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Year 12 What you should Year 12 What you should know alreadyknow already

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Elements and symbols Elements and symbols that you should know:that you should know:

Part 1 – The obvious ones:

1) Hydrogen

2) Helium

3) Lithium

4) Beryllium

5) Boron

6) Carbon

7) Nitrogen

8) Oxygen

9) Fluorine

10)Neon

11)Magnesium

12)Aluminium

13)Silicon

14)Phosphorus

H

He

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

Mg

Al

Si

P

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Some more obvious ones:15)Sulphur

16)Chlorine

17)Argon

18) Calcium

19) Zinc

The less obvious ones:1) Sodium

2) Potassium

3) Iron

4) Copper

5) Silver

6) Tin

7) Gold

8) Mercury

9) Lead

S

Cl

Ar

Ca

Zn

Na

K

Fe

Cu

Ag

Sn

Au

Hg

Pb

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What is an ion?What is an ion?• An anion is an atom that has gained

electron(s) to form a (-) ion e.g Cl- (Chloride)

S2- (Sulfide) or a cation is an atom that has lost

electron(s) to form a (+) ion e.g Na+ (Sodium)

Fe2+ (iron (ll) ion) (aka Ferric ion) Fe3+ (iron(lll) ion ) (Ferrous)

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The formula for Ions The formula for Ions that you should know:that you should know:

Write the ion or name beside the following1) Hydrogen ion

2) Carbonate

3) Lithium ion

4) Magnesium ion

5) Oxide

6) Sulphate

7) Sodium ion

8) Iron (ll) ion

8) OH -

9) S 2-

10) Cl -

11)NO3 -

12)Al 3+

13) Pb 2+

14) Ca 2+

15)Fe 3+

H +

CO32-

Li +

Mg 2+

0 2-

SO42-

Na +

Fe 2+

Hydroxide ion

Sulphide ion

Chloride ion

Nitrate ion

Aluminium ion

Lead ion

Calcium ion

Iron (lll)

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Atoms and elements

A substance made of one type of atom is called an element

e.g. a piece of Aluminium (symbol Al) consists of only aluminium atoms bonded together and is called an element.

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MoleculesMolecules

• Some elements are unstable as single atoms and only exist as 2 atoms bonded together to form a molecule.

These are usually gases

e.g H2 , N2, Cl2, O2

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Compounds and MoleculesCompounds and Molecules

Some compounds are molecules that contain 2 or more different atoms covalently bonded together. Some common molecular compounds are:

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

H2O (water)

CH4 (methane)

C6H12 O6 (glucose)

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Naming compoundsNaming compoundsRule – If two identical elements combine then the

name doesn’t change

Name the following elements

1) H2

2) N2

3) O2

4) F2

5) Cl2

6) Br2

These elements always go around in pairs (diatomic molecules). For example, hydrogen looks like this:

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

chlorine

flourine

bromine

10/04/23Some simple Some simple compounds…compounds…

Methane, CH4 Water, H2O

Carbon dioxide, CO2

Ethyne, C2H2Sulphuric

acid, H2SO4

Key

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

Sulphur

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Simple formulae to learnSimple formulae to learn

H2O

CO2

NH3

H2

O2

N2

SO2

Water

Carbon dioxide

Ammonia

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Sulphur dioxide

NaCl

CaCl2

MgO

HCl

H2SO4

HNO3

NaOH

Ca(OH)2

CaCO3

Al2O3

Fe2O3

Sodium chloride

Calcium chloride

Magnesium oxide

Hydrochloric acid

Sulphuric acid

Nitric acid

Sodium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Calcium carbonate

Aluminium oxide

Iron oxide

FormulaeFormulae• What do the numbers mean in:

–H2SO4

–Mg(OH)2

–3 NH3

• How many atoms of each type are there in:

–H3PO4

–Al2(CO3)3

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Balancing Reactions Balancing Reactions

Mg + O2

Zn + HCl

Fe + Cl2

NaOH + HCl

CH4 + O2

Ca + H2O

NaOH + H2SO4

CH3OH + O2

MgO

ZnCl2 + H2

FeCl3

NaCl + H2O

CO2 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + H2

Na2SO4 + H2O

CO2 + H2O

2

2

2 3

2

2

2

2 3

2

2

2

2

2 4

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How could you produce CO2 in the lab?

Add calcium carbonate to some acid eg HCl or H2SO4

How would you test for the CO2 gas?

By bubbling it through limewater ( a solution of Ca(OH)2 ) and observing the solution go milky.

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How could you produce H2 in the lab?

Add Mg to some acid eg HCl or H2SO4

How would you test for the gas?

By igniting the gas using the pop test.

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How could you produce O2 in the lab?

manganese dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in a test tube produces oxygen gas

How would you test for the O2 gas?

By placing a glowing splint into the tube and seeing if it would relight