEW FEATURES dialog box. Now, arrange the labels around the part.

6 ❑ Press the L hot key to automatically arrange the labels around the graphics filed.

7 ❑ Use the mouse and drag, left mouse click and hold, any of the on-screen labels to another area of the graphics filed and release the mouse button to finish.

FIGURE 13-29 Labels tabs








• Operator’s Name = Your Name.

• Name of the Part = CAD to Part.


• Click OK.











• Auto Arrange Labels = unchecked.NOTE: Since you manually arranged the on-screen labels, make sure that this check box is cleared.




• Click OK.








Save Again



• Filename = CAD to Part.






Chapter 14: Advanced Dimensions• OBJECTIVE: Understand how to apply GD&T (Geometric

Dimensioning and Tolerancing) to CAM2 features. After completing this section the student will be able to apply GD&T to part inspection.

Geometric Characteristics and Symbols

Form DimensionsForm dimensions are the simplest of the GD&T because the measurement is compared to 0.0 or perfect geometry. The Datum is the feature itself. CAM2 Measure creates a form feature that uses the measured data from a plane, line, circle, or cylinder to calculate the out of tolerance value.

FLATNESS

STRAIGHTNESS

CIRCULARITY (ROUNDNESS)

CYLINDRICITY

PERPENDICULARITY

ANGULARITY

PARALLELISM

POSITION

CONCENTRICITY

M MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION (MMC)

S REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE (RFS)

ØDIAMETRICAL (CYLINDRICAL) TOLERANCE ZONEOR FEATURE

8.00 BASIC, OR EXACT, DIMENSION

A DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL

C1Ø.250 DATUM TARGET

Ø .020 A B C FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

113Chapter 14: Advanced Dimensions


Chapter 14: Advanced D

Orientation DimensionsOrientation dimensions define the gap or interference created when two surfaces are put together. These dimensions are only a little more complicated because they require a feature and a datum. The datum is considered and the value of the orientation dimension is over the length of the feature, or an entered value.

Parallelism

When two parallel planes come together, they are supposed to mate flush. If they are not parallel, when they come together, a gap is created. Parallelism is the gap. Parallelism can be used with any or reducible features.

Perpendicularity

Perpendicularity is intended to show the gap created by the features at a to the datum. Perpendicularity can be used with any or reducible

features.

Concentricity

This tells if a line reducible feature is on the same center-line as the datum. This is intended to see if a pin and a hole will mate without interference. If the pin is not concentric to a hole (i.e., the pin is angled too drastically) then the pin will with

the edges of the hole.

True Position DimensionsTrue Position is actually much easier than people often realize. The feature control frame appears to be complicated, but it’s not. Simply align to Datums A, B and C using a CAD = PART alignment and check the position.

Associate the proper in the RESULTS dialog box.

Parallelism

Feature

Datum

Perpendicularity

Datum

Feature

x 2 = Concentricity

Feature

Datum

114imensions


In the tab turn on MMC or RFS depending on which one is indicated. Change the RFS or MMC tolerance to the value indicated in the control frame. Multiple datum schemes require multiple alignments.

RFS (Regardless of Feature Size)

This condition of True Position tolerance is the tolerance specified for the position of a feature - Regardless of the Feature Size. The size is generally the diameter of a circle.

Since this is a 2D value, the nominal point is projected to the measured plane of the circle before the distance is calculated. The 2D distance between the center of the Nominal Circle to the Measured Circle times two (2), is the RFS and MMC.

MMC (Maximum Material Condition)

Another condition of True Position tolerance is the tolerance specified for the position of a feature using the Maximum Material Condition. The positional tolerance changes according to the measured size of the feature.

For a hole the diameter at the lower end of the tolerance band (as small as it should get) is the value used for MMC calculation. For a pin the diameter at the upper end of the tolerance band (as big as it should get) is the value used for MMC calculation. If the size of the feature is not at the maximum material condition then the difference between the actual size and the maximum material condition is added as a bonus to the positional tolerance.

• As the hole gets bigger the positional tolerance increases. This means that even if the center of the hole is out of tolerance a pin inserted in the hole would have some room to fit.

• As the pin gets smaller the positional tolerance increases. This means that even if the center of the pin is out of tolerance the pin would fit into the hole.

Tol.

Zone

½ RFS or MMC

Nom

inal

Measured

Bonus Tol.

NOMINAL

Outer Tolerance

Inner Tolerance

Tol. Zone

ACTUAL

115Chapter 14: Advanced Dimensions



For example:

The MMC tolerance on a hole is 0.50, the nominal diameter is 20.0 ± 0.10. If the hole is at its smallest (Maximum Material Condition), then the stated MMC tolerance applies. The larger the hole is, the more tolerance is allowed until the upper tolerance limit of the hole is reached (Least Material Condition).

See the following:

If MMC is not specified RFS is implied.

RFS and MMC are set in the TOLERANCE tab for the feature. Access the TOLERANCE tab of a feature through the RESULTS or REVIEW FEATURES dialog box.

Important Topics - Advanced Dimensions• If MMC is not specified on the print RFS tolerance can be assumed.

• When measuring to true position tolerances the alignment in CAM2 Measure must be based on the drawing datums.

• The CAM2 Measure software stores the tolerance information with each feature individually. All the control frame information (diameter, tolerances, true position information, roundness, etc.) is assigned to the feature.

Diameter: 20.0 ± 0.10MMC Tolerance: 0.50

Feature Size Positional Tolerance19.90 0.50 This is MMC19.95 0.5520.00 0.6020.05 0.6520.10 0.70 This is LMC

116imensions


Chapter 15: Advanced Dimensions Practical

Practical ExerciseUse a drawing and a CAD file for nominal information. Construct nominal features from the CAD model, construct a nominal coordinate system, measure alignment features and construct a measured coordinate system, complete an alignment, measure the remaining features, create advance dimensions, create and save an inspection report, and save the measurement file of your work.

Check the part following the dimensions on this drawing. Start by locating the Datum Feature Symbols.


B

B

3 12

A

B

1

C

D

03FRM049-REV 1

B

5 4

5 4 3 2

A

C

D

THIS DRAWING AND ALL THE INFORMATION THERIN IS THE PROPERTY OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INCORPORATED. THIS DRAWING IS CONFIDENTIAL AND MAY NOT BE MADE PUBLIC OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INCORPORATED. THIS DRAWINGIS LOANED SUBJECT TO RETURN UPON DEMAND AND SHALL NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO THE INTERESTS OF FARO TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED.

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS TOLERANCES ARE: X .X .XX .XXX ANGLE±0.25 ±0.1 ±0.05 ±0.01 ±1°

INTERPRET DRAWING PER DOD-STD-100 AND ASME Y14.5. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

TITLE

Armed with Quality

BASE, DEMO FIXTURE

THREADS IN ACCORDANCE WITH HANDBOOK 28

FINSH REQUIRED63

15[.591]

[1.181]30

15[.591]

15[.591]

8X 20 [0.798]EQ. SP. ON A

140 [5.512] BC

25[.984]

+0.25-0.10

Ø 1.0 M A B C

A.50

50[1.969]

30[1.181]

25[.984]

100[3.94]

15[.591]

65[2.559]

170[6.693]

4X 5[.197]

50[1.969]

50[1.969]

30[1.181]

C60[2.362]

.50 A

.50

15°

160[6.299]

15[.591]

25[.984]

255[10.04]

20[.787]

40[1.575]

150[5.906]C

265[10.433]

300[11.811]

240[9.449]

65[2.559]

130[5.118]

167[6.575]

15[.591]

15[.591]

50[1.969]

20[.787] 20

[.787]

50[1.969]

65[2.56]

B.50 .50 B

20[.787]

SECTION B-B

117Chapter 15: Advanced Dimensions Practical







5 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


118imensions Practical





• Click ADD



• Filename = FARO_Demo_Part3.igs.

• Click OPEN.


• Click CLOSE.



• Filename = FARO_Demo_Part3.fcm.

• Click OPEN.






Constructing Nominals

In this exercise, we will introduce the method for creating a Nominal Coordinate system. If the imported CAD file contains a coordinate system that is located off the part, it is usually difficult to create a measured coordinate system to match it. If that is the case, a nominal coordinate system may be created on the CAD model using the CAD features. Next, those features of the part will be measured, and a measured coordinate system will be constructed. For a proper alignment, the Nominal Coordinate system created will then be associated to the Constructed Coordinate System using the CAD=PART alignment command.

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select PLANE < NOMINAL.


• CAM2 Measure will create a plane with 3 points.

• Use the mouse to click 3 points on the edge of the top surface. Watch the OUTPUT BAR for instructions.

FIGURE 15-7 Construct XY Plane



2 ❑ Choose the direction of the plane.


4 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select LINE < NOMINAL.

NOTE: Since a nominal line was selected only one point is required to define the line.

• Click the LEFT mouse button to switch the vector so that it points up.

• Click the RIGHT mouse button to accept the vector.

FIGURE 15-8 Choose Direction Vector

• Label = PLANE001.


FIGURE 15-9 Nominal Plane Results

• CAM2 Measure will create a line with 2 points.

• Use the mouse to click a point on the edge of the top surface. Watch the OUTPUT BAR for instructions.

FIGURE 15-10 Construct X Axis





6 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select CIRCLE < NOMINAL.

NOTE: Since a nominal circle was selected only one point is required to define the circle.


• Label = LINE001.


FIGURE 15-11 Nominal Line Results

• CAM2 Measure will create a circle with 3 points.

• Left mouse click a point on the edge of the top surface. Watch the OUTPUT BAR for instructions.

FIGURE 15-12 Construct Circle 9

• Label = CIRCLE_9.





Creating a Nominal Alignment


2 ❑ Click OK to accept the coordinate system.

Measure the Datum Features



• Select a Plane = N_PLANE001.


• Line Defined Axis = N_LINE001.


• Select Origin = N_CIRCLE_9.

• Choose the NOMINAL radio button.

• Click OK.











6 ❑ Measure Datum B as a line.

• Label = DATUM_A.

• Datum = A.




• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.








NOTE: After you accept the results of each measurement, an on-screen label adds to the CAD screen. Press the L hot key to automatically arrange these on-screen labels.

8 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select CYLINDER.

9 ❑ Measure Datum C as a cylinder.

• Label = DATUM_B.

• Datum = B.



• Take nine to twelve points around the cylinder by pressing the FRONT button.

• Move to the center of the cylinder and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 15-20 Measure Cylinder 9





Constructing the Measured Alignment

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select POINT > LINE/FEATURE.

2 ❑ Click OK to accept the point.

• Label = DATUM_C.

• Datum = C.


FIGURE 15-21 Cylinder Results

• Select a Feature = M_DATUM_A.

• Select a Line = M_DATUM_C.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 15-22 Construct Point Line/Feature




4 ❑ Click OK to accept the coordinate system results.


• Select a Plane = M_DATUM_A.


• Line Defined Axis = M_DATUM_B.


• Select Origin = C_POINT001.


• Click OK.



• Nominal Coordinate System = N_COORDSYS001.


• Click OK.





6 ❑ Click OK to accept the alignment results.

Form Dimensions

With an alignment between the measured features and nominal features continue with the GD&T form dimensions.

1 ❑ From the GD&T menu, select FLATNESS.

2 ❑ Click OK to accept the flatness.

3 ❑ From the GD&T menu, select STRAIGHTNESS.

FIGURE 15-25 Aligned to CAD

• Tolerance = 0.50.

• Select a Feature = M_DATUM_A.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 15-26 Flatness


• Select a Feature = M_DATUM_B.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 15-27 Straightness



4 ❑ Click OK to accept the straightness.

5 ❑ From the GD&T menu, select PERPENDICULARITY.

6 ❑ Click OK to accept the perpendicularity.

Dimension the concentricity between two bores on the plate. The second bore has not been measured; however, it is possible to measure inside a GD&T command.

7 ❑ From the GD&T menu, select CONCENTRICITY.

8 ❑ Measure the cylinder 10.


• Datum = A.

• Select a Feature = M_DATUM_C.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 15-28 Perpendicularity


• Datum = C.

• Select a Feature = Measure as Cylinder.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 15-29 Concentricity

• Take nine to twelve points around the cylinder by pressing the FRONT button.

• Move to the center of the cylinder and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 15-30 Measure Cylinder10





10 ❑ Click OK to accept the concentricity.

Position Dimensions




A nominal circle from the CAD model is automatically associated to the measured circle because it is near the measured circle.

• Label = CYLINDER010.


FIGURE 15-31 Cylinder Results


• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.







4 ❑ Click the TOLERANCES tab.

5 ❑ Click the SAVE TO PREFERENCES button. This updates the circle tolerances for this file, and all the future circles will have these tolerance values.


7 ❑ Measure will continue to measue circles until the command is canceled.

• X = unchecked.

• Y = unchecked.

• Z = unchecked.


• MMC = checked, Upper Tol = 1.0.





FIGURE 15-34 Set Tolerances

• Continue measuring all eight circles in the pattern (2-8).

FIGURE 15-35 Measure Circles 2 -8








• Operator’s Name: = Your Name.

• Name of the Part = Advanced Dimensioning.


• Click OK.








• Header = Header








• Click OK.


• Filename = Advanced Dimensioning.

• Save as type = MHTML File (*.mht).








9 ❑ From the FILE menu, select SAVE AS.


• File name = Advanced Dimensioning.


• Click SAVE.



Additional Information


Chapter 16: Surface Measurement• OBJECTIVE: The instructor will demonstrate how to inspect

a part with points. After this section the student will be able to align a CAD model and compare any point on a part to a CAD surface. They will also be able to learn how to check a specific XYZ coordinate and compare it to the nominal.

Why Measure a Surface?There are two major reasons to measure curved surfaces: To see if the shape of the part is correct, or to see if a component is located correctly in an assembly.

Tools and fixtures can be measured to compare them to the nominal CAD surfaces of the part. This often helps to identify problems in manufacturing when trying to determine if a tool is the source of a problem or if the component is out of specification.

Surface Measurement CommandsInspect Surface

This is the easiest way to measure a surface. After selecting the INSPECT SURFACE command place the probe on the part, press the FRONT button, pull back and press the BACK button. CAM2 Measure will compare the measured point to the surface.

Surface Edge Point

This point checks the trim edge of a part to the edge of a CAD surface. After selecting the SURFACE EDGE POINT command place the probe on the part, press the FRONT button, pull back and press the BACK button. CAM2 Measure will compare the measured point to the surface edge.

Surface Point

If a CAD surface is not available and you need to measure a point on a surface use the SURFACE POINT command. After selecting the SURFACE POINT command, measure three or more points in a small triangular pattern, then pull off the surface and press the BACK button. The points are used to determine the surface normal vector, which is then used for probe compensation. This results in an XYZ point with an IJK vector.

137Chapter 16: Surface Measurement


Chapter 16: Surface Mea

Home In Point

To measure a surface at a specific location use the HOME IN command. This is one of the more complex functions within CAM2 Measure, but it is extremely useful when checking tools, jigs, and fixtures.

There is a small question of probe compensation. CAM2 Measure provides three different probe compensation options.

• Option 1 - Key in IJK compensation direction (if it is known).

• Option 2 - Extract the compensation direction from a CAD surface. This direction is the normal vector of the surface, at the XYZ point location.

• Option 3 - Sample the compensation direction from the part surface by measuring the surface. Sample surface requires three points in a mini-plane (FRONT button) and one compensation point (BACK button).

If the vector is known use Option 1. If a CAD surface is available use Option 2. If the vector is not known and a CAD surface is not available use Option 3

Since it is very difficult to move the probe to an exact XYZ location, the HOME IN command requires a HOME IN ZONE or diameter. The home in zone allows you to take a point within a cylindrical area around the point.

Important Topics - Surface Measurement• The two reasons to check a surface:

• To see if the shape of the part is correct.

• To see if a component is located correctly in a assembly.

• The three options for the probe compensation vector are:

1 Key In2 Select Surface3 Sample Surface

138surement


Chapter 17: Surface Measurement Practical

Practical ExerciseUse a CAD file for nominal information. Measure alignment features and construct a measured coordinate system, complete an alignment, check a few surfaces by measuring surface points, create and save an inspection report, and save the measurement file of your work.

Translating and Adding the CAD data



FIGURE 17-1 FARO Demonstration Bracket

S1

S2

139Chapter 17: Surface Measurement Practical






5 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


140surement Practical





• Click ADD



• Filename = Bracket1.igs.

• Click OPEN.


• Click CLOSE.



• Filename = Bracket1.fcm.

• Click OPEN.






Measuring and Creating an Alignment



FIGURE 17-6 Bracket1 CAD file









6 ❑ Measure the line.



• If it doesn’t look good, press the BACK button to reject. Then re-measure the plane.



• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.


• Take the three or four points from the S1 end towards S2 by pressing the FRONT button.


FIGURE 17-10 Measure Line 1

S1

S2





8 ❑ Continue with the command and measure a line.






• Take the three or four points along the S1 edge by pressing the FRONT button.







S1

S2



A plane and two lines can be used to construct a Line/Line Intersection coordinate system.



FIGURE 17-14 CAD Model with Measured Alignment Features


• Line Defined X-Axis = M_LINE001.


• Click the CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 17-15 Line/Line Coordinate System




CAD=Part


2 ❑ Click OK to accept the alignment.

Save the Measurements

This was a lot of work, save the file.





• Click OK.


FIGURE 17-17 Aligned to CAD Model




• File name = Surface Measurement.


• Click SAVE.





Checking a Surface

After a CAD to Part alignment has been completed CAM2 Measure will try to associate the closest nominal feature to any measurement. For Surface point measurements the default preferences are to select all surfaces both measured and nominal. Since this CAD model is complete, changing this surface option to ignore the measured surfaces will make the measuring process easier.


2 ❑ Select AUTO NOMINAL ASSOCIATION.

3 ❑ Click OK.

Inspect the surfaces of the CAD model.

4 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select POINT < INSPECT SURFACE.

• Automatically Associate Nominals = checked (or On).

• Features:

• Nominal Feature Search Radius = 5.0.

• Display Nominal Result = unchecked (or Off).

• Surfaces = Select Nominal Surfaces Only.

FIGURE 17-19 Auto Nominal Association

• Move the probe close to the part; the nearest surface will turn red.

• Press the FRONT button to measure, pull the probe away from the surface, and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 17-20 Measuring a Inspect Surface Point




6 ❑ Repeat the command and measure more surface points.

Checking an Edge

Since we are checking an edge there will be 3 surfaces within the Auto Nominal zone (top, bottom and side). The Auto Nominal function may not select the correct surface. By turning off the Auto Nominal and selecting the surface manually the correct surface can be selected.



3 ❑ Click OK.

• The results displayed are the X,Y, Z, and the distance to the surface.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 17-21 Inspect Surface Point Results

• Automatically Associate Nominals = unchecked (or Off).





4 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select POINT < SURFACE EDGE POINT.

5 ❑ Measure the point.

• Using the mouse, left mouse click to select the upper surface.

NOTE: A drop-down menu will appear listing all the surfaces and curves near the area selected. As you scroll down the drop down list, the surface or curve will highlight red.

• Left click to chose the appropriate surface or curve.

FIGURE 17-23 Select the Surface

• Place the probe on the edge of the part near the red surface.

• Press the FRONT button to measure, pull the probe away from the surface, and press the BACK button.

FIGURE 17-24 Measuring a Surface Edge Point

S1

S2




7 ❑ Measure some more surface edges.

Using Home In Points

For this example, construct a few nominal points.

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select POINT < ENTER VALUES. Use the following values:

Measure Point 1 using the Home In command and an entered (key in) vector.

• The results displayed are the X,Y, Z, and the 3D deviation to the surface.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 17-25 Surface Edge Point Results

X Y Z

Point 1 55.0 36.5 41.0

Point 2 95.0 36.5 41.0

Point 3 135.0 36.5 41.0

• Enter the nominal information from the table above.



• Click OK to create the point

• Click OK to accept the nominal results.

• Repeat the command for each point.

FIGURE 17-26 Construct Point Enter Values




2 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select POINT < HOME IN.

3 ❑ Move the probe to the part and follow the on-screen guide to the point.

Measure Point 2 using the Home In command and sample the surface to determine the vector for compensation.

NOTE: For this option the approach vector will be different than the compensation vector. The approach will be set along the direction of the current view.

• Click the ADD button.

• Coordinate = N_POINT001. Use the COORDINATE drop-down or the FROM

SCREEN button to select the point.

• Approach Vector = KEY IN.

• Approach Vector: I=0, J=-1, K=0


• Home-In Zone = 1.0.

• Click OK.

• Click OK to exit the HOME-IN dialog box and begin measuring.

FIGURE 17-27 Create Home In Point

• Press the FRONT button, to measure when the probe is in the zone.

• Notice the measurements and the comparison to the nominal point in the RESULTS dialog box.

• Click OK to accept the point.

FIGURE 17-28 Home-in Results




5 ❑ Move the probe to the part and follow on-screen guide to an enlarged home-in zone. Measure three points by pressing the FRONT button.

6 ❑ Use a triangular pattern just as measuring a surface point. This will determine the compensation vector.

• Pull back and press the BACK button to define the compensation vector direction.

7 ❑ Move the probe to the part and follow the guide to the point.

Measure Point 3 using the Home In command and select the surface to determine the vector for probe compensation.




• Approach Vector = SAMPLE SURFACE.



• Click OK.



• Press the FRONT button, to measure when in the zone.

• Notice the measurements and the comparison to the nominal point in the RESULTS dialog box.







9 ❑ Take a look at the Output Bar. CAM2 Measure is prompting to select a surface.




• Approach Vector = SELECT SURFACE.



• Click OK.



• Left mouse click on the top surface near the point.

• Select the correct Surface.

FIGURE 17-32 Select a Surface



10 ❑ Move the probe to the part and follow on-screen guide to the point.

• Press the FRONT button, to measure when in the zone.

• Pull back from the surface and Press the BACK button for compensation.

• Notice the measurements and the comparison to the nominal surface in the RESULTS dialog box.













• Name of the Part = Surface Measurement.


• Click OK.










• Click OK.








Save Again



• File name = Surface Measurement.






Chapter 18: Measurement Automation

• Objective: The instructor will present how to use the Learn/Execute modes of CAM2 Measure to increase the inspection process of repeat part inspection. After completing this section the student will be able to create Learn/Execute programs to automate steps of the measurement process.

Learn Mode

The LEARN mode creates measurement routines or part programs to a measurement process.

The LEARN mode stores measurements, constructions, dimensions, coordinate systems, measurement instructions and .The output of text and graphical reports can also be learned. Programs created in the LEARN mode can be run in EXECUTE mode.

There are two ways to create a Learn file, (with the

measurement device connected) and (with no measurement device connected).

Create Learn files for operators that may not be very familiar with CAM2 Measure or the part. Adding to the Learn file allows the operators to read instructions before they measure each feature.

On-Line Learn

On-Line Learn is like a video camera recording all of the activities. Once a feature is measured, add measurement instructions, nominals, tolerances, etc. in the RESULTS dialog box.

159Chapter 18: Measurement Automation


Chapter 18: Measureme

Off-Line Learn

Off-Line Learn creates a program by selecting features from the available menus for storage in the Learn file. A measurement device does not need to be connected. Nominal information for the part is the only requirement.

Off-Line Learn is useful for creating measurement routines when the part is not available, since the part does not need to be measured to make the program.

The Off-Line mode can also be used to edit the programs.

Execute ModeThe EXECUTE mode allows the operator, or end user, to run the preprogrammed routines created in LEARN mode. If operators are only going to run EXECUTE mode, they will only require minimal training.

Important Topics - Measurement Automation

• There are two ways to create Learn Files: On-Line or Off-line.

• Every Learn command has a Comment parameter which stores the measurement instructions for the operator, or end user.

160nt Automation


Chapter 19: On-Line Measurement Automation Practical

Practical ExerciseCreate a part program, on-line, using CAD data for nominals. Use a CAD file for nominal information, measure alignment features, complete an alignment, measure the remaining features, construct non-measurable features, add dimensions, create and save an inspection report, save the Learn file, and run the Learn file to measure the part.

Translating and Adding CAD






5 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


161Chapter 19: On-Line Measurement Automation Practical


Chapter 19: On-Line Mea




• Click ADD




• Click OPEN.


• Click CLOSE.




• Click OPEN.


162surement Automation Practical



Start Learning

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select LEARN/EXECUTE < LEARN/EXECUTE.



NOTE: CAM2 Measure will not prompt you for this information if the port lock is not authorized to write SoftCheck Tools.



• Click OK.





4 ❑ The LEARN/EXECUTE window appears. This shows instructions the program currently contains.

5 ❑ Click the START ON-LINE LEARN button at the top of the window. This will begin the On-Line Learn programing.

6 ❑ CAM2 Measure will switch back to the graphics view. The Learn

toolbar automatically appears on the screen. It has with three buttons: LEARN VIEW, SAVE LEARN, and STOP ON-LINE LEARN.

FIGURE 19-7 Off-Line Programing Dialog

• LEARN VIEW records the current view in the program.

• SAVE LEARN opens the SAVE LEARN dialog box.

• STOP ON-LINE LEARN returns CAM2 Measure to the LEARN/EXECUTE window. This allows you to save the program, make off-line changes, end the Learn Process, or resume On-Line Learning.

FIGURE 19-8 Learn Toolbar



Measure Alignment/Datum Features

Measure 4 circles in the bolt pattern for an Iterative/Best Fit Alignment. Measure the circles at the 12, 3, 6 & 9 o'clock positions (Circles 1,3,5,7) around the bolt pattern.


2 ❑ Measure a plane on the top surface of the part.

• Measure the plane on the top of the plate. Take four or five points on the top of the plate by pressing the FRONT button.






3 ❑ Click the NOTES tab.

4 ❑ Enter some measurement instructions for the operator.

• Feature Notes: Use this to enter information about a feature for the Report.

NOTE: The Learn file will not store this information.

• Measurement Instructions: Use this to give instructions, or comments, to the operator as the Learn program is Executed.

• Highlight: This will highlight the selected nominal red when the Learn program is Executed.


FIGURE 19-11 Enter Measurement Instructions for the Operator



5 ❑ Click the HIGHLIGHT button.

6 ❑ Click OK to accept the plane.




• Click the FROM SCREEN button.

• Select the CAD surface that is to be measured.

• Click OK to accept the results of the nominal surface.

• Right mouse click to return to the Highlight dialog box.

• Click OK to accept the highlight.

FIGURE 19-12 Highlight the CAD Surface


• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.









11 ❑ Click on the NOTES tab.



• Measurement Instructions: Enter some text to instruct the operator to measure Circle 1.

FIGURE 19-16 Enter Measurement Instructions for Circle 1




13 ❑ Click the FROM SCREEN button.

14 ❑ Click on the TOLERANCES tab.

15 ❑ Click the SAVE TO PREFERENCES button.


NOTE: Remember that CAM2 Measure will continue to measure circles until the command is canceled.

• Using the left mouse button select Circle 1 on the CAD Model.

• Click OK to accept the nominal circle.


• X = checked. Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Y = checked. Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Z = unchecked.







FIGURE 19-18 Set Tolerances






























































Creating an Alignment

1 ❑ From the ALIGNMENT menu, select ITERATIVE.

2 ❑ Click OK to accept alignment.

Constructions and Dimensions

Construct the Bolt Circle and check it to the CAD Model.

1 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select CIRCLE > BEST FIT.

• Selected Choices = M_CIRCLE001_I, M_CIRCLE003_I, M_CIRCLE005_I, M_CIRCLE007_I.

• Set Weights = unchecked.


• Click OK to create the Alignment.

FIGURE 19-31 Iterative Alignment

• Selected Choices = N_CIRCLE001, N_CIRCLE003, N_CIRCLE005, N_CIRCLE007.

• Select a Plane = N_CIRCLE001.

• Select NOMINAL radio button.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 19-32 Construct Nominal Circle




The nominal Bolt Circle has been constructed from the CAD circles. This will be the nominal for the part's Bolt Circle.

NOTE: Remember that Alignments, Constructions, and Dimensions automatically solve in Execute without any operator action. So, adding Comments, or Measurement Instructions, is generally not done for these feature types.


• Label = BOLT_CIRCLE.

• Click OK to accept the circle.


• Selected Choices = M_CIRCLE001_I, M_CIRCLE003_I, M_CIRCLE005_I, M_CIRCLE007_I.



• Click OK.

FIGURE 19-34 Construct Best Fit Circle




4 ❑ Click on the NOMINAL tab.

Since this is a construction, in Execute CAM2 Measure will complete this command automatically. No measurement instructions are required.

Check the angle of the circles in the pattern. They should be an evenly spaced 90° pattern around the center circle.

5 ❑ From the DIMENSION menu, select ANGLE > APEX.


7 ❑ Click the KEY-IN button:

8 ❑ Click OK to accept the nominal.

9 ❑ Click OK to accept the dimension.

• Select Nominal = N_BOLT_CIRCLE.

• Click OK to accept the circle.

FIGURE 19-35 Bolt Circle Results

• Select 1st point = M_CIRCLE003_I.

• Select 2nd point = M_CIRCLE001_I.


• Click OK.


• Angle = 90.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 19-37 Dimension Angle Nominal



Generating a Report







• Name of the Part = Online Learn Execute.


• Click OK.










• Click OK.









End Learn.

1 ❑ Click the STOP ON-LINE LEARN button. The LEARN/EXECUTE window appears and the on-line programming stops.

• Filename = Online Learn Execute.




FIGURE 19-41 Off-Line Learn/Execute




3 ❑ From the FILE menu, select EXIT LEARN.

Execute Mode

Run the program.

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select LEARN EXECUTE > EXECUTE ONLY.




• Creator = your name.

• Part Name = Online Learn Execute.

• Drawing Revision Number = A.

• Click SAVE.

FIGURE 19-42 Saving the Learn/Execute


• Click OK.





4 ❑ The LEARN/EXECUTE window shows the list of programs.

5 ❑ Run through the measurements.

6 ❑ Constructions and Dimensions are executed automatically.


8 ❑ Repeat Execute?

• Select ONLINE LEARN EXECUTE.

• Click the EXECUTE button.

FIGURE 19-44 Execute Only


• Name of the Part = Online Learn Execute.


• Click OK.


• Press the BACK button to exit




Chapter 20: Off-Line Measurement Automation Practical

Practical ExerciseCreate a part program, off-line, using a drawing for nominals. Measure alignment features, complete an alignment, measure the remaining features, construct non-measurable features, add dimensions, create and save an inspection report, save the learn file, and run the learn file to measure the part.

Translating and Adding CAD






5 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.


181Chapter 20: Off-Line Measurement Automation Practical


Chapter 20: Off-Line Mea

Start Learning

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select LEARN/EXECUTE < LEARN/EXECUTE.




4 ❑ The LEARN/EXECUTE window appears. This shows instructions the program currently contains.

Add Alignment/Datum Features

Construct a coordinate system based upon the datums, then measure the circles at 12, 3, 6 & 9 o'clock positions (Circles 1,3,5,7) around the bolt pattern.


2 ❑ Click on the MEASURE PLANE command (line 8).


• Click OK.


FIGURE 20-4 Off-Line Programing Dialog



3 ❑ Double left mouse click on the COMMENT parameter.

4 ❑ Double left mouse click on the POINTS ON FEATURE parameter.

5 ❑ Click on the REPEAT EXECUTE command (line 9). All new commands are always added above the selected line.

6 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select LINE > 2D LINE.


8 ❑ Click on the MEASURE LINE 2D command (line 9).

• Enter some text to instruct the operator to measure a plane. NOTE: This is the same as adding Measurement Instructions in On-Line learn.

• Click OK to accept the comment.

FIGURE 20-5 Enter a Comment for the Operator

• Feature = 4.

• Click OK to accept.

FIGURE 20-6 Change number of points for the feature


• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.







11 ❑ Click on the REPEAT EXECUTE command (line 10).



14 ❑ Click on the MEASURE CIRCLE command (line 10).

• Enter some text to instruct the operator to measure a line.



• Feature = 4.




• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.






17 ❑ Change the label of the circle in the box at the top right side of the screen.


18 ❑ Click on the NOMINALS button.

19 ❑ Click on the KEY IN button.

• Enter some text to instruct the operator to measure a circle.



• Feature = 4.






20 ❑ Enter the Nominal information of circle 9.


22 ❑ Click on the TOLERANCES button.


24 ❑ Click OK to accept the tolerances.

• X= 0.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 100.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.

• Coordinate System = *WORLD*.


• Click OK.



• X= unchecked.

• Y = unchecked.

• Z = unchecked.

• Diameter = checked 0.25, -0.10.









Adding an Alignment


2 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select COORDINATE SYSTEM > 3-2-1.




• Line Defined Axis = M_LINE001.


• Select Origin = M_CIRCLE009.


• Click OK.





• Click OK.





Measuring Features








• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.


• Enter some text to instruct the operator to measure the circle.



• Feature = 4.











• X= 0.0, Y = 70.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.













• X= unchecked.

• Y = unchecked.

• Z = unchecked.


• MMC = checked, Upper Tol = 1.00.







• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.













• Feature = 4.












• X= 70.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.




• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.













• Feature = 4.












• X= 0.0, Y = -70.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.




• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.













• Feature = 4.








Adding Constructions and Dimensions



3 ❑ Click on the CONSTRUCT CIRCLE BEST FIT command (line 22).

NOTE: Remember that Alignments, Constructions, and Dimensions automatically solve in Execute without any operator action. So, adding Comments, or Measurement Instructions, is generally not done for these feature types.

• X= -70.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 20.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.



• Selected Choices = M_CIRCLE001, M_CIRCLE003, M_CIRCLE005, M_CIRCLE007.



• Click OK.

FIGURE 20-34 Construct Best Fit Circle




• Label = BOLT_CIRCLE.



7 ❑ Enter the Nominal information for the bolt circle.



• X= 0.0, Y = 0.0, Z = 0.0, Diameter = 140.00.

• I = 0, J = 0, K = 1.



• Click OK.



• X= checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Y = checked, Upper Tol = 0.25, Lower Tol = -0.25.

• Z = unchecked.













12 ❑ From the DIMENSION menu, select ANGLE > APEX.

13 ❑ Click on the DIMENSION ANGLE APEX command (line 24).


15 ❑ Click the KEY-IN button.

16 ❑ Enter the following value:


18 ❑ Click OK to accept the dimension.

Generating a Report


2 ❑ From the MISC menu, select GRAPHICAL REPORTS > TEXT REPORT.

• Select 1st point = M_CIRCLE003.

• Select 2nd point = M_CIRCLE001.


• Click OK.


• Angle = 90.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 20-38 Dimension Angle Nominal















• Click OK.


• Filename = Offline Learn Execute.







End Learn


8 ❑ From the FILE menu, select EXIT LEARN.

FIGURE 20-41 Off-Line Learn/Execute

• Creator = your name.

• Part Name = Offline Learn Execute.

• Drawing Revision Number = A.

• Click SAVE.

FIGURE 20-42 Saving the Learn/Execute



Execute Mode

Run the program.

1 ❑ From the FILE menu, select LEARN EXECUTE > EXECUTE ONLY.



4 ❑ Run through the measurements.

5 ❑ Measure a plane on the top surface of the part.


• Click OK.


• Select OFFLINE LEARN EXECUTE.

• Click the EXECUTE button.

FIGURE 20-44 Execute Only

• Take four points on the top of the plate by pressing the FRONT button.






6 ❑ Measure line 1.

7 ❑ Measure circle 9.

NOTE: CAM2 Measure automatically constructs the coordinate system and alignment.


• Take four points on the side of the plate by pressing the FRONT button.



• Take four points around the circle by pressing the FRONT button.











NOTE: CAM2 Measure automatically constructs the bolt circle and angle dimension.














13 ❑ Repeat Execute?


• Name of the Part = Offline Learn Execute.


• Click OK.


• Press the BACK button to exit




Chapter 21: Move Device Position• OBJECTIVE: The instructor will demonstrate how to move

the measurement device to increase the working volume. After completing this section the student will be able to move the measurement device, allowing them to measure large parts in a single file.

PurposeThe Move Device Position command has two functions:

• It moves the device to a new location within the coordinate system.

• It realigns the device to the part if the relationship has .

Moving the Device

This is the original intent for the Move Device Position command. It allows the you measure a part where the device can not measure the features from one location. Measure or more point-reducible features, run the Move Device Position command, move the device, and remeasure the features.

NOTE: Comp Axis points can not be used in the Move Device Position command. The compensation direction is based upon the active alignment. When the device moves, the active alignment is not valid.

There is a penalty. Every time the device is moved the device may incur error. To minimize the error, the features should be as far apart as possible while still allowing the device to move to the new location.

To maintain very accurate measurements avoid using the Move Device Position command by placing the device in an ideal location.

205Chapter 21: Move Device Position


Chapter 21: Move Devic

Realign the Part to the Device

If the setup gets , use the Move Device Position command to reestablish the alignment between the part and the device. There must be or more point-reducible features in the file. They should be as far apart as possible to minimize error.

Important Topics - Move Device Position• The Move Device Position command can be used to move the device to

a new location, or realign the device to the part if the part has moved.

• After using the Move Device position command a loss of accuracy may occur.

206e Position


Chapter 22: Move Device Position Practical

Practical ExerciseIn this exercise align to a CAD file, relocate the Device relative to the part, and realign using the Move Device Position command.

Importing CAD File






• Click OK.


E

12

3

45

6

7

89

10F

A

C D

B

G

P1 P2

P3 P4

207Chapter 22: Move Device Position Practical






NOTE: Turning off the Auto Nominal Association will prevent the points measured in this chapter from associating to the nominal CAD file. If the option is On, CAM2 Measure will associate the measured points to the nominal circle and modify the label from POINTXXX to CIRCLEXXX.

6 ❑ Click OK.


• Click OPEN.


• Automatically Associate Nominals = clear (or Off).


208e Position Practical





• Click ADD




• Click OPEN.


• Click CLOSE.




• Click OPEN.






Setting the Coordinate System

Another feature of CAM2 Measure is the ability to create a new coordinate system by translating or rotating an existing coordinate system. This feature is helpful when you cannot construct a coordinate system from measured features on your part to correspond with the location of the coordinate system of the CAD model. In this exercise, in addition to learning the Move Device Position command, we will also practice translating a coordinate system. The steps below will guide you through the process.

















• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.











10 ❑ Measure a 2D line on the edge that is nearest Cylinder G.





• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.













• Select a Plane = M_PLANE001. .


• Line Defined Axis = M_LINE001.


• Select Origin = M_CIRCLE009_I.

• Select the CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK.





14 ❑ From the CONSTRUCT menu, select COORDINATE SYSTEM < TRANSLATION. Use the following values:



• Select X Origin = C_COORDSYS001.

• X Offset = -150.0.

• Select Y Origin = C_COORDSYS001.

• Y Offset = -65.0.

• Select Z Origin = C_COORDSYS001.

• Z Offset = 0.0.


• Select the CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 22-17 Translate Coordinate System




• Click OK.







Measure Features for the Move Device Position

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select POINTS > COMP OFF.

FIGURE 22-19 CAD to Part Alignment

• The SAVE AS dialog box appears.

• File name = Move Device Position.


• Click SAVE.





2 ❑ Measure Point 1.



• Take a point by pressing the FRONT button.

• Press the BACK button to end the measurement.

FIGURE 22-21 Measure Point 1

• Label = POINT001.


FIGURE 22-22 Point 1 Results























Performing the Move Device Position Command

1 ❑ From the DEVICES menu, select MOVE DEVICE POSITION.

NOTE: Using 2D features (Arc, Circle, Slot) CAM2 Measure requires you







• Selected Choices = M_POINT001, M_POINT002, M_POINT003, M_POINT004.


• Click OK.

FIGURE 22-29 Move Device Position



to measure a plane for each feature.

2 ❑ Move the Measurment Device (Move the device, or move the part).

3 ❑ Click OK in the MOVE THE DEVICE dialog.

















11 ❑ Click OK to accept the point. The results of the Device Move are displayed.

12 ❑ Click OK to accept the new Device Position.







FIGURE 22-34 Device Position Results



Add Measurements to an Existing FeatureIf you have a large feature that can not be totally measured from one location, CAM2 Measure allows you to add points to the feature. This will update the feature location and all associated constructions, coordinate systems, and dimensions used with this feature.


14 ❑ Select M_CIRCLE009_I.

15 ❑ Click the EDIT button.



• Select the ADD READINGS radio button.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 22-36 Add Readings







The points, or Readings, are now added to the feature and M_CIRCLE009_I is recalculated.

17 ❑ Click on the READINGS tab.

NOTE: The measured circle has points, or Readings, from both device positions.


Save Again



FIGURE 22-38 Circle 9 Readings



223

Chapter 23: Introduction to Scanning

• Objective - The instructor will present how the scanning functions of CAM2 Measure can be used to obtain geometric and non-geometric curves. After this section the student will be able to collect data for use in CAM2 Measure and other CAD systems.

What is ScanningScanning data can be saved as points, polylines, or splines. Data will typically be saved as , which are easier to work with than points or splines.

Scanned data is always uncompensated. That means that the data is always taken at the center of the probe. To compensate for the probe radius, create a surface and then that surface by the radius.

Why ScanScanning is generally useful if the part that is not comprised of basic geometric (or prismatic) features. The general intent behind scanning is to generate curves that will eventually be used to create surfaces.

Which Scanning Option to Use?The scanning option used depends upon the shape of the part that is being measured. Certain geometric shapes lend themselves to parallel cross sections, others lend themselves more to radial or normal lock planes.

FIGURE 23-1 Scanning Techniques

Parallel Cylindrical Normal

Chapter 23: Introduction to Scanning


Chapter 23: Introduction

Freehand Scan

Use the Freehand scan to trace a profile. CAM2 Measure allows you to set the distance between the points.As the probe passes through the minimum distance it grabs the next point.

Lock Planes

The Lock Plane options is used to data onto predefined cross sections. CAM2 Measure allows Locked Planes that are parallel to a plane, radial about a specified axis, or normal to a polyline.

• Parallel Lock Planes: Select the plane from which the cross sections are parallel, the number of planes (from 1 to 1000), distance between the planes, and the minimum distance between any two points on one cross section. If the points are closer than the minimum distance CAM2 Measure will drop points until the minimum distance is achieved.

• Radial Lock Planes: Select a line from which the cross section planes will emanate, the number of planes (from 1 to 1000), and the minimum distance between any two points on one cross section. If the points are closer than the minimum distance CAM2 Measure will drop points until the minimum distance is achieved.

• Normal Lock Planes: Select a polyline. The planes are automatically generated at the points along the polyline.

Editing Scan data

Editing the scan data is a little different than editing 2D and 3D features. Since scan data is not a feature, you can not use the EDIT button in the REVIEW FEATURES command. CAM2 Measure has specific ADD and REMOVE POINTS commands for data created with the commands in the SCAN menu.

Use the EDIT < DELETE command to completely remove scan data.

Important Topics - Introduction to Scanning• To use the Normal Locked Plane command a polyline must be selected.

The polyline is typically created using the Freehand Scan.

• The Add or Remove Points command works with Polylines. The commands do not work with data saved as points or splines.

• Use the Edit > Delete command to delete points, polylines or splines.

224 to Scanning


Chapter 24: Introduction to Scanning Practical

Practical ExerciseUsing the assembled demo part, align to the part, and practice the scanning skills. Work in either inches or millimeters.

NOTE: The steps in this practical are written to use Millimeters as the Drawing Unit. If you wish to complete the practical in Inches, remember to convert any number that you are typing into a dialog box.

Set the alignment by measuring the datum features. In this case, the top face of the plate will be the XY plane and the edges of the plate will define the X-axis and origin, respectively.

FIGURE 24-1 FARO Demonstration Bracket

S1

S2

225Chapter 24: Introduction to Scanning Practical







5 ❑ Click OK.

Measuring and Creating an Alignment




• Click OK.



• Click OPEN.





226 to Scanning Practical





6 ❑ Measure the line.





• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.


• Take the three or four points from the S1 end towards S2 by pressing the FRONT button.



S1

S2





8 ❑ Continue with the command and measure a line.





• Take the three or four points on the S1 edge by pressing the FRONT button.






S1

S2



Now that you have enough features to define a coordinate system, construct a Line/Line Intersection coordinate system.



CAD=Part


2 ❑ Click OK to accept the alignment.


• Line Defined X-Axis = M_LINE001.


• Click the CONSTRUCTED radio button.

• Click OK to create the coordinate system.

FIGURE 24-11 Line/Line coordinate system




• Click OK to create the Alignment.





Save the Measurements


Scan Measurement Preference


2 ❑ Select SCAN MEASUREMENT.

3 ❑ Click OK.

• The SAVE AS dialog box appears.

• File name = Scanning.


• Click SAVE.


• Type of Scanning = Start/Pause Scan With Trigger.

• Maximum Distance = 100000000000.

• Minimum Distance = 2.0.

FIGURE 24-14 Feature Scanning



Freehand Scanning (2D)

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select SCAN > FREEHAND.


NOTE: The offset of 30 mm will create a plane parallel to the YZ plane at X = 30 mm. This will be at the edge of the curved surface.

3 ❑ Place the probe on the upper part of the surface.

• Type = 2D Freehand.

• Chordal = unchecked.

• Minimum Distance = 2.0.

• Save As = Open Polylines.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 24-15 Freehand Scan

• Select a Plane = YZ_C_COORDSYS001. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 30.

• Click OK.


• Press the FRONT button to begin scanning.

• Move the probe across the surface contour.

• Press the FRONT button to pause the scan.

• Press the BACK button to end the scan.

FIGURE 24-17 Measure the freehand scan

S1

S2




4 ❑ Save the scan data.

Parallel Lock Planes

1 ❑ From the MEASURE menu, select SCAN < PARALLEL LOCK PLANES.

• To keep the scan data, press the FRONT button.

• To discard the scan data, press the BACK button.

FIGURE 24-18 Keep Data?

FIGURE 24-19 Freehand Scan

• Increment = 10.0 (0.50 in).

• Number of Planes = 100.

• Minimum Distance = 0.5 (0.05 in).

• Save As = Open Polylines.

• Click OK.

FIGURE 24-20 Parallel Lock Plane Scan




3 ❑ Scan the surface.

4 ❑ Save the scan data.

• Select a Plane = YZ_C_COORDSYS001. This will be the plane to which the points are projected.

• Offset = 0.

• Click OK.


• Press the FRONT button to begin scanning.

• Move the probe across the surface contour.

• Press the FRONT button to pause the scan.

• Press the BACK button to end the scan.

FIGURE 24-22 Parallel Locked Scanning

• To keep the scan data, press the FRONT button.

• To discard the scan data, press the BACK button.

FIGURE 24-23 Keep Data?

S1

S2




FIGURE 24-24 Parallel Locked Planes



Chapter 25: Tips and Tricks

The Measurement TrackThere are numerous ways to approach the same task. Some ways are better than others. This section presents the Measurement Track, a good rule of thumb procedure to help guide you through the measurement tasks.

Examine the Task

Do not just start taking a lot of measurements. Discover why the part is being inspected, and determine the expected results. Measurement without direction will yield tons and tons of data that someone will need to sift through to find the answers to the original question. Knowing the goal in advance will save a great deal of time.

Setup Considerations

Before beginning to measure a part ensure that the device can reach all the features of interest. This can eliminate needless device movements due to the inability to reach features.

Setting the Coordinate System and Alignment

The coordinate system and alignment created will depend upon the purpose for measuring the part and the amount of data available. The two most commonly used alignment options are (1) a CAD=Part type alignment to a constructed coordinate system, and (2) an Iterative alignment. Below are some examples of when one method may be preferred to another.

1 Coordinate System / CAD = Part.

• The part requires a specific set of datums be followed.

• The objective is to trouble-shoot the part.

2 Iterative.

• For use if there is no clear datum scheme.

• The datum scheme allows for a best fit.

• If a Coordinate System/CAD=Part approach shows the part to be slightly out of specification. In such a case, it is possible a best fit alignment will show the part to be within specification.

235Chapter 25: Tips and Tricks


Chapter 25: Tips and Tric

Always set the alignment as soon as possible during a measurement session. There are also many commands that depend upon the alignment to operate correctly.

Save the file as soon as the alignment is complete. If any thing goes wrong reopen the file with the saved alignment. Continue to save frequently.

Data Collection

Although it is probably more efficient to perform the measurements, the constructions and the dimensions first, and then add nominals at a later time, it is not very practical.

With large parts it is best to break up the work session into smaller sections. Within each section perform the measurements within that area and assign their nominals. Follow with the constructions and dimensions, and adding their nominals. When each section is done, save the file then move onto the next section.

This process will help prevent getting lost in lists of features. All the data in the database will be grouped in the area in which the measurements were taken.

Data Output

Know what sort of output data is expected from the part, IGES data, graphical report, text report, etc.

Remember that printed reports will always be printed in the current coordinate system. If there are multiple coordinate systems, make sure the correct coordinate system is set active before printing.

When exporting CAD data, always complete the CAD = PART alignment command. The data will always be exported in the World Coordinate System. A file without a CAD to Part type alignment will not produce the expected results when the data is imported into another system.

Other Hints

Holes: If features are not on the same plane Modify the AUTO PLANE SELECT preference and choose define. The MEASURE < CIRCLE will prompt you to measure a plane before each circle. This preferences sets all other 2D commands to work in the same manner.

Surfaces: Choose Select Nominal Surfaces Only in the Auto Nominal Association part preference. This will automatically select the nearest Nominal surface for inspection and not any previously measured features.

236ks


Clearing up the view: To clear up the graphics screen:

• Choose VIEW < LAYERS. Entities may be moved from one layer to another. Also, filters may be created and activated to group and sort several layers at once. To clean up the display, filter out those layers you do not wish to view.

• Choose VIEW < ARRANGE LABELS to automatically arrange the on-screen labels. To hide all labels, choose VIEW< PROPERTIES and click the VISUAL OBJECTS tab. Clear the MAIN LABEL VIEW check box and click APPLY.

• Pin or unpin the control bars. Unpin the control bars to minimize them and enlarge the graphics field. When needed, click the icon and the control bar will “flyout” for use. Pin the control bars to anchor them for constant view.

237Chapter 25: Tips and Tricks


239

Answer Key

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mounting3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . accepted4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . last4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . referenced11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hot keys12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . buttons12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current Command29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2D Features29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D Features30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Select Plane31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . surfaces45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . datum45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . several46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CMM46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aligned46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . established47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . point reducible77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . measurements114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinite114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plane114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . line114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . right angle114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plane114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . line114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . interfere114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . coordinate system114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nominal115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tolerances159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . automate159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . target points159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . online159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . offline159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . measurement instructions205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . same205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . changed205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . additional206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . disturbed206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . polylines223 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . offset224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minimum224 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sort

Contact Information

For Technical Support

World Wide Web site: www.faro.comE-mail: [email protected] Number: 800.736.2771

For Sales Inquiries

Electronic Product Catalog on www.faro.comE-mail: [email protected] Number: 800.736.0234, extension 2265

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E-mail: [email protected] Number: 800.736.0234, extension 1136