Errata Title & Document Type:8510 Network Analyzer Operating and Service Manual Manual Part Number:08510-90001 Revision Date:March 1984 About this Manual Weve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your product. This manual provides the best information we could find. It may be incomplete or contain dated information, and the scan quality may not be ideal. If we find a better copy in the future, we will add it to the Agilent website. HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett- Packard's former test and measurement, life sciences, and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.We have made no changes to this manual copy. Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product. You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test & Measurement website: www.agilent.com Search for the model number of this product, and the resulting product page will guide you to any available information. Our service centers may be able to perform calibration if no repair parts are needed, but no other support from Agilent is available. ..\( Agilent Technologies.' : ..HP8510 - General InfonnatlonTable1-2. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8512ATest Set (Cont'd)GraphicsDataof SystemDynamic AccuracyError. Magnitude andphase measure-ment dynamic accuracyversus signal level Is due tothe combinatlon of the indi-vidual specifiedfadors- listedIn the previous paragraphs. These measurable factorsare combinedbyvector error analysis using theworst-casemethod. This combina-tion Is shown on thefollowing page In twodata graphs, onegraphfor phasemea-surement uncertaintyandone for magnitude measurement uncertainty.Worst-caseMagnitudeDynamicAccuracy Error,-- 8GHzIB-'-18GHz.55/ /.2//2.//. I,""'"05.5"'mIii"//::;~>-B2""/ .2 >-u u~~~"u~ .- .1uu01u 05.05'\\.-02\ ~~ p -.B281.BI'0REF -10 -20 -30 -.B -50 -60 -70 -S0 -S0Measurement Level(d8fromReference)Worst-casePhaseDynamicAccuracy ErrorSir-- 8GHz_.-18GHz20/'0//5/" U>//'" 2l!!'/5l'/Iiic~>-I>-uu'"~~.5"uuuu\-.2\\'\VF-". I.05'0REF -'0 -20 -30-'0-50 -60 -70 -S0 -90Measurement Level(dBfromReference)1-13HP 8510 - General InformationTable1-2. Specifications forH P851UlI'ithH P 8512ATest Selleonl'd)S)'stemFlow GrallhandEquationsTheHP 8510 systemerrormodel flowgraphandequationaredescribedinthefollowingparagraphs. Theflowgraph showsthe source of errorsfortheHP8512AandHP851 OA. Theta ble onpage 1-9/ I-I 0 describeseach ofthese errortermsandliststhecorrectedanduncorrectedvalues.Usingthelinear errortermsintheerror-correctedcolumn ofthetable, andthenominal S-parameter data ofthe deviceunder test, thefollowingequations calculatethetotalerror-correctedmeasurement uncertaintywithaconfidencefactor of99.9%. Theprocedureforusingtheequationsisasfollows:I. Convertthe S-parameters of thedeviceundertesttotheirlinear absolutemagnitude.2. Lookuptheabsolutemagnitude ofthelinear errorterms fromthetableonpage 1-9.3. Themagnitude dynamicaccuracyterm"A"must bereadfromthe graphonpage1-13. Be suretousethelinear scale.4. Combinetheabovethreesets of errorsusingtheequationsbelow.5\' slcmFloII'GraphCPORT 1CON'CTORPORT 2COtN:CTORNOTETheindividual terms areas definedinthetable onpage 1-9.REPLACEMENTPAGE - ALL SERIALSRevised28April 19861-14Table1-3.HP 8510 - General InformatIonSpecificationsfor HP 85/0withHP 8514ATest Set (ColiI'd)WorstcaseMagnitudeDynamicAccuracy Error. eel ....L__.L..._...L__.J..._....J__....L__.L..._...L__.J..._....J__....81Ie RCF -Ie -2B -J0 -"8 -sa -60 -7E1 -Be -90Measurement Level(dBfromReference)Worst-casePhaseDynamicAccuracy Error5"':===1==:+==+:==1===+===1==:+==+:==1=7=1 BGHzt--+--t--t--+---t---1r--+--+--1-:1-/'-;j _.- 18GHz1/ /2" +--t--+---t--+---t--t---t--t--+---,f-I/"/ -i==! ;"2 //v \ \ .-.2 "".?,,="'

Ie ReF -18 -2E1 -30 -"" -S0 -60 -78 -ee -90Measurement Level(dBfromReference)1-27HP 8510- General InformationTuble 1-2. Spl!ciliCl/tiol1,1'lorH P 8jlOwithHP 8jl4ATest Set (Cull/'d)SystemFlo\\" Graph andEquationsTheHP 8510 systemerrormodel flowgraphandequationare describedinthefollowingparagraphs. Theflowgraph shows the source of errorsfor theHP .85I4A andHP8510A. Thetable onpage1-23 describes each oftheseerrortermsandlists thecorrectedanduncorrectedvalues.Usingthelinear error termsinthe error-correctedcolumn of thetable, andthenominal S-parameter data of the deviceunder test,thefollowingequations calculatethetotal error-correctedmeasurement uncertaintywithaconfidencefactorof99.9%. Theprocedureforusing the equationsis as follows:I. Convertthe S-parameters of thedeviceundertesttotheirlinear absolutemagnitude.2. Lookuptheabsolutemagnitude ofthelinear error termsfromthetableonpage1-23.3. Themagnitude dynamicaccuracyterm"A"must bereadfromthegraphonpage1-27. Be suretousethelinear scale.4. Combinetheabovethree sets of errorsusingthe equationsbelow.51'stemFIOII'GraphcPORT ICONNECTORR'lDCABLEPORT 2C!lN'JECTORR'lDCABLENOTEThe individual terms are asdefinedinthetable onpage1-23.REPLACEIVIENTPAGE -ALL SERIALSRevised28April 19861-28HP8510 - General InformationTable1-6. AccessoriesAvailable for /he HP1:15/0 51's/em(Coll/'d.)HP 85131 A 3.5mm TESTPORTRETURNCABLEUsedwiththeHP8513Areflection/transmissiontest set.FrequencyRange:Length:VSWR:Connectors:dcto26.5 GHz81.3 cm(32inches) -10dBm > -10 dBm > -15dBm-Input Port >17 dB >15 dB > 9 dBReturnLoss5TrackingDrift Magnitude .001 x b.oC, Linear(Typical)Phase (0.1 + .01 xf(GHz)xf),oC, Degrees(REPLACEMENTPAGE -ALL SERIALS) rev. 06/85FOllrthRevision,28April 1986I-58e'HP 8510 - General InformationTable1-10. SpecificationsforHP8510withHP8511ATest Set (Cont'djFootnotes for Table of SystemErrorsTypical Conversion Gain Curve:0lD"C';-250 dBand the parameter present In the calibration device Is >50dB, then the highest measured value with negligible ambiguity Is 6 dB less,or 44 dB.3 Fine-grain ripple that compares the smoothed trace to a nonnal trace,excluding 3 dBslope in magnitude response from 3.0 GHz to 18 GHz, androlloff below3GHz for magnitude; typically-9 dBat 0.5 GHz.4 Averaging factor of 1024 is applied.5 Valid only above' 3 GHz for Sl1 due to coupler roUoff. Low-level noise(noise floor) is measured relative to an S21 through measurement In a 10kHz bandwidthand 20%of span smoothing.6 An averaging factor of 128is applied.7 High-level noise Is an RMS value taken of a continuous measurement of ashort circuit or a throughconnection.8 The cable phase stability tenn was arrived at by bending It outperpendicular to the front panel and then reconnecting It. The stabilitywillbe much better when less flexing Is applied.9 Current HP-supplied perfonnance verification tests verify the sum total ofthese individual speclficatlons by verifying transmission and reflectionmagnitude and phase uncertainties Etm, Enn, Etp' and Em' as they aredefined in the equation on page 1-15. TheSe detalle11 perfonnanceverification tests are found in Section IV of this Operating and ServiceManual.1-11HP8510 - General InformatlonTable1-2. Specificationsfor HP 8510withHP 8512ATest Set (Cont'djSourceof SystemDynamic Accuracy ErrorslOThe factors affectingdynamic accuracylisted beloware primarilya functlon of theIF/detector except for compression. In order to measure these values, some of thesystemcables must be disconnected togain access to the individual Instruments.Compression dB:ll-10 dBmIntoPort 2IFAmplifier Gain Accuracy:IFAmplifier Power Range(dBm)12-10 to-34-34 to -46-46 to-58-58 to-70< -70MaximumGain Error (dB)o.005.01.02.03Detector CircularityError: .003 dBpeakDetector dc Offset Error: -100 dBm12IFResiduals: -120 dBm12IFUnearity: .003 dBIncremental Phase Accuracy (Phase vs. Phase) at Measurement Reference: 0.001degrees/degree, not toexceed0.02 degrees peak.10 Current HP-supplied performance verification tests verify the sum total ofthese Individual specifications by verifying transmiSsion and reflectlon magni-tude and phase uncertainties Etm E m' EtD' and E as they are defined Inthe equation on page 1-15. These detailed' verlflcatlon tests arefound In Sectlon IVof this OperatingandService Manual.11 See Section III, Operation, In this Operating and Service Manual for consider-ations In achieving maximumdynamic range.12 These dBmpower level numbers are at the IF input to the HP 8510A, not atthe test set test ports.1-12HP8510- General InfonnatlonTable1-2. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8512ATest Set (Cont'd)Graphics Dataof SystemDynamic AccuracyError. Magnitudeandphase measure-ment dynamic accuracyversus signal level Is due tothe combinationof the Indi-vidual specifiedfactors listedin the previous paragraphs. These measurablefactorsare combined byvector error analysis using theworst-case method. This combina-tion is shown on the following page in twodata graphs, onegraph for phase mea-surement uncertaintyandone for magnitude measurement uncertainty,Worst-caseMagnitudeDynamicAccuracy ErrorI-- 8GHzIe _.-18GHz.5s/.21//2/ ~V. 1I~ e5.5'" CD~//::::;~-'/ >.e2/ f- .2 >.u. ~u'"~5 ~uf- .1uue1uc( c(e5.e5'\\.-e2. ~?'" f- .e2elf- .el,e REF -,e -2e -3e - .00S+---,:::3:-"""-I--+--+--I--+--+--j---\---I

e .1 .2 .3 ... .5 .6 .7 .8 .9ReflectionCoefficient1-178GHz-.- 18GHzHP8510 - General informationTable1-2. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8512ATest Set (Cont'd)Total ReflectionPhaseUncertainty

3-+---1\1---+--1---+--+--+--+----11---+--_1s"T'"-r.....---,--,--......-""T""-.....---,--,--......--,1+-lc+--f--t--+--+-c+--f--t--+----/"' Jf \-E 'n; co=>.... ......._ o .1 .2 .'3 .4 .5 .6 .1 .8 .9Reflection CoefficientGROUPDELAYCHARACTERISTICSAperture:MinimumAperture(Hz) =FrequencySpan (Hz)/(no. of points - 1)MaximumAperture(Hz) =20%of Frequency Span (Hz)8GHz-'- 18GHzRange:The maximumdelay is limited to measuring no more than 180 degrees of phasechange within theminimumaperture.Range = 180deg - 1x Number of Points - 1360 (MinimumAperture) - 2 FrequencySpan (Hz)EXAMPLE: Frequency Span =40 MHzNumber of Points=201MinimumAperture =200 kHzRange =2.5 us1-18IHP8510 - General informationTable1-2. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8512ATest Set+ Noise=GroupDelay lllgh-Level Noise:Continuous measurement of a through connection displays RMSnoiseas follows:0.004 x Nh(thehigh-level phasenoise)Aperture(Hz)1.41 x Delay (sec) x Residual FM(10 kHz BW, Hz)Aperture(Hz)Accuracy:Delay accuracy Is a function of the uncertainty of the phase change and thefrequency linearity. The following formula can be used todetermine theaccura-cy. In seconds, of aspecific groupdelaymeasurement:Accuracy= 0.003 x Phase Accuracy(degrees)12 +Aperture(Hz)[Delay (sec)] x[linearity(Hz)]Aperture(Hz)EXAMPLE: Given Is a systemwith an HP 8340A sweeper operating In steppedsweepmode with 101 points per sweep over a 50 MHz span. The device has 50ns of delay andverylittleamplitudechange over thepassband. In this ease, theHP8340AlinearityIs4Hz(resolution).Accuracy= 0.003 x[0.02deg] + [SOns] x [4Hz]50MHz!t00pointsAccuracy =0.12ns12a)Phaseaccuracycan be anyof the foliowIng types:Incremental Phase Accuracy (Phase vs. Phase) for narrow band applicationswhere verylittlechanges in amplitudeoccur (page 1-12).b) Worst-Case Phase Dynamic Accuracy for narrow band applications where sig-nificant amplitudechanges occur (page 1-13).c) Total TransmissionPhaseUncertainty(Etpl for the general case(page 1-15).1-19HP 8S1O- General InformationTable1-3. Specificationsfor HP8510withHP 8514ATest Setr------------------,eINTRODUCTIONANDGENERALCHARACTERISTICSThe combination of an HP 8514Atest set with an HP 8S10Anetwork analyzerandan HP 8340Asweeper forms a systemfor making reflection (Sl1 and S22)and transmission (S21 and S12) measurements over the frequency range of SOOMHz to 18GHz.Specification AssumptionsThe specifications of this table assume that the following conditions are met: The RF source is an HP 8340A synthesized sweeper operating in steppedsweepmode. The temperature is in the range of 00Cto 5SoC, except where noted. Reflection calibration and measurement Is done at the test port (Port 1orPort 2). The transmission return path for transmission calibration andmeasurement is through an HP 8S132B test port cable set to the oppositeport. Loadmatch measurements are taken directlyat the test ports. +10 dBmpower level at the RFsource output. Calibration is performed with an HP 8S0S0A7mmcalibration kit for a fulltwo-port calibration. Vertfication procedures use the HP 8S0S1A7mmverification kit.FrequencyRange eReflection andTransmission: SOO MHz to 18.0 GHz (reduced dynamicrange below500 MHz; typically 30 dBof loss In dynamic range at 45 MHz)Test PortsConnector Type: Precision 7mmSexlessImpedance: 50ohms nominalNominal Operating Power Level:Test Port 1: +3 dBmat 4S MHz -0.4 dB/GHzRFInput ConnectorConnector Type: Precision 3.SmmFemaleDamage Input Level: +20 dBmMinimumand MaximumReferenceChannel PowerMinimumInput Power at rear-panel RF INPUT port (for Reference ChannelPhase Lock): -3dBmMaximum Input Power at rear-panel RF INPUT port (level before 0.1 dBcompression): +16 dBm1-20HP8510 - General informationTable[-3. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8514ATest Set (Cont'd)HARDWAREANDSYSTEMPERFORMANCESPECIFICATIONSTableof SystemErrors9The following table lists specifications for various sources of system error,Values are listed for uncorrected measurements, corrected measurements afteraccuracy enhancement, and verification limits. Data In the column labeled"Residual After Accuracy Enhancement" is measured accurately at the factorywith special standards that are traceable to the National Bureau of Standards.Devices In the calibration and verification kits, HP 85050A and HP 85051A.have the precision and accuracy to calibrate the system and to verify thesource of error tothe limits shown in the "Verification Limits" column.1-21/1-22Source ofSystemErrorsTable1-3. Specifications for HP 8510withHE'8514ATest Set (Cont'd)Symbol Error Source Uncorrected Residual After AccuracyEnhancementl,6 Verification Umltsl 26O.5-SGHz S-18GHz O.S-SGHz S-ISGHz 0.5-SGHz S-ISGHzdBor Deg dBor Deg tinear dB Llnear dB dB dBD Directivity -26dB -22dB .0032 -50dB .0032 -50dB -44dB -44dBMsSource Match -15dB -9dB .01 -40dB .01,-40dB -37dB -37dBMILoadMatch -15dB -9dB .01 -40dB .01 -40dB -40dB -40dBTrReflection Tracklng UdB3ldB3.006 .05dB .006 .05dB .05dB .05dB.TtTransmission Tracklng UdB ldB .0036 .03dB .007 .06dB .03dB .06dBC Crosstalk4-SOdB -80dB .000032 -90dB .000032 -90dB -90dB -90dBRrlPort I Reflection Connector -70dB -65dB .00032 -70dB .0006 -65dBRepeatablIlty(Typical)RUPort I Transmission Connector -70dB -65dB .00032 -70dB .0006 -65dBRepeatablIlty(Typical)Rr2Port 2 Reflection Connector -70dB -65dB .00032 -70dB .0006 -65dBRepeatablIlty(Typical)Rt2Port 2Transmission Connector -70dB -65dB .00032 -70dB .0006 -65dBRepeatablIlty(Typical)NILow-Level Noise (Noise Floor)5 -71dB -67dB .000028 -91dB .000045 -87dB -91dB -87dBNhHigh-Level Nolse7Magnitude .015dB .02dB .00018 .0015dB .00023 .002dB .0015dB .002dBPhase O.lDeg 0.15DegA S510AMagnitude Dynamic Accuracy Refer tomagnitUde curve on page 1-27.Error (PrimarilyIF and Detector)Su Port I Cable Tjansmlsslon .05 x f(GHz). DegreesPhase StablIlty"SriPort I llable Reflection -70dB -60dB .00032 -70dB .001 -60dBStablIltySt2Port 2Cable Tjansmlsslon .05 x f(GHz), DegreesPhase StabilitySr2Port 2llable Reflection -70dB -60dB .00032 -70dB .001 -60dBStablIltyTtdTransmission MagnitUde .001 x lJ.o C. LinearTracklng Drift(Typical) Phase (0.1 + .01 x f(GHz x lJ.o C. DegreesTrdReflection MagnitUde .001 x lJ.o C, LinearTracklng Drift(Typical) Phase (0.1 + .01 x f(GHz x lJ.o C, Degrees ,1-23/1-241HP8510 - General informationTable1-3. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8514ATest Set(Cont'd)Footnotes for Tableof SystemElTorsAccuracyenhancement is achieved using the HP 85050A7mmcalibration kitfor a full two-port calibration. The environmental temperature Is 230Ct3 C at calibration; tlO C from the calibration temperature must bemaintainedfor validcalibration andverification.2 Numbers shown are for verification tests using devices in the HP 85050Aprecision 7mmcalibration kit and the HP 85051Aprecision 7mmverificationkit. For other standards, use appropriate uncertainty. Parameters of thesystemare measuredat the factory with one set of standards. These sameparameters may be tested again in the field wi th the verifica tlonprocedures, using a second set of standards, the calibration and verificationkits. The measured verification values will always have more uncertaintythan the calibration and verification standards. For example, if theparameter value in the systemis >50 dB and the parameter present in thecalibration device is >50 dB, then the highest measured value with negligibleambiguityis 6dBless, or 44 dB.3 Fine-grain ripple that compares the smoothed trace to a normal trace,excluding 2 dBslope in magnitUde response from 3.0 GHz to 18 GHz, androlloff below3GHz for magnitUde; typically-9 dBat 0.5 GHz.4 Averaging factor of 1024 is applied.5 Validonly above 3GHz due tocoupler rolloff. Low-level noise (noise floor)Is measured relative to an S21 through measurement in a 10 kHz bandwidthand 20%of span smoothing.6 An averaging factor of 128 is applied.7 High-level noise is an RMSmeasurement taken of a continuous measurementof a short circuit or a through connection.8 The cable phase stability term was arrived at by bending it outperpendicular to the fron t panel and then reconnecting it. The stabilitywillbe much betterwith less flexing applied.9 Current HP-supplied performance verification tests verify the sum total ofthese individual specifications by verifying transmission and reflectionmagnitude and phase uncertainties EtT, Erm, Etp' and ErR' as they aredefined in the equation on page -29. TheSe detailetl performanceverification tests are found in Section IV of this Operating and ServiceManual.1-25HP8510 - General InfonnatlonTable1-3. Specificationsfor HP 8510withHP 8514ATest Set (Cont'd)Sourceof SystemDynamic AccuracyErrorslOThe factors affectingdynamic accuracylistedbeloware primarilya function of theIF/detector except for compression. In order to measure these values, some of thesystemcables must be disconnected togain access to the individual instruments.Compression .el uu.ees, I...:"""8GHzIe _.-18GHz5// /21//.5//' VOJ.2

V>../uf- 1

:>uu.es.e2.eel__ HI REF" -10 -20 -38 -40 -521 -60 -7e1 -Be -S0Measurement Level(dBfromReference)Worst-casePhaseDynamicAccuracy Error.el50-r==r===+===1===!===!==+===+==+===+:::;;Z::::) 8GHz1---+--+--I--+--+------jI--+---+---1--1-/'---j -.-18GHz1/ /2e +--4--+--+--4--I--+--+--I---.!L---7L!/1/ /-1--+--+--+---l---+--+-----7f-1/7.LJ- /--+--12 V// ,

.es-E:10 RtF -10 -20 -J0 -"'u, -sa -60 -70 -Be -S0Measurement Level(dBfromReference)1-27HP8510 - General InformationTable1-3. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8514ATest Set (Cont'd)SystemFlowGraph andEquatioosThe HP 8510 system error model flow graph and equation are described In thefollowing paragraphs.- . The flowgraphshows'the source of errors for the HP8514Aand HP 8510A. The table on page 1-23 describes each of these error terms andlists the uncorrectedand correctedvalues.Using the linear error terms In the error-corrected column of the table, combinedwith the nominal S-Parameter data of the device under test, the followingequations calculate the total error-corrected measurement uncertainty with aconfidence factor of 99.9%. The procedure for using the equations is as follows:1. Convert the S-Parameters of the device under test to their linear absolutemagnitude.2. Look up the absolute magnitude of the linear error terms from the table onpage'I-23.3. The magnitude '"CZ,2

.;;;

u

=>/ ////B 6Hz-'-186Hz.2 +--t---j---+--+--t---j---+---\.I-L__.......... e 10 20 30 "0 50 60 ?0 BeAttentuation (dB)Total ReflectionMagnitudeUncertainty.02S-r-..,--r--"T'"-..,--r--"T'"--;---';--"--' .02+---+--j--+--j---j--+--j-----jf-"7''17L.--J/"///

:5 t '" .g #P".d-?" .00S+--c:::44 dB returnloss. This is used as an impedance reference in the HP 8510 system for timedomain operation.Option 020 deletes a torquewrenchandgages.1-47HP8510 - General InformationTable1-6. AccessoriesAvailable for theHP 8510System(Cont'd)Qty. HPPartNumberDescription.11I11111111111111111250-17661250-17671250-17681250-17691250-18641250-18651250-18661250-18621250-18631250-17461250-174785052-6000185052-600021250-18911250-17841250-17851250-187685052-80001Precision 3,5mmOffset Open, malePrecision 3.5mmOffset Open, femalePrecision 3.5mmOffset Short, male, 180 degrees fromOpenon the averagePrecision 3.5mm Offset Short, female, 180 degrees fromOpen on the averagePrecision 3.5mmBarrel, male-to-male, same electrical lengthas the following twoitemsPrecision 3.5mm Barrel, female-to-female, same electricallengthas the previous and the following itemsPrecision 3.5mm Barrel, male-to-female, same electricallength as the two previous items3.5mm Connector Gage, male and female and calibrationblock3.5mmTorque Wrench (8 lb.-in.)7mmto 3.5mmMale Adapter7mmto 3.5mmFemale AdapterPrecision 3.5mmFixedLoad, male, returnloss >40 dBdc to4GHzPrecision 3.5mmFixedLoad, female, return40 loss >40 dBdc to4GHzPrecision 3.5mmSliding Load, >46 dBonAirline Section 4 to26.5 GHzCenter Conductor Extender, maleCenter Conductor Extender, femaleCalibra lion Data CartridgePrecision 3.5mm Beadless Airline, 15cmLong, >48dB ReturnLoss 4 to26.5 GHz (Opt. 010)85052AInstrument Case1-48HP8510 - General InfonnatlonTable1--6. AccessoriesAvailable for theHP 8510System(Cont'd)HP85053A3.5MMVERIFICATIONKITThe HP 85053A verification kit contains a set of precision 3.5mm measuredstandards used to verify the perfonnance of an HP 85lO-series network analyzeroperating with error correction. The devices contained in the kit aresuppliedwitheither electrical or mechanical data.Qty. HPPartNumber11250-18691 1250-18711 85053-600011 85053-600021 85053-8000111DescriptionPrecision 3.5mmBeadless Airline, 50 Ohm, 7.5cmLong, >46 dBReturn LossPrecision 3.5mm Stepped Impedance Airline, ReflectionCoefficient =0.60, 25 Ohms Nominal, 7.5cmLongPrecision 3.5mm20 dBAttenuatorPrecision 3.5mm40 dBAttenuatorHP 85053AInstrument CaseCalibration Da ta Cartridge (contains deviceS-Parameter Data)PrintedS-Parameter Data1-49HP8510- General informationTable1-6. AccessoriesAvailable for theHP 85/0System(Cont'd)HP85054ATYPENCALIBRATIONKITThe HP85054Acalibration kit contains a set of precision calibration standards usedto calibrate an HP 851O-series network analyzer system when makingerror-corrected measurements of devices with a Type-Nconnector Interface. Also,the kit contains precision 7mm to Type-N adapters for converting the test portinterface.Qty. HPPartNumber1 85032-200011 85032-200022 85032-200032 85032-200041 11511A1 11512A2 11525A1 905A1 909COpt. 0121 909COpt. 0132 85054-600011 85054-800011DescriptionType-NOpen Circuit FemaleType-NOpen Circuit Body, MaleCenter Conductor Extension, MaleCenter Conductor Extension HandleShort Circuit, Type-N, FemaleShort Circuit, Type-N, Male7mmto Type-NMale AdapterCoaxial Sliding LoadFixedLoad, 50Ohms, MaleFixedLoad, 50 Ohms, Female7mmtoType-NFemale AdapterInstrument CaseCalibration Data Cartridge1-50\.HP8510 - General InfonnatlonTable1-6. AccessoriesAvailable for theHP 8510System(Cont'd)HP85131A3.5MMTESTPORTRETURNCABLEUsedwithHP8513Areflection/transmission test set.Frequency Range: dc to 26.5 GHzLength: 92.3 cm(36 Inch)VSWR: +13 dBmRFInput ConnectorConnector Type: Precision 3.5mmFemaleDamage Input Level: +23 dBmMinimumand MaximumReference Channel PowerMinimuminput power at rear-panel RF INPUT port (for Reference ChannelPhase Lock): -2 dBmMaximum input power at rear-panel RF INPUT port (level before 0.1 dBcompression): +12 dBm 1-66HP8510 - General InformationTablel-ll. Specifications for liP 8510wi/It liP 8513ATest Set (Cont'd)HARDWAREANDSYSTEMPERFORMANCESPECIFICATIONSTableof SystemEnors1The following tables list specifications for various sources of system enor.One table lists the 7mm connector specification values for uncorrected mea-surements, corrected measurements after accuracy enhancement, and verifica-tion limits, over the frequency range of 45 MHz to 18 GHz, The other tablelists the 3.5mm connector specification values for uncorrected measurementsand corrected measurements after accuracy enhancement (typical), over thefrequency range of 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz. Devices in the 7mmcalibration andverirication kits, HP 85050A and 85051A respectively, have the precisioll andaccuracy to calibrate the system and to verify the source- of error to thelimits shown in the "Verification Limits" column of the 7mm specificationstable.1-67

00Table1-11. Specifications for HP 8510 withHP 8513ATest Set withtmmConnectorsSource of SystemErrorsSymbol Error Source Uncorrected ResidualAfter AccuracyEnhancamant'9 VerificationL,imits"" 9.045-86Hz 8-186Hz .045-86Hz 8-186Hz .045-8liHz 8-186Hzd8erOeg. d8orOeg. Linear dB Linear dB dBidB0 Directivity -22dB -24dB .0032 -50 .0032 -50 -44.-44MsSourceMatch -22dB -15dB .01 -40 .01 -40 -37i-37M, loadMatch -23dBdB .01 -40 .01 -40 -40 -40T, Reflection Tracking 1 dSS1 dSs.006 .O5 .006 .O5 .O5 .O5T, TransmissionTracking .75dB .75dB .0018 .O15 .0035 .O3 .O15 .O3C Crosstallf -BOdB -BOdB .000032 -90 .000032 -90 -90 -90A"Pori 1 ReflectionConnector-70dB -B5dB .00032 -70 .0006 -B5Repeatability(Typical)A"Port 1 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB .00032 -70 .0006 -65Repeatability (Typical)A"Port 2 ReflectionConnector-70dB -B5dB .00032 -70 .0006 -65Repeatability(Typical)A"Port 2 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB .00032 -70 .0006 -65Repeatability(Typical)N, low-Level Noise(NoiseFloor)8 -73dB -70dB .000022 -93 .000032 -90 -93 .-90NhHigh-level Noise1OMagnitude .015dB .02dB .0001B .0015 . .00023 .002 .0015 .002Phase .1 Oeg. .15DegA 8510AMagnitudeDynamic AccuracyRefer tomagnitude curveError (PrimarilyIFandDetector)8"pori2 Cable Transmission0.1 x f (GHz), degreesPhaseStability (Typical)llTidTransmission Magnitude x.1. C,"TrackingDrift(Typical) Phase (0.1 + .01 x f (GHz)) x .1.C, DegreesT"Reflection MagnitUde .001x.1. C, linearTrackingDrift(Typical) Phase (0.1 + .01 x f (GHz)) x .1.C, Degrees TableI-II. Specifications for HP 8510 withHP 8513ATest Setwith3.5mmConnectorsSource of SystemErrors-$Symbol Error Source Uncorrected Residual AfterAccuracyEnhancement (Typical)3.9.D45-8GHz 8-18 GHz 18-26.5GH .D45-8GHz 8-18GHz 18-26.5GHzdBDr Oeg. dBDr Oeg. dBor Oeg. Linear dB Linear dB Linear dB0 Directivity -22dB -24dB -24dB .01 -40 .01 -40 .013 -3eMsSourceMatch -22dB -15dB -14dB .032 -30 .032 -30 .032 -30M, loadMatch -25dB -17dB -17dB .032 -30 .032 -3D .032 -30T, Reflection Tracking 1deS .75deS 1deS .017 .15 .017 .15 .017 .15T, Transmission Tracking 1dB .75dB 1dB .0023 .02 .004B .O4 .0069 .O6C C r o s s t a l ~ -BO dB -BOdB -70dBl.000032 -90 .000032 -90 .0001 -BO'R"Port 1 Reflection Connector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 .001 -60Repeatability (Typical)f\,Port 1 Transmission Connector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 .001 -60Repeatability (Typical)R'2Port 2 ReflectionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 .001 -60Repeatability (Typical)R"Port 2 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 .001 -60Repeatability(Typical)N, Low-Level Noise (NoiseFloor)8 -73dB -70dB -54dB7.000022 -93 .000032 -90 .00020 -747NoHigh-level Noise1OMagnitude .015dB .02 dB .04dB .00017 .0015 .00023 .002 .00046 .004Phase .1 Deg. .15Deg .28DegA 8510AMagnitudeDynamic AccuracyRefer to magnitudecurveError (PrimarilyIFandDetector)512Port2 CableTransmission0.1 x f (GHz), degreesPhase Stability(Typica011T.Transmission Magnitude .001x AC, linearTracking Drift(TypicaO Phase (0.1 +.01 x I(GHz) x ./lC,DegreesT.Reltection Magnitude .001x ./lC, linearTracking Drift(TypicaO Phase (0.1 +.01 x f (6Hzx ./lC,DegreesliP8510 - General InformationFootnotes for Tableof SystemErrorsTable/-//. Specifications for HP 8510withliP 85/3ATest Set (Collt"djI234Current HP-supplied performance verification tests verify individual errorsource specifications and/or verify the sum total of these individualspecifications by verifying transmission and reflection magnitude and phaseuncertainties Et' Erm, Etand Er' as they are defined in the equationon page' 1-74. 9-hese detailed performance verification tests are found inSection IVof this Operating andService Manual.7mm connector accuracy enhancement is achieved using the HP 85050A7mm calibration kit and an HP 85130A adapter set for a full two-portcalibration. The environmental temperature is 230C 3 Cat calibration;IoC from the calibration temperature must be maintained for validcalibratiori andverification.Accuracy enhancement is achieved using an flP 85052A 3.5mm calibrationkit for a full two-port calibration. The environmental temperature is 230C3 C at calibration; 10C from the calibration temperature must bemaintained for validcalibration andverification.Numbers shown are for verification tests using devices in the HP 85050A7mm calibration kit and the HP 85051A 7mm verification kit. For otherstandard:;, use appropriate uncertainty. Parameters of the system aremeasuredat the factory with one set of standards. These same parametersmay be tested again in the field with the verification procedures, using asecondset of standards, the calibration and verification kits. The measuredverification values will always have more uncertainty than the calibrationand verification standards. For example, if the parameter value in thesystemis >50 dB and the parameter present in the calibration device is >50dB, then the highest measured value with negligible ambiguity is 6 dB less,or 44 dB.Residual ripple that compares the smoothed trace toa normal trace.56From45 MHz to 18 Gflz an averaging factor of 1024 is applied.GHz to 26.5 GHz an averaging factor of 4096 is applied.From 1878With +10 dBm of source power available, the noise floor specification andthe ability to measure crosstalk improves by 10 dB.Low-level noise (noise floor) is measured relative to an S21 throughmeasurement in a 10 kHz bandwidth and 20%of span smoothing.9An averaging factor of 128is applied.10 High-level noise is an RMS value taken of a continuous measurement of ashort circuit or a through connection.11 The cable phase stability term was arrived at by bending the cable outperpendicular to the front panel and then reconnecting it. The stabilitywillbe muchbetter when less flexing is applied.1-70HP 8510 - General InformationTablel-ll. Specifications for llP 8510with IlP 8513ATest Set (Cont'd)Sourceof SystemDynamic Accuracy Errors12The factors affectingdynamic accuracy listed beloware primarilya function of theIF/detector except for compression. In order to measure these values, some of thesystemcables must be disconnected togain access to the individual instruments.Compression 0.1 dBpoint:13IF Amplifier Gain Accuracy:;;, -7 dBminto Port 2, 45 MHz to 18 GHz;;, -12 dBminto Port 2, 18 GHz to 26.5 GHzIF Amplifier Power Range (dBm)14 MaximumGain Enor (dB)-10 to-22 0-22 to -34 .005-34 to-46 .01-46 to-58 .02< -58 .03Detector CircularityError: .003 dBpeakDetector dc Offset Error: -100 dBm14IF Residuals: -120 dBm14IF Linearity: .003 dBIncremental Phase Accuracy (Phase vs. Phase) at Measurement Reference: 0.001degrees/degree, not toexceed 0.02 degrees peak.12131415Currerit HP-supplied performance verification tests verify the individual errorsource specifications and/or the sum total of these individual specifications byverifying transmission and reflection magnitude and phase uncertain ties Etm,Ern!' Etp' and Erp' as they are defined in the equation on page 1-74. Thesedetailed performance verification tests are found in Section IVof this Operat-ing andService Manual.See Section III, Operation, in this Operating and Service Manual for consider-ations in achieving maximumdynamic range.These dBm power level numbers are at the IF input to the HP 8510A, not atthe test set test ports.Reference is at the following" test port power levels:-6 dBMat 8GHz-9 dBmat 18GHz-22 dBmat 26.5 GHz1-71HP 8510 - General InformatiOl1Table1-ll. Specifications for HP8510withHP8513ATest Set (Cont'd)Graphics Dataof SystemDynamic AccuracyError. Magnitude and phase measure- ment dynamic accuracyversus signal level is due to the combinatiOl1 of the indi-vidual specified factors listedin the previous paragraphs. These measurable factorsare combinedbyvector error analysis using the worst-case method. This combina-tion is shown on the following twodata graphs, one graph for phase measurement.uncertaintyand one for magnitude. measurement .uncertainty.Worst-caseMagnitudeDynamicAccura-".2~::>"" .1 . 05.02Measurement Level (dBfromRef)/////// // //;/-\,--'.\ /- f-f- .01113 REF -113 -20 -313 -40 -513 -60 -713 -80 -90.5.2. I~OJ'".05.!:>-".02~::>"".01.1305.1302.131211Worst-casePhaseDynamicAccuracyError/,I/OJ/// //////-- ~' \ ~ - --~k-="\V- ~8 GHz18GHz26.5GHz.0510 REF -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -60 -90Measurement Level (dBfromRef)1-72-HP 8510 - General In[ormationTablei-fl. Specifications for liP 8510withliP 85i3ATest Set (Cont'd)SystemFlowGraph and EquationsThe HP 8510 system error model now graph and equations are described in thefollowing paragraphs. The nowgraph shows the source o[ errors [or the HP 8513Aand HP 8510A. The tables on page 1-68/1-69 describe each of these error termsand lists the uncorrected andcorrectedvalues.Using the linear.error terms in the error-corrected column of the table, and thenominal S-Parameter data o[ the device under test, the following equationscalculate the total error-corrected measurement uncertainty with a confidence[actor of 99.9%. The procedure for using the equations is as [ollows:I. Convert the S-Parameters o[ the device under test to their linear absolutemagnitude.2. Look up the absolute magnitude of the linear error terms from the tables onpages 1-68 and 1-69.3. The magnitude dynamic accuracy term "A" must be read [rom the graph onpage 1-72. Be sure to use the linear scale.4. Combine the above three sets of errors using the equations below.. SystemFlowGraphCPORT 1CONNECTORNOTEPORT 2CONNECTORThe individual terms are as defined in the table on page 1-68and 1-69.1-73HP 8510 - G ' ~ n e r a l InformationTableI-/l. Specifications for liP8510withUP 8513ATest Set (Cont'd)Total Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty(Etm)Etm(linear) =Vt +SZI x Ttd(magnitude) andEtm(log) =20 logO Etm/SZ1)whereVt= St + ~ wt2+xt2+yt2+2t2St= Systematic Error= C+ TtSZl +Ms311S21 + MISZ2S21 +AS2lWt =Random' low-level noise =3NIXt=Randomhigh-level noise =3NhSZ1Yt=RandomPort-l repeatability =RtlSZ1+RrlS11S2l2t=RandomPort-2 repeatability=RtZSZ1+Rr2S2ZS21Total Transmission Phase Uncertainty(Etp)Etp=Sin-I(Vt!S21) +St2+Ttd(phase)Total RcnectionMagnitUde Uncertainty(Erm)Erm(linear) =VI' + Sll x Trd(magnitude) ; andErm(log) =20 log(1 Erm/Sll)whereVI' =Sr'+ ~ Wr2+Xr2+ yr2+2rZ; andSr = Systematic Error = D+TrSll +MsSl1Z+MlS21S12+ASllWr =Randomlow-level noise =3NIXr=Randomhigh-level noise =3NhSllYr=RandomPort-l repeatability=Rrl+2RtlSl1+Rr1S1122r=RandomPort-2 repeatability=RrZSZlS12Total Renection Phase Uncertainty(Eq)Erp=Sin-I(Vr/Sll) +Trd(phase)1-74HP 8510 - General InformationTable 1-11. Specificationsfor /lP8510with/lP8513ATest Set (Cont"d) E"lJectcd SystemPerformanceThe following graphs showphase and magnitude ml)aSUrement uncertainty after ac-curacyenhancement for both reflection (Sll) and transmission (S21) measurement ofdevices with precision 7mmconnectors, and with precision 3.5mmconnectors. Theuncertainty is derived by computing the contribution of each source of error byusing the equations on page 1-74 and the table on page 1,-68 and 1-69. The resul-tant values are combined in the following graphs' These graphs are for a con-fidence factor of 99.9%. The following assumptions are made:Reflection: S21 and S12 of the device under test is O.Transmission: Sll and S22 of the device under test is O.Cable StabilitySt2 and SystemDrift Ttdand TI'd = O.Total TransmissionMagnitudeUncertaintywithtmmConnectors//// '///v'::/-I.52CD~i':' ,5c:On;t::'".2 uc:~.1.05.02}.0110 2 3. 4. 50 60 70 808 GHz18GHz26,5GHzAttenuation (dB)1-75HP8510 - General InformationTotal Transmission PhaseUncertaintywithtmmConnectorsTable1-11. Specifications for HP 85/0withHP8513ATest Set (Cont'd).'/,/ 7-- . - -///./:/ V-----I--V5.2.-.Table1-11. Specijicationsjor HP 8510 withHP 8515ATest Set withtmmConnectorsSource oj SystemErrorsSymbol ErrorSource Uncorrected Residuel AfterAccuracyEnhancement" 9 VerificationLimits2, 4, 9.045-8GHz 8-18GHz .045-8GHz 8-18GHz .045-8GHz 8-18GHzdBDr D,g. dBDr Deg. linear dB Linear dB dB dB0 Directivity -22 -24 .0032 -50 .0032 -50 -44 -44MsSourceMatch -22 -15 .01 -40 .01 -40 -37 -37M, loadMatch -22 -15 .01 -40 .01 -40 -40 -40T, ReflectionTracking 1' " .7S5.0058 .05 .0058 .05 .05 .05TtTransmissionTracking 1 .75 .0035 .03 .0070 .O6 .03 .06C C r o s s t a l ~ -80 -80 .000032 -90 000032 -90 -90 -90""Port1 ReflectionConnector,Repeatability (Typical)-70d8 -65 d8 .00032 -70 00032 -65A"PorI 1 TransmissionConnector-70dB -70 .00032IRepeatability(Typical)-65dB .00032 -65"'2Port 2 ReflectionConnector-70 d8 -65d8 .00032 -70 .00032 -65Repeatability(Typical)A"Port 2 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB .00032 -70 .00032 -65Repeatability(Typical)Ntlow-Level Noise (NoiseFloor)B -71 -66 .000028 -91 .000050 -86 -91 -86NhHigh-level Noise1OMagnitude .015.0' .00017 .0015 .00023 .002Phase .1 Oeg. .15DegA BS10AMagnitudeDynamicAccuracyError (PrimarilyIFandDetector)Refer tomagnitudecurveonPage1-85SitPort 1 Cable Transmission.05 x f (GHzj, degreesPhase Stability(Typical)11S,tPort 1 CableReflection-70dB -60dB .00032 .001 -60Stability(Typical) -70S"Port 2 Cable Transmission.05x f (GHi), degreesPhase Stability (Typical) 11S'2Port 2 CableReflection-70dB -60dB .00032 .001 -60Stability (Typical) -. - -70TidTransmission Magnitude .001x d cC, linearTrackingDrift(Typical) Phase (0.1 + .01 x f (GHz))x 6,"C, DegreesTooReflection Magnitude .001 x 6,"C, linearTracking Drift(Typical) Phase (0.1+.01 x f (GHz)) x 6,"C, DegreesTable1-11.Source 0/ SystemErrorsSpecifications/or HP 8510withHP 8515ATestSet with3.5mmConnectors,00u.Symbol Error Source Uncorrected ResidualAfter AccuracyEnhancement(Typical)',9.045-S6Hz S-IS6Hz S-26.56Hz .045-S6Hz S-IS6Hz IS-26.56HzdSor D,g. dSor D,g. dSor D,g. linear dB Linear dB Linear dB0 Directivity -22dB -24dB -24dB .01 -40 .0' -40 ,0'3 -38MsSourceMatch -22dB -'5dB -'3dB .032 -30 ,032 -3D ,032 -30M, loadMatch -22dB -15dB -13dB .032 -30 .032 -30 .032 -30T,Reflection Tracking 1dSS1dSS1.5dSS.017 .15 .017 .15 .017 ,'5T,Transmission Tracking , dB , dB 1.7dB ,0023 .02 .005B ,05 ,0093 ,OBC-80dB -80dB -70dB7.000032 -90 .000032 -90 .0001 -807RllPort 1 ReflectionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 ,00056 -65 .001 -60Repeatability(Typical)RllPort 1 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 ,DO' -60Repeatability (Typical)R"Pori 2 ReflectionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056Repeatability {Typical)-65 .001 -60,\,Port2 TransmissionConnector-70dB -65dB -60dB .00032 -70 .00056 -65 ,DO' -60Repeatability (Typical)N,Low-Level Noise (NoiseFloor)8 -71dB -66dB -50dB7,000028 -91 .000050 -B6 .00032 -707N,High-level Noise'OMagnitude .015dB ,02 dB' .04dB .00017 .0015 .00023 ,002 .00046 .004Phase .1 Deg. .15Deg .28DegA 8S10AMagnitudeDynamic AccuracyError (PrimarilyIFandDetector)Refer to magnitudecurveonpage1-855"Port 1 Cable Transmission.05 x f (GHz), degreesPhase Stability 5"Port 1 CableReflection-70dB -60dB -55 ,00032 -70Stability(Typical).00' -60 .0018 -55512Port 2 Cable Transmission.05x f (GHz), degreesPhase Stability (Typical)11502Port 2 Cable Transmission-70dB -60dB -55 .00032Stability (Typical)-70 .001 -60 .0018 -55TidTransmission Magnitude .001 x .6C, linearTrackingDrift(Typical) Phase (0.1+ .01 x I (GHz))xL\ C, DegreesTidReflection Magnitude .001 xL\ C, linearTrackingDrilt(Typical) Phase (0.1+.01 x f (GHz))x L\oC. DegreesHP 8510 - General InformationFootnotes for Tableof SystemErrorsTable I-IZ. Specifications for llP 8510witTz HP 8515ATest Set (Conl'd)12345Current HP-supplied performance verification tests verify the individualerror source specifications and/or verify the sum total of these individualspecifications by verifying transmission and reflection magnitude and phaseuncertainties Et' Erm, Etand Eras they are defined in the equationon page 1-90. I1f'hese detaB'ed performance verification tests are found inSection IVof this Operating andService Manual.Accuracyenhancemen t is achieved using the HP 85050A7mmcalibration kitand an HP 85130A adapter set for a full two-port calibration. Theenvironmental temperature is 230C 3 Cat calibration; 1 C from thecalibration temperature must be maintained for valid calibration andverification.Accuracy enhancement is achieved using an HP 85052A 3.5mm calibrationkit for a full two-port calibration. The environmental temperature is 230C3 C at calibration; 1 C from the calibration temperature must bemaintainedfor validcalibration andverification.Numbers shown are for verification tests using devices in the HP 85050A7mm calibration kit and the HP 85051A 7mm verification kit. For otherstandards, use appropriate uncertainty. Parameters of the system aremeasuredat the factory with one set of standards. These same parametersmay be tested again in the field with the verification procedures, using asecondset of standards, the calibration and verification kits. The measuredverification values will always have more uncertainty than the calibrationand verification standards. For example, if the parameter value in thesystemis >50 dBand the parameter present in the calibration device is >50dB, then the highest measured value with negligible ambiguity is 6 dB less,or 44 dB.Residual ripple that compares the smoothed trace toa normal trace.'.6From45 MHz to 18 GHz an averaging factor of 1024 is applied.GHz to26.5 GHz an averaging factor of 4096 is applied.From 1878With +10 dBm of source power available, the noise floor specification andthe ability tomeasure crosstalkimproves by 10 dB.Low-level noise (noise floor) is measured relative to an S21 throughmeasurement.9An averaging factor of 128 is applied.10 High-level noise is an RMS value taken of a continuous measurement of ashort circuit or a through connection.11 The cable phase stability term was arrived at by bending the cable outperpendicular to the front panel and then reconnecting it. The stabilitywillbe much better when less flexing is applied.1-86HP 8510 - General InformationTable 1-12. Specifications for HP8510withHP 8515ATest Set (Collt'd)Sourceof SystemDynamic Accuracy Errors12The factors affecting dynamic accuracy listed beloware primarilya function of theIF/detector except for compression, In order to measure these values, some of thesystemcables must be disconnected togain access to the individual instruments,Compression 0.1 dBPoint: 13 ;::,: +2 dBmintoTest Port, 45 MHz to 18 GHz;::,: -3 dBmintoTest Port, 18 GHz to26.5 GHzIF Amplifier Gain Accuracy(Typical):IF Amplifier Power Range(dBm)14 MaximumGain Error (db)-10 to-22 0-22 to-34 .005-34 to-46 .01-46 to-58 .02< -58 .03Detector CirCUlarityError: .003 dBpeakDetector dc Offset EITor: -100 dBm14IF Residuals: -120 dBm14IF Linearity: .003 dBIncremental Phase Accuracy (Phase vs. Phase) at Measurement Reference: O.OOldegrees/degree, not to exceed 0.02 degrees peak.12 Current HP-supplied performance verification tests verify the individual errorsource specifications and/or verify the sum total of these individual specifica-tions by verifying transmission and reflection magnitUde and phase uncertaintiesEtm, Erm, Et' and Ero, as they are defined in the equation on page 1-90.These detaile:fperformance verification tests are found in Section IV of thisOpera ting andService Manual.13 See Section Ill, Operation, in this Operating and Service Manual for consider-ations in achieving maximumdynamic range.14 These dBm power level numbers are at the IF input to the HP 8510A, not atthe test set test ports.15Reference is at the folIowing test port power levels:-8 dBmat 8GHz-12 dBmat 18 GHz-28 dBmat 26.5 Gz1-87HP 8510 - General InformationTable1-12. Specifications for HP 8510withHP 8515ATest Set (Cont'd)Graphics Data of SystemDynamic Accuracy Error: Magnitude and phase measure-ment dynamic accuracy versus signal level is due to the combination of the indi- vidual specified factors listed in the previous paragraphs. These measurable factorsare combined byvector error analysis using the worst-case method. This combina-tion is shown on the following page in two graphs of data, one graph for magniudemeasurement uncertainty and one for magnitude phase uncertainty.Worst-caseMagnitudeDynamicAccuracy ErrorMeasurement Level (dBfromRef).0110 REf -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -713 -80 -90.5.2-.::-'".1'"

.02oo .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .98GHz18GHz26.5GHz ReflectionCoefficient1-94HP 8510 - General InformationTable1-12. Specifications for l/P8510withHP 85/5ATest Set (Cont'd)8 GHz18GHz26.5GHz I\\\,\\I:\\>.............."-,u _u___u_u , u_ ,oo .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9510152520Total Reflection PhaseUncertaintywith3.5mmConnectorsReflectionCoefficientGROUPDELAYCHARACTERISTICSAperture:MinimumAperture (Hz) = Frequency Span (Hz)/(No. of Points - 1) MaximumAperture (Hz) = 20%of Frequency Span (Hz)Range:The maximumdelay is limited to measuring no more than 180 degrees of phasechangewithin the minimumaperture.R 180deg =! x No. of Points - Iange= 360 x (MinimumAperture) 2 Frequency Span (Hz)EXAMPLE: Frequency Span =40 MHzNumber of Points= 201MinimumAperture = 200 kHzRange = 2.5 us1-95HP 8510 - General InformationTable 1-12. Specifications for UP 85/0withHP 8515ATest Set (Conf'd)Group Delay IIigh-Level Noise: Con tinuous measurement of a through connection displays RMSnoise as follows:+ Noise =0.004 x Nh(the high-level phase noise)Aperture (Hz)1.41 x Delay (sec) xResidual FM(10 kHz BW, Hz)Aperture (Hz)IAccuracy:Delay accuracy is a function of the uncertainty of the phase change and thefrequency linearity. The following formula can be used to determine the accura-cy, in seconds, of aspecific groupdelay measurement:Accuracy = 0.003x Phase Accuracy (degrees)16 ~Aperture (Hz)[Delay (sec)] x [linearity (Hz)]Aperture (Hz)EXAMPLE: Given is a system with an HP 8340A sweeper operating in steppedsweep mode with 101 points per sweep over a 50 MHz span. The device has 50ns of delay and very littleamplitude change over the passband. In this case, theHP 8340Alinearity is 4Hz (resolution).Accuracy=0.003 x [0.02 deg] + [SOns] x [4Hz]50MHz!100points16a)Accuracy =0.12 nsPhase accuracy can be any of the following types:Incremental Phase Accuracy (Phase vs. Phase) for narrow band applicationswhere very small changes in amplitude occur (page 1-87).b) Worst-Case Phase Dynamic Accuracy for narrow band applications where sig-nificant amplitUde changes occur (page 1-88).c) Total Transmission PhaseUncertainty(Etpl for the general case (page 1-92 for7mmEtpand 1-94 for 3.5mmEtp)'1-96HP 8510 - General InformationTable 1-13. Specifications for the HP 8510/83508with theHP 8512A, 8513A, 8514A, or 8515A test set.The S-parameter verification limits are specified for the HP 8510/85308 systemwhen the following HP 85051A (7mm) or HP 85053A (3.5mm)verification devices are used:VERIFICATIONDEVICE Sl1/S22 Sl1/S22 S21/S12 S21/S12magnitude phase magnitude phase20 dBattenuator x x40/50 dBattenuator x xBeadless Airline x xBeadless Airline/Short x x.NOTE: The beadless airline/short referred to in the chart above isthe beadless airline verification device terminated with the shortcircuit cal ibration device. It is used to verify reflection mea-surements (SII/S22) .The uncertaintylimits listed in the verification kit printout (sup-pI ied with each verification kit) are for HP 8510/8340Asystems instep mode. The HP 8510/8350Bsystemuncertainty limits (specifica-tions) are calculated from the uncertainty limits listed in eachprintout as follows:MagnitudeSpecifications:I. The 20 dB Attenuator, the 40/50 dB Attenuator, and theBeadless Airline: The transmission magnitude uncertaintyspecifications are same as the transmission (S21 and S12)uncertaintylimits listed in the verification kit printout.2. The Beadless Airline/Short Combination: For each frequen-cy, add the magnitude addition number fromthe table belowto the airline transmission (521 or 512) magnitude uncer-taintydata listed in the verification kit printout. Then,multiply the result by the magnitude multiplication numberfromthe table below. Do this for all frequencies withinthe frequency range of your HP 8350Bplug-in andyour testset.1-97HP 8510 - General 1nformat ionTable 1-13. Specifications for the HP 8510/83508with theHP 8512A, 8513A, 8514A, or 8515Atest set. (Cont'd.)Phase Specifications:1. The 20 dBAttenuator, the40/50 dBAttenuator, and theBeadless Airline: Add the phase value fromthe table belowto the phase uncertaintydata listed in the verificationkit printout. Do this for all frequencies within thefrequency range of your HP 8350Bplug-in andyour test set.2. The Beadless Airline/Short Combination: Add the phasevalue fromthe table belowto the airline phase uncertaintydata listed in the verification kit printout. Do this forall frequencies within the frequency range of your HP 8350Bplug-in andyour test set.TEST SET ATTENUATORS AIRLINE AIRLINE/SHORT20 dB 40/50 dB PHASE MAGNITUDE.(deg) (deg) (deg) (deg) Add MultiplyHP 8512A 5 5 6 12 .2 1.3HP 8513A 7mm 5 5 6 12 .2 1.33.5 mm 2 5 5 10 .65 1.0HP 8514A 5 6 6 14 .2 1.3HP 8515A 7mm 5 7 6 14 .2 1.33.5 mm 3 15 5 14 .65 1.01-98INSTALLATIONMANUALHP8510NETWORKANALYZERr / i ~ HEWLETT~ e . PACKARDCERTIFICATIONHewlett-Packard Company certifies thatthis product met its published specifications at the time ofshipment fromthe factory. Hewlett-Packard furthercertifies that its calibrationmeasurements aretraceable to theUnited States National Bureau ofStandards. to the extent allowed by the Bureau'scalibration facility, and tothe calibration facilities of other International StandardsOrganizationmembers.WARRANTYThisHewlett-Packardinstrumentproduct iswarrantedagainstdefectsinmaterialandworkmanshipforaperiodofone year fromdate ofshipment. Duringthe warranty period, Hewlett-PackardCompany will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP. Buyer shallprepay shipping charges to HP and HP shallpay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However,Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HP from another country.HP warrantsthat itssoftware andfirmwaredesignatedbyHPforusewithaninstrumentwillexecuteitsprogramming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. HP does not warrant that the operationof the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.LIMITATION OF WARRANTYTheforegoingwarrantyshall notapplyto defectsresultingfromimproper orinadequatemaintenancebyBuyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of theenvironmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.NOOTHERWARRANTYIS EXPRESSEDORIMPLIED. HPSPECIFICALLYDISCLAIMSTHEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.EXCLUSIVE REMEDIESTHE REMEDIES PROVIDEDHEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALLNOTBELIABLEFORANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,ORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.ASSISTANCEProduct maintenance agreements andother customer assistance agreements are availablefor Hewlett-Packardproducts.For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-PackardSales andService Office. Addresses areprovidedat theback ofthis manual.I18510- InstallationI. Cut thewrappingbands onthecrate.Snap offthereta iningclips onthe sides ofthecrate.Removethe cardboardcover.2. Take out theramp. The cardboardspacer belowit canbediscarded,ascanthe plasticfoamaroundtherack.3. At therearoftherack, removethewoodenspacer at thebottom.Slidetheramp over the short rearpanel at thebottom.4. Roll therackcarefully downtheramp.Figure2-2. UllcratillgtheH P85043A S)'s/el11Rack2 - 9HP8510 -InstallationINSTRUMENTINSTALLATION:RACK-MOUNTEDCONFIGURATIONSInstructionsfor assemblingtheHP85043Asystemrackappearinthe systemrackmanual shipped in the accessories box inside the rack. In addition to the rackitself, Hewlett-Packard offers the HP92170G work station table and the HP92209Cergonomicchair as recommended work-Sl4 3 Straight SEVIOI1.l959 79 Gray SwitzerlandC ~24507. Type12aE250V 8120-0698 6 Straight NEMA6-15P United States. CanadaDO220V 8120-1957 2 Straight DHCK107 79 Gray DenmarkU8120-2956 3 90 79 Grayo aN L250V 8120-1860 6 Straight CEE22-VI[EO Q](System Cabinet Use)I. E = Earth Ground: L = Line: N= Neutral2. Part number shown for plug is industry identifier for plug only. Number shown raTeable is HP Part Number forcomplctc cableincluding plug.l. The Check Digit(CD) is a coded digit that represents the specific combination of numbers used in the HP Part Number. It shouldbe supplied withthe H PPart Number when ordering any of the power assemblies listed above. to expedite speedy delivery.2- 22HP8510 -_HP-IIJADDHESSESBeforeinterconncctingthc HI' 8510systcm, vcrifythat the HP-IBaddresssetlingfor eachinstrument (and peripheral. if used) is as givcn in Table 2-10. The HP8510systembus expccts the HP-IBaddrcsscsof thcsourcc. tcst sct. printcr, andplotlcrtobcasgivcninTable2-10. These arethe standardaddresses.Tuh!e2-/11. 5{ul/(/u/'(/ If P85/(/5\'s{el/ll3l1sAdd/'e,l'sesSourccAddressTest Set Add ressPrinterAddressPlotlerAddress8510HP-I[j AddrcssSystemBusAddressPass ThruAddressCHECKINGHP-IBADDI{ESS SE'ITINGS19200105161731When the HP8510systcmis running. it is pussible tocheck the address of anyinstrument. the8510 HP-IUaddress, thesystembus address, or the pass lhruad-dress by pressing the frol1l-panel key labeled LOCALor the SYSTEMMENUkey. Then press. the softkey labeled HP-IBADDI{ESSESto bringthe AddressMenuontotheCRT. Thcn press thesoft keycorrespondingtothe instrument orbusdesired. Itsaddresswill appeat: intheactivefunctionareaoftheCRT.Tochange this address. enter the newaddress desired using the ENTHVblockkeys,. following it by x I. For the source, test set, plotler, or printer the addressbecomes effectivethenext timethe I-IP8510addressestheinstrument.SEn-INGHP-IB HI' 8510-Inswllation, 0 Al A2 A3 A4 AS OL-1 2 4 8 16I I I I I-.--- ----Consult the individual OperatingandService l11anuals I'or inl'ormationon check-ingandsettingthe 1-11'-113addresses orthesource. primer. and plotter that will beused.Figure 2-8showshowtocheckandset theaddress or 1-11' 8511 A-HI' 8515Atestsets. Intheexampleshown. thetest set address isset correctlyto20. Tlieaddressis read in binary. with the l110st signirie'lntdigit 011 the right. Thus the addressshown. in binary. is -10100. which corresponds to a decimal address or 20. Tochange the address. set the riveswitches either on(I) or orr (0) to produce thedesiredaddressin binary. 'Figurl' 2-8, Sl'IIing(!Il' Tl',l( Se( liP-Ill .-1 dtlrl'ss/2 -24HP8510-InstallationELEcnHCALINTERCONNECnONSThecables listed inTable2-11 arc required for electrical interconnectionof theinstruments in the HI' 8510system. Theyareshipped in theaccessories box forthe HP8510lAdisplay/processor and in the accessories box shipped with eachtest set.In bench installations, the ac power cord listed. HP Part Number 8120-1348, isstandard for the UnitedStatesandCanada. Twosuchcordsaresupplied in theI-I I' 8510 accessories box a nd one in each test set accessories box. Different acpower cordsmayberequiredinother locations andarelistedinT;tble2-9.In rack-mounted installations, instrument ac power connections are made insidethe I-IP85043Asystemrack cabinet. The instruments areconnected directly tothe power strip inside the cabinet, usingthe 3-conductor grounded power cordssupplied withthesystemrack. These power cordscanandshould beused with-out modification--forall aclinevoltagesandnomatter what type of3-conductorgrounded power plug is used for the externa Iac power connection. Use thesecablesinstead ofthepowercordssuppliedwiththeinstruments.The Type N (male)-to-SMA (male) adapter, HP Part Number 1250-1894, isshipped witheachtest set but is neededonlyif thesourceused is the HP8341 Asynthesizedsweeper ortheI-IP83501J sweeposcillator.Tah!e2-11. Rel/uired CablesDESCRIPTION QUANTITY HI' PARTNUMBERACPower Cord 3 8120-1348IJNCCables. 0.9metre(3feet) 2 8120-2582I-IP-IIJCables, I metre(3.3feet) 2 8120-3445Model 10833AIF/Displa yInterconnect I 08510-60 I0 ICa bleAssemblyTestSet/IFDisplay I 08510-60 I02Interconnect CableAssemblyHardlinePort Extension 2 08512-20019Cables (short)I-1a rdlinePort Extension 2 08512-20013Ca bles (long)TypeN(Male)-to- I 1250-1894SMA(Male)AdapterFlexible SourceCa ble I 0851 3-600092 - 25HP8510 -InstallationHARDLINEPORTEXTENSIONCABLESHardline port extensioncablesare used to balance the referenceandtest signalpath lengths. They are connected on the test set rear panel, at J2 and J3 forExtensionA, atJ4andJ 5 for ExtensionB.A' 3:S1ll1ntorque'wrench(5jI6-inch;' open end) set t08 in-Ibisrequired;- This-wrench is available as HP Part Number 1250-1863 and is included in the HP85052A3.5III III calibrationkit unlessdeletedbycalibrationkit Option020.Whichhardlinecabletouse(short orlong) dependsonthetest set andonthetestport returncablesthat will be used inactual measurements. These requirementsarediscussedinthenext threeparagraphs.Reflection/TransmissionTest Sets: HP8S12A, liP8S13A. Thestandardtestsetupfor thesetest sets useseitheranHP85 132AoranHP85131 Acableanda20dBor 10dBatlenU SWI' to HP85102A: SOURCEIN/OUT STOP SWEEP(above8410B/C interface connection) (belowandright offan)Cable - BNC, HP8120-25823. ConnectHP 8340A/4 I A: SWEEP to HP85102A: SOURCEOUTPUT SWEEPIN 0-10V(abovepowerlinemodule) (right offan)Cable - BNC, HP8120-25824. ConnectTest Set:J 128510SYSTEM to HP85101A: 8510BUS connector INTERCONNECf(below8510 SYSTEMBUSADDRESS switch) (ncar andleft offan)Cable - HP-IB, HP8120-3445(Model 10833A)5. ConnectHP8340A/41A: HP-IB to Test Set:J I 285 I 0connector SYSTEMBUS connector(right offan) (belowSYSTEMBUSADDRESS switch)Cable - HP-IB, HI'8120-3445(rvlodel 10833A)cOl1lill1{{'l! -+2- 28/jHP 85\ 0- Insta \IalionFigur' 2-ASS) soft keywillchangetheSTOPfrequencytothai minimumvalue. Forexample, if NumberofPoints =201, START=100 MHz, and STOP=6.00 GHz, then pressingSETFREQ. (LOWPASS) will change START to 45MHz andSTOPto9.045 GHz(=STARTx 20 I). Becauseoftheserestrictionsonthefrequencyrange ofthemea-suremelll, the LowPass mode is most useful for measuring lowpass broad banddevices.AnalyzingLoll' Pass ReflectionsAs mentioned, Ihe LowPass modegives the TDRresponseof the device undertest. This responsecontainsinformation that is useful indeterminingthetypeofdiscontinuitypresent. Beforemakingactual measurementsintheLowPassmode,it is helrful to reviewthe LowPass responses of known discontinuities. Eachcircuit element of Figure80 wassimulated toshowthecorrespondingLowPassTime Domain SII response waveform. The Low Pass mode will give theresponseof thedevicetoeither a Stepor an Impulsestimulus. (Mathematically,theLowPassImpulsestimulus isthederivative oftheStep stimulus.)These Time Domain responses were generated using the Circuit Modeling Pro-gramwhich is suppliedwiththe Time Domainoption(describedat theendoftheTimeDomainsection).TimeDomainMeasurements 259Ol,cratingandProgramming I-II'8510NetworkAnalyzer_ELEMENTLOWI'ASSHEFLECTIONS(HEALFOHi\'IAT)STEP RESPONSE IMPULSERESPONSEOPENSHORTRESISTORR> ZoRESISTORR< Zo~ ~ /UNITYREFLECTION\ ~ - -UNITYREFLECTION. -180-- - - ~ /POSITWE LEVELSHIFT,'----NEGATWELEVELSHIFT__---J!\'-__UNITYREFLECTIONvUNITYREFLECTION, -180POSITWEPEAKvNEGATWEPEAKFigllr(' SO_ Loll' I'ussS/CI'