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How To Prevent The Challenging Filler Face David J. Goldberg, MD Skin Laser & Surgery Specialists of NY and NJ

08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

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Page 1: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

How To Prevent The Challenging Filler Face 

David J. Goldberg, MDSkin Laser & Surgery Specialists of NY and NJ  

Page 2: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Facial Fillers

• Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial rejuvenation

• Several million treatments performed every year

• Expanding indications, anatomic areas, and product development

Page 3: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Fillers Can Induce  Collagen, Elastin and Proteogylcan Formation  • Tensile Strength  (Collagen)• Structural Support (Collagen)• Elasticity (Elastin) • Hydration (Proteoglycan)• Swelling Pressure (Proteoglycan)

Page 4: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Collagen Formation 

• HA• Biostimulation (The Others) 

Page 5: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

PLLA Neocollagenesis

5

12 mo

Hematoxylin‐eosin stain, 400x, shows PLLA microparticles with adjacent aggregation of giant cells, histiocytes, and 

collagen fibers

Vleggaar D. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(11 pt 2):1511‐1518. Reprinted with permission from the author. 

30 mo

Hematoxylin‐eosin stain, 400x, shows lack of PLLA microparticles and the 

abundance of collagen fibers

Page 6: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

CaHA Neocollagenesis

6

32 wk 78 wk16 wk4 wk

Canine histology 40–60x, collagen matrix stained with picosirius red1

Top, with permission from Coleman K et al. Neocollagenesis after injection of calcium hydroxylapatite composition in a canine model. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:S53‐S55. Bottom, from Marmur ES et al. Clinical, histologic and electron microscopic findings after injection of a calcium hydroxylapatite filler. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2004;6(4):223‐226. Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd (www.tandfonline.com) 

Thick section light microscopy at 1 mo and 6 mo postinjection2

6 mo1 mo

Page 7: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

PMMA‐Collagen Neocollagenesis

7

3 mo

At 3 mo, microspheres are completely encapsulated and surrounded by fibroblasts and collagen fibers (40x)

At 10 y, histology shows mature connective tissue, active fibroblasts, 

microencapsulation of each microsphere (40x)

10 y

Lemperle G et al. ArteFill permanent injectable for soft tissue augmentation: I. Mechanism of action and injection techniques.Aesthet Plast Surg. 2010;34(3):264‐272. With permission of Springer. 

Page 8: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Elastin and Proteoglycan   

• 20 Middle Aged Women • Injected with CaHA• Biopsy before and 6 months later 

Goldberg DJ, et alDermatol Surg: 2019

Page 9: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Proteoglycan: Alcian Blue Staining 

Before 6  months 

Page 10: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Elastin: Immunohistochemistry Staining 

Before 6 months

Page 11: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Van Gieson Stain for Elastic Fibers

Before  6 months

Page 12: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

So Why are There So Many Filler Mistakes and Unfortunate Results?

• Many injectors received no formal training

• Filler treatments can be deceptively difficult to execute properly and master

• Use of products that carry higher risk

• Poor or basic understanding of facial anatomy, dynamics, and aesthetics

Page 13: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

What Do I See in My Practice?

• I regularly see bad filler outcomes 

• These are usually due to poor technique

• Can these mistakes be fixed/addressed?

Page 14: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Want To Focus on Good Technique 

• Not on Biofilms• Not on Necrosis• Not on Nodules 

Page 15: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial
Page 16: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial
Page 17: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial
Page 18: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Common Filler Mistakes:General Mistakes

• Injecting too much volume in each setting• Especially true in lips and tear trough

• Not staging treatments when necessary

• Choosing the wrong product

Page 19: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Staging Treatments Leads to Better Outcomes

• More natural results can be achieved by staging multiple treatments• Less bruising, swelling, patient anxiety• Facilitates more natural expansion of tissue• Allows you to address minor asymmetries

• Most over‐injected patients are injected in one session

Page 20: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Common Filler Mistakes:Lip Augmentation

• Injecting filler too far inside lip

• Using permanent filler 

• Creating nodules and irregularity

• Not paying attention to lip shape and balance

• Injecting philtral columns inaccurately

Page 21: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Injecting filler too far inward 

• The most common technical error  on lips 

• Lip loses shape and definition

• Creates anterior projection

• Abnormal look when smiling

• Creates visible filler outside of the lip with a ‘puffy’ look

Page 22: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Injecting filler too far inward 

• The most common technical  error

• Lip loses shape and definition

• Creates anterior projection

• Abnormal look when smiling

• Creates visible filler outside of the lip with a ‘puffy’ look

Page 23: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Using Permanent Filler

• Most common are silicone and bio‐gel

• Inflammatory response of silicone

• Filler walls off, creating an implant look (i.e. no true tissue integration)

• Only surgery can fix

Page 24: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Using Permanent Filler

• Patient comes in with previous unknown filler treatment

• Reports long‐standing bumps and nodules

Page 25: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Using Permanent Filler

• Unknown soft material expressed

• Culture negative• Patient healed without incident

Page 26: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Creating Nodules & Irregularity• Patient treated previously with ‘micro‐droplet’ silicone and HA filler

• Her injector once treated her during an active HSV‐1 outbreak

Page 27: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Creating Nodules & Irregularity• What are the problems here?

• Use of permanent filler and HA• Poor technique – not properly distributing filler

How to  address? Firm massage Carefully placed hyaluronidase HA filler injected unevenly (to blend with the silicone)

Page 28: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Creating Nodules & Irregularity• Patient treated with an unknown filler substance

• This was the result of one treatment session (i.e. a massive amount of product)

Page 29: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Creating Nodules & Irregularity• What is the cause here?

• Too much filler at once, creating a ‘tissue expander’ effect

How did I address this? Firm massage Large amounts of hyaluronidase (multiple sessions) A small amount of HA (to fill in the massive skin excess) Recommended surgical excision of excess skin

Page 30: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Not paying attention to lip shape/balance

• Injectors often create imbalance between upper/lower lip• Border of lip and definition often ignored• Usually straightforward solution

Page 31: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Not paying attention to lip shape/balance

• An entire syringe of HA was injected into her upper lip• 150U hyaluronidase dissolved all of the filler 

Page 32: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Injecting Philtral Columns Poorly• Augmenting or creating philtral columns can improve lip balance

• Attributes of a beautiful philtrum• A slight diagonal tilt (15 degrees)• Slightly narrow inter‐philtral distance• More fullness inferiorly

• Many injectors create fat philtral columns in a wide, vertical orientation

Page 33: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Lip Augmentation Mistake:Injecting Philtral Columns Poorly

• Too wide• Asymmetric• Too vertically oriented• Can this be fixed?

Good separation Symmetric Slight inward orientation & curvature

Page 34: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Common Filler Mistakes:Tear Trough

• Using the wrong filler

• Placing filler too far inferiorly

• Placing filler too superficially 

• Ignoring the lateral component

Page 35: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Tear Trough Mistake:Using the Wrong Filler

• Higher concentration HA fillers can lead to long‐term edema• Highly resistant to enzyme degradation

• Tissue expander effect• Calcium‐based fillers should never be used• Create visible white nodules

Page 36: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Tear Trough Mistake:Placing Filler Too Far Inferiorly

• Typically due to two causes• Cannula use by an inexperienced injector

• Inferior approach to the tear trough

• Avoided by using needles and entering perpendicular to the skin overlying the tear trough

Page 37: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Tear Trough Mistake:Placing Filler Too Superficially

• More commonly seen in patients treated with cannulas• Inexperienced users place filler in wrong tissue plane

• This cosmetic deformity is more prominent in patients with poor skin elasticity

• Almost always requires enzyme degradation• Can create a ‘tissue expander’ effect

After cannula treatment Post‐enzyme treatment Re‐treated with HA

Page 38: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Master the needle, then the cannula

• Injecting in the correct plane (i.e. supra‐periosteal) is critical

• Much easier to stay in correct plane with needle• Though it is easy to learn cannula technique, you MUST understand anatomic planes to be successful

Page 39: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Tear Trough Mistake:Ignoring the Lateral Component• Technically, the tear trough is only medial

• Continues laterally as palpebromalar groove

• Many injectors ignore the palpebromalar groove since it is often less prominent

• Lateral correction is necessary in >90% of patients treated, and is often more important than medial

Page 40: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

The Midface is the Among the Most Complex Areas of the Face• Anatomic variability is incredibly high among patients

• Must pay attention to adjacent areas to maintain balance• Lower cheeks• Temples• Parotid/pre‐auricular  region

• Underlying bony anatomy impacts outcomes greatly

Page 41: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Common Filler Mistakes:Mid‐face Augmentation• Too much emphasis on the medial cheek

• Reliance on a ‘cookbook’ approach

• Not paying attention to the lower cheeks and temples

Page 42: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Mid‐face Mistake: Too much emphasis on the medial cheek

• Too much attention paid to medial cheek by inexperienced injectors

• Can worsen tear trough and decrease size of eyes

• Creates a ‘fat face’ look that can be difficult to correct

Page 43: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

How to Avoid an Over‐injected Medial Cheek

• Typically, place the LEAST amount of filler in the medial cheek

• Understand the limitations of treating the mid‐cheek Can never be fully corrected

• Diagnose carefully: Many patients don’t need ANY filler in the medial cheek (especially younger patients)

Page 44: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

How to Correct an Over‐injected Medial Cheek

• If large amount of filler has been injected (i.e. tissue expansion), enzyme is not advised  creates excess skin

• Best to add filler laterally in an attempt to ‘lift’ the medial cheek

• If tear trough is apparent, treat this as well (conservatively)

Page 45: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Mid‐face Mistake: Reliance on a ‘cookbook’ approach

• 1 – Lateral zygoma• 2 – Mid zygoma• 3 – Anteromedial cheek• 4 – Submalar

• Some protocols recommend injecting in this sequence to best economize product

• Creates unnatural result in patients with high cheekbones, hollow lower cheeks, or a narrow face

1234

Page 46: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Mid‐face Mistake: Not paying attention to the lower cheeks and temples

• Once the mid‐face (cheeks) volume is restored, the temples and lower cheeks often appear volume‐deficient• Especially in patients with high cheekbones

• The temple can be the most powerful area to treat

• Lower cheeks can be treated one of three ways• PLLA/CaHA• HA directly (fanning technique)

Page 47: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Avoid Hollow Lower Cheeks and Temples

• First must recognize patients with low volume and/or elasticity in the lower cheeks

• First stage of treatment may be PLLA  to the lower cheeks and temples• Can then treat with more mid‐face augmentation

• Treating the jawline can often help

• When treating midface with HA,  augment the inferior portion of the zygoma

Page 48: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

How to Treat Hollow Lower Cheeks and Temples

• Typically, these imbalanced patients desire a ‘quick fix’• Treat with HA

• Vollure• Restylane Refyne

• Prefer to treat temples with Sculptra/Radiesse

• Large temple deficits: treat first with HA for foundation, then Sculptra/Radiesse

Page 49: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Prevent the Challenging Filler Face

• Poor filler outcomes can be attributed to:• Bad technique• Lack of anatomic expertise• Poor choice of filler/permanent filler• Not understanding aesthetic principles

• In many cases, these outcomes can be remedied

Page 50: 08.Goldberg How To Prevent the Challenging Filler Face · Facial Fillers • Perhaps the most versatile non‐surgical means of facial ... • Poor or basic understanding of facial

Pro‐Nox and Injectables