08 Effects of Heat_Tan

7/23/2019 08 Effects of Heat_Tan

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The presentation slides contain herein are proprietary to the St. John

Ambulance, Singapore and are for use only in the FIRST AID training courses

conducted by St. John. Reproduction in any form prohibited. NT FR SA!"

"FF"#TS F $"AT

St. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION SINGAPORE FIRST AID TEACHING SLIDES Compiled by T. !. !HOO "#$%$&


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T$" S%INT$" S%IN

The s&in protects the body from in'ury and infectionThe s&in protects the body from in'ury and infection

and maintains the body temperature. It consists of anand maintains the body temperature. It consists of anouter layer (epidermis) and an inner layer (dermis),outer layer (epidermis) and an inner layer (dermis),lying on a layer of fatty tissue. *ost of the structureslying on a layer of fatty tissue. *ost of the structuressuch as blood +essels, ner+es and hairsuch as blood +essels, ner+es and hairroots are contained ithin the dermis.roots are contained ithin the dermis.

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Assessing a -urnAssessing a -urn

SJAA Efects o Heat

#ircumstances of occurrences.#ircumstances of occurrences.

hether airay is affected.hether airay is affected."/tent, location, depth."/tent, location, depth.


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-0RNS 1 T23"S F -0RN-0RNS 1 T23"S F -0RN

Type of -urnT

ype of -urn

3SJAA Efects o Heat

#auses#auses

Dry burn

Scald#hemical burn

"lectrical burn

Radiation

Flames, hot ob'ects, friction

Steam, hot li4uids

#hemicals

"lectric current, lightning

Sunburn, 05 light, 61rays,7amma rays

#old in'ury Frostbite, free8ing metals,li4uefied gases


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-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS

-urns are classified according-urns are classified according

to the depth of s&in damaged.to the depth of s&in damaged.

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Superficial burnSuperficial burn(First Degree)(First Degree)

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In+ol+es only theIn+ol+es only theoutermost layer ofoutermost layer ofs&in, the epidermis s&in, the epidermis

RednessRedness

SellingSelling

TendernessTenderness


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-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS cont9dcont9d

3artial1thic&ness burn3artial1thic&ness burn(Second Degree)(Second Degree)

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Affects the epidermisAffects the epidermisand are +ery painful.and are +ery painful.

Red and ra.Red and ra.-listers due to fluid released-listers due to fluid releasedfrom damaged tissuesfrom damaged tissuesbeneathbeneath

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-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS-0RNS 1 D"3T$ F -0RNS cont9dcont9d

Full1thic&ness burnFull1thic&ness burn(Third Degree)(Third Degree)

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All layers of the s&inAll layers of the s&inare affected.are affected.

Damage to ner+es, fatDamage to ner+es, fattissue, muscles andtissue, muscles andblood +essels.blood +essels.

3ale, a/y or charred.3ale, a/y or charred.

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-0RNS 1-0RNS 1

-urns That Need $ospital Treatment-urns That Need $ospital Treatment

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All full1thic&ness burns.All full1thic&ness burns.All burns in+ol+ing the face, hands, feet orAll burns in+ol+ing the face, hands, feet orgenital area.genital area.

All burns e/tending round an arm or leg.All burns e/tending round an arm or leg.

All partial1thic&ness burns larger than :;All partial1thic&ness burns larger than :;of body surface (si8e of casualty9s palmof body surface (si8e of casualty9s palmand fingers).and fingers).

All superficial burns larger thanAll superficial burns larger than


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S"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DSS"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DS

TreatmentTreatment

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Flood the burn ith plenty of cold aterFlood the burn ith plenty of cold aterfor at least := min. or until pain isfor at least := min. or until pain isrelie+ed.relie+ed. Do not o+ercoolDo not o+ercool..

#all >>< for ambulance.#all >>< for ambulance.

Do not touch or interfere ith the burn.Do not touch or interfere ith the burn.Remo+e rings, atches, belts, shoesRemo+e rings, atches, belts, shoesburnt?smouldering clothingburnt?smouldering clothingbefore selling starts.before selling starts.

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S"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DSS"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DS cont9dcont9d

TreatmentTreatment

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#o+er burn area ith plastic film#o+er burn area ith plastic film(preferably) or sterile dressing.(preferably) or sterile dressing.

Secure ith a bandage or adhesi+e tapeSecure ith a bandage or adhesi+e tapeapplied o+er the plastic.applied o+er the plastic.

Reassure casualty and treat for shoc& ifReassure casualty and treat for shoc& ifneeded.needed.

*onitor +ital signs.*onitor +ital signs.

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S"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DSS"5"R" -0RNS AND S#A!DS cont9dcont9d

3recautions3recautions

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Do not remo+e anythingDo not remo+e anythingstic&ing to the burn.stic&ing to the burn.

Do not burst any blisters.Do not burst any blisters.

Do not apply any ointmentDo not apply any ointment

or lotion to the burnt areaor lotion to the burnt areaDo not use adhesi+eDo not use adhesi+edressing or tape to the s&in.dressing or tape to the s&in.

Do not co+er a burn on the face.Do not co+er a burn on the face.

Do not allo a casualty to eat or drin&.Do not allo a casualty to eat or drin&.

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0se of specialised dressings, sprays and gels0se of specialised dressings, sprays and gelsto cool burns is not recommended.to cool burns is not recommended.


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*INR -0RNS AND S#A!DS*INR -0RNS AND S#A!DS cont9dcont9d

TreatmentTreatment

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Flood the burn ith cold ater for at leastFlood the burn ith cold ater for at least:= min. or until pain is relie+ed.:= min. or until pain is relie+ed.

Remo+e 'eellery, belt, atches orRemo+e 'eellery, belt, atches orconstricting clothing from burnt area.constricting clothing from burnt area.

#o+er the burn ith plastic film or sterile#o+er the burn ith plastic film or steriledressing and bandage loosely.dressing and bandage loosely.

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Do not@Do not@brea& blisters usebrea& blisters useadhesi+e tape applyadhesi+e tape applyointments or fats.ointments or fats.


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-0RNS T T$" AIRA2-0RNS T T$" AIRA2

RecognitionRecognition

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Soot around the nose or mouth.Soot around the nose or mouth.Singeing of nasal hair.Singeing of nasal hair.

Redness, selling or burning of theRedness, selling or burning of thetongue.tongue.

Damage to s&in around the mouth.Damage to s&in around the mouth.

$oarseness of +oice.$oarseness of +oice.

-reathing difficulties.-reathing difficulties.

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-0RNS T T$" AIRA2-0RNS T T$" AIRA2

TreatmentTreatment

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#all >>< for ambulance.#all >>< for ambulance.Impro+e casualty9s air supply, e.g.Impro+e casualty9s air supply, e.g.loosen clothing round the nec&.loosen clothing round the nec&.

7i+e him ice or cold ater to sip.7i+e him ice or cold ater to sip.

Reassure him.Reassure him.

*onitor his +ital signs.*onitor his +ital signs.

If he becomes unconsciousIf he becomes unconscious

do the BA-#9 chec& anddo the BA-#9 chec& andperform #3R if needed.perform #3R if needed.

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"!"#TRI#A! -0RN"!"#TRI#A! -0RN


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#asualty may be unconscious.#asualty may be unconscious.Full1thic&ness burns ith selling,Full1thic&ness burns ith selling,scorching and charring.scorching and charring.

-urns at current e/it and entry points.-urns at current e/it and entry points.

Signs of shoc&.Signs of shoc&.

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"!"#TRI#A! -0RN"!"#TRI#A! -0RN cont9dcont9d

TreatmentTreatment

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"nsure casualty9s contact ith electrical"nsure casualty9s contact ith electricalsource is bro&en before touching him.source is bro&en before touching him.

If unconscious, do BA-#9 chec& andIf unconscious, do BA-#9 chec& andperform #3R if needed.perform #3R if needed.

#all >>< for ambulance#all >>< for ambulance

For the burns treat as inFor the burns treat as inCCSevere Burns and ScaldsSevere Burns and Scalds..

Treat for shoc&.Treat for shoc&.

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#$"*I#A! -0RN#$"*I#A! -0RN


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"+idence of chemicals in the +icinity."+idence of chemicals in the +icinity.Intense, stinging pain.Intense, stinging pain.

Discoloration, blistering, peeling.Discoloration, blistering, peeling.

Selling of affected area.Selling of affected area.

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Do not attempt toDo not attempt toneutralise acid orneutralise acid oral&ali burns unlessal&ali burns unlesstrained to do so.trained to do so.


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#$"*I#A! -0RN#$"*I#A! -0RN

TreatmentTreatment

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5entilate the area.5entilate the area.3ut on protecti+e e4uipment.3ut on protecti+e e4uipment.

*o+e the casualty if needed.*o+e the casualty if needed.

Flood the burn ith ater for at least E= min.Flood the burn ith ater for at least E= min.

Remo+e contaminated clothing.Remo+e contaminated clothing.

*onitor +ital signs.*onitor +ital signs.

Send casualty to hospital.Send casualty to hospital.

If chemical is identifiedIf chemical is identifiedcon+ey information tocon+ey information tohospital.hospital.

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#$"*I#A! -0RN T T$" "2"#$"*I#A! -0RN T T$" "2"


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Inability to open the eye intense pain.Inability to open the eye intense pain.Redness, selling around the eye.Redness, selling around the eye.

atering of the eye.atering of the eye.

SJAA Efects o Heat

TreatmentTreatmentIrrigate the eye ith runningIrrigate the eye ith runningcold ater for at least := min.cold ater for at least := min.

"nsure contaminated ater"nsure contaminated ater

does not splash unin'ured eye.does not splash unin'ured eye.As& casualty to hold a pad o+erAs& casualty to hold a pad o+erthe eye or bandage it.the eye or bandage it.

Send him to hospital.Send him to hospital.


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F!AS$ -0RN T T$" "2"F!AS$ -0RN T T$" "2"


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Intense pain.Intense pain.7ritty feeling in the eye(s)7ritty feeling in the eye(s)

Redness, atering,Redness, atering,sensiti+ity to light.sensiti+ity to light.

SJAA Efects o Heat

TreatmentTreatment

#o+er each in'ured eye ith#o+er each in'ured eye itheye pad.eye pad.

As& casualty to hold orAs& casualty to hold orbandage in place.bandage in place.

Do not remo+e contact lenses.Do not remo+e contact lenses.

Send him to hospital.Send him to hospital.


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S0N-0RNS0N-0RN


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Reddened s&in.Reddened s&in.3ain in burnt area.3ain in burnt area.

-listering of affected s&in later.-listering of affected s&in later.

SJAA Efects o Heat

TreatmentTreatment

*o+e casualty out of the sun.*o+e casualty out of the sun.

7i+e fre4uent sips of cold ater.7i+e fre4uent sips of cold ater.

#ool affected area ith cold ater or for#ool affected area ith cold ater or for

e/tensi+e area soa& in cold bath for := min.e/tensi+e area soa& in cold bath for := min.#alamine or after1sun lotion may be applied.#alamine or after1sun lotion may be applied.

If sunburn is se+ere, see& medical ad+ice.If sunburn is se+ere, see& medical ad+ice.


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$"AT "6$A0STIN$"AT "6$A0STIN

This is caused by loss of salt and ater fromThis is caused by loss of salt and ater from

the body through e/cessi+e seating andthe body through e/cessi+e seating andusually de+elops gradually.usually de+elops gradually.

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SJAA Efects o Heat

$eadache, di88iness, confusion.$eadache, di88iness, confusion.

!oss of appetite, nausea.!oss of appetite, nausea.

Seating pale, clammy s&in.Seating pale, clammy s&in.

#ramps in arms, legs, or abdomen.#ramps in arms, legs, or abdomen.

Rapid, ea&ening pulse and breathing.Rapid, ea&ening pulse and breathing.


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$"AT "6$A0STIN$"AT "6$A0STIN cont9dcont9d

TreatmentTreatment

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7et casualty to lie don ith legs raised, in7et casualty to lie don ith legs raised, ina cool, shady place .a cool, shady place .

7i+e him plenty of ater to drin& (oral7i+e him plenty of ater to drin& (oralrehydration salts or isotonic drin&s, ifrehydration salts or isotonic drin&s, if

a+ailable).a+ailable).*onitor +ital signs.*onitor +ital signs.

If condition orsensIf condition orsenscall >>< for ambulance.call >>< for ambulance.

therise ad+ise himtherise ad+ise himto see& medical help.to see& medical help.

SJAA Efects o Heat


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$"ATSTR%"$"ATSTR%"

This is caused by failure of the Bthermostat9 inThis is caused by failure of the Bthermostat9 in

the brain, due to high fe+er, prolongedthe brain, due to high fe+er, prolongede/posure to heat, use of drugs or folloing heate/posure to heat, use of drugs or folloing heate/haustion hen seating ceases. The bodye/haustion hen seating ceases. The bodybecomes dangerously o+erheated.becomes dangerously o+erheated.

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SJAA Efects o Heat

$eadache, di88iness, discomfort,$eadache, di88iness, discomfort,restlessness, confusion.restlessness, confusion.

$ot, flushed, dry s&in body$ot, flushed, dry s&in bodytemperature G= deg #.temperature G= deg #.

Rapid orsening of le+el ofRapid orsening of le+el ofresponse.response.

Full, bounding pulse.Full, bounding pulse.


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$"ATSTR%"$"ATSTR%" cont9dcont9d

TreatmentTreatment

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*o+e casualty to a cool*o+e casualty to a coolplace help him sit don.place help him sit don.

#all >>< for ambulance.#all >>< for ambulance.

Remo+e outer clothing.Remo+e outer clothing.

rap him in a cold, et sheet.rap him in a cold, et sheet.

#ontinually pour cold ater to &eep the#ontinually pour cold ater to &eep thesheet et until temperature drops to Hsheet et until temperature drops to Hdeg # under the tongue replace sheetdeg # under the tongue replace sheetith a dry one.ith a dry one.

*onitor +ital signs if temperature rises*onitor +ital signs if temperature risesagain, repeat cooling.again, repeat cooling.

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08 Effects of Heat_Tan