Nomen______________________

Cambridge Latin I Stage 07

Work book

omnibus workbook and activity masters

What do you see in the picture? First study the picture and then circle the names of all the objects and persons that are pictured, either whole or in part.

amicus leo

Caecilius turba

cibus mensa

cubiculum poculum

hortus cena

lectus triclinium

barba canis

f abula mirabilis Look at the picture. Your teacher will read five sentences about it. As you hear each sentence, write its letter in the correct box.

44

- TheWasp Translate the sentences below into English.

1 dorninus vesparn audivit. vesparn tirnebat.

2 dorninus servurn conspexit. servurn vocavit.

3 servus vesparn agitabat. vesparn pulsavit.

4 vespa irata erat. servurn vulneravit.

5 servus clarnabat. vesparn vituperavit.

6 ancilla clarnorern audivit. vesparn necavit et servurn servavit.

vesparn a wasp vulneravit wounded

45

- Night Horror In the story below, there are many words which come almost directly from Latin. Pick out these words and write them beside the Latin ones below.

In an agricultural area of Italy, it was a cold, dark night and the moon was obscured by clouds. All the nocturnal animals were awake and made such a noise that they were driving the local inhabitants insane. Suddenly there came a terrifying howl, which filled everyone with horror. One solitary man was brave enough to venture out cautiously into the now deserted outskirts of the village. He feared that he might be in mortal danger, but knew his quest was vital. As the bushes rustled, his pulse beat even faster. Would a terrible apparition rise up in front of him? He felt something brush against his leg - only to realize that the source of his terror was nothing more horrible than a black cat on the prowl.

Latin word Word in the story Latin word Word in the story

apparet obsciirus

terret vita

caute agricola

mortuus nox, noctem

s6lus horribilis

desertus habitat

pulsat ins anus

- Find the roots. Circle the word which does not come from the same root as the others.

1 lacrimal lacerate lachrymose lacrimation

2 annihilate nihilism nibble nil annihilation

3 parachute rampart partial separate

4 deter intern terrorism terrific

5 adumbrate umbrage somber ember

46

Present or Past? In each Latin sentence, circle the word in the parentheses which correctly translates the English word or words in boldface. Then mark the box which indicates whether the sentence is in present or past time.

1 Grumio is preparing the dinner. Grumio cenam (paravit I parat).

2 The spectators departed. spectatores (discesserunt I discedunt).

3 The thief heads for the bedroom. fiir cubiculum (petit I petivit).

4 Melissa praised the actor. Melissa actorem (laudat I laudavit).

5 The dogs frightened the boy. canes puerum (terruerunt I terrent).

6 The old men heard the racket. senes clamorem (audiverunt I audiunt).

7 The slaves caught sight of Decens. servi Decentem (conspidunt I conspexerunt).

8 Grumio and Clemens found fault with Melissa. Grumio et Clemens Melissam (vituperant I vituperaverunt).

9 The guests said, "Goodbye." hospites "vale" (dixerunt I dicunt).

10 The poet is walking in the garden. poeta in horto (ambulat I ambulavit).

Present Past

D

47

Food for Ghosts Find the English names of two items which were left beside tombs for the ghosts of the dead.

First, fill in each set of blanks with the English which correctly translates the Latin. Then write the numbered letters in the order of their numbers in the spaces provided.

One offering of food:

4 cenavit =he ____ _

1 infans =the

lacrimat = he

3 conspicit = he __

intellexit = he

1 2 3 4 5

Answer:

48

5

2

Another offering:

3 nihil =

2 necavit = he __ _

4 parat =he ___ _

1 tam en

1 2 3 4

Answer:

verum aut falsum: Dead or Alive?

Study this picture of Roman tombs. Put V (verum) or F (falsum) by the statements below.

1 Look at A. Some tombs looked like small houses. 2 Look at B. Tombs like this one would belong to someone

very poor. 3 Look at C. These tombs lined a road running through the

center of town. 4 Look at D. Sometimes tombs and monuments like this were

inscribed with messages or greetings to anyone who passed by. 5 Some Romans believed that the dead liked to have their

possessions with them in the tomb. 6 Some families used to hold banquets each year at the tomb

to remember the dead relative. 7 All Romans took the stories about the underworld very

seriously. 8 Some Romans agreed with Epicurus that you should enjoy

this life fully because there was no afterlife.

This Pompeian tombstone gives advice to any human being (Latin homo means human, man). You now know enough Latin to work it out. Fill in the English version. beside it.

DUM VIVES, HOMO, BIBE WHILE _ __J MAN,

NAM POST MORTEM NIHIL EST FOR THERE __

49

Audite I Dicite A and B alternate reading the sentences aloud. If the verb is in the present tense, say "hodie." If the verb is perfect or imperfect, say "heri." A reads the odd sentences with verification from B. Breads the even sentences with verification from A.

A B

1 amici in horto sedent. 1 amkI in horto sedent. (hodie)

2 omnes spectatores valde 2 omnes spectatores valde plauserunt. (heri) plauserunt.

3 senex multam pecfmiam non 3 senex multam pecilniam non habuit. habuit. (heri)

4 ingens turba ad theatrum 4 ingens turba ad theatrum processit. (heri) processit.

5 canes leonem non petunt. 5 canes leonem non petunt. (hodie)

6 turba in via magnum 6 turba in via magnum clamorem fecit. (heri) clamorem fecit.

7 infans in cubiculo dormiebat. 7 infans in cubiculo dormiebat. (heri)

8 fiir tacite intravit quod canes 8 fiir tacite intravit quod canes aderant. (heri) ad er ant.

9 centurio nihil audit. 9 centurio nihil audit. (hodie)

10 ancilla lacrimabat quod 10 ancilla lacrimabat quod umbram umbram vidit. (heri) vidit.

11 dominus surgit quod amici 11 dominus surgit quod amici intrant. in tr ant. (hodie)

12 Clemens hospitem quaesivit. 12 Clemens hospitem quaesivit. (heri)

50

7.10 Roman Beliefs about Life after Death Read pages 115-118 in your textbook and answer the following:

1 Where did the Romans bury their dead?

2 Why did they do this (first and third paragraphs, page 115)?

3 Where are the tombs at Pompeii?

4 Briefly describe such tombs: a) from the outside b) inside.

5 What was the most important thing to provide for the dead person? Why?

6 What did people believe about the "activities" of the dead?

7 Because of this belief, the living provided the dead with two different kinds of things. List more than one example in each category.

8 What did the Romans think ghosts might do if they were not buried properly?

9 Why were holes put in some tombs?

10 Read page 117 and then list four things that Romans might do to make the existence of the dead more cheerful.

11 Identify the following terms from pages 118 and 120: a) the Elysian Fields e) Tartarus b) Tityus f) Dana us c) Sisyphus g) Ixion d) Tantalus

12 To what extent did most Romans in the first century A.D. believe these stories from the Greek myths?

13 Where would they continue to find these stories?

14 Who was Epicurus and what did he teach?

15 What effect would his teaching have on his followers?

16 Why would the majority of Romans not have agreed with these ideas?

51

7.11

B

E

T

p

c E

Find the verbs. In the box of letters below, you will find fifteen verbs with the ending -NT (e.g. ABSUNT). The tense will be present, imperfect, or perfect. Find each verb and circle it.

A G I T A GU N T E M I S E R u N T

I B I T E T T u T A N D EM B I B UN T T UM

u R R E B A N T B I B E R UN T E s T T u u s 0 N T A c I T E D 0 RM I v E R u N T E x I T

x s p E c T A N T T E R R E B A N T T AM E N

E R R E N T E T p R 0 c E s s E R UN T E s T

L A u s I T c 0 N T E N D E R u N T T u R B A

0 N T E N D E B A N T E s T T UMV 0 c A N T

x N 0 N T u R B A v E N E R U N T T E R R AM

52

- Decens

Referring to Decens, page 108 in your textbook, answer the following questions.

servus primus

servus secundus

servus primus

56

dominus meus ad vnlam

tuam veniebat; dominus gladiat6rem prope amphitheatrum c6nspexit.

gladiator dominum terruit, quod

tum gladiator clamavit,

tt1 me non terres, leo, tt1

me non terres! leones amicum meum in arena

o necaverunt, sed tu me 0 00 non terres!

00

Decens valde timebat.

1 According to the first slave, what did Decens see near the amphitheater?

I

2 According to the second slave, what was the gladiator doing?

3 Give the Latin word for what the gladiator thought he was seeing.

4 How did the gladiator feel about this animal?

5 What had animals of this type done in the arena?

6 How was Decens feeling?

7 What did Decens think was wrong with the gladiator?

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Decens continued

servus secundus

servus primus

~ Caecilius

gladiator tamen dominum ferociter petivit et eum ad amphitheatrum traxit.

dominus perterritus clamavit.

Clemens clamorem audivit.

Clemens, quod fortis erat, amphitheatrum intravit.

Decentem in arena conspexit.

~ dominus meus erat mortuus!

ego rem intellego!

gladiator erat Pugnax. Pugnax erat gladiator notissimus.

Pugnax olim in arena pugnabat, et lea

umbra Pugnax non vivit: Pugnax est umbra.

8 What two things did the gladiator do to Decens?

9 Give the Latin adjective that desc_ribes how Decens was feeling now.

I 10 What did Clemens hear?

11 Give the Latin adjective that describes Clemens.

12 What did Clemens see in the arena?

13 Who does Caecilius think the gladiator was?

14 What had happened to that gladiator?

15 What is Pugnax now?

16 Who killed Decens?

17 What other explanation(s) can you suggest for the death of Decens?

57

Cambridge Activity Masters

58

animal f erox

Referring to animal ferox, page 113 in your textbook, draw pictures in the frames below to illustrate what happens. Write one or two Latin sentences with each picture. You do not need to use every sentence in the story. Sometimes ideas and sentences can be combined.

I

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Houses and Hunts on Mount Vesuvius

Caecilius had several houses or v'illae rusticae out in the countryside near Pompeii. We have learned about these from his business records. Some properties were large villa estates; others were small farms. One of Caecilius' farms was somewhere on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. It would have served three purposes: sport, income, and respite. Because of the higher elevation, the stronger breezes, and the surrounding trees, the house would have been significantly cooler and more comfortable than Caecilius' town house in Pompeii: a perfect retreat in the hot weather of summer and convenient, too, at less than an hour's walk away.

At the time of our stories, Mount Vesuvius had not erupted in over one thousand years and was covered in vegetation right to the top, the lower slopes terraced and cultivated, the rest natural. The wild expanses on the upper slopes were the domain of such animals as deer and boars which were hunted regulirly, for sport, for food, and for proving manliness or courage. Wild boars were extremely dangerous and were infamous for causing widespread damage, both to crops and to the men who hunted them.

This wall-painting, from the House of the

Centenary in Pompeii, shows greenery all the

way to the top of Vesuvius. Bacchus, the god of

wine, is depicted clothed in grapes, personifying

the rich vineyards on the mountain slopes. The

fertile soil on Vesuvius produced some of the best

wine grapes in the world, as it still does today.

The excellence of Falernian wine was proverbial

in Roman times. Olives also grew very well on

the steep slopes and thej.r high-quality oil would

have provided Caecilius with a steady income

since olive oil had so many uses: lighting, cooking,

cosmetics, ointments, and libations.

You are the editor in charge of advertisements in the pagina Pompeiana. For your newspaper write two of the following:

• ~ advertisement for Falernian wine

• .an advertisement for Vesuvian olive oil

• an;announcement of a boar hunt on Mount Vesuvius

• ailol:ice.of property for sale on Mow.'t Vesuvius

59

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Snake Sentences

60

Translate each English sentence into Latin by circling the correct Latin word or phrase.

1 "Melissa is a pest!" shouted the cook.

sum clamavit I ''Melissa es

pestis!" clamabant coquum.

''Melissam er at clamaverunt coquus.

est clamat

2 Now my son has saved Felix.

servaverunt. olim filiummeum

Felicem servat. nunc filli mei

Felix servabat. tam en filiusmeus

servavit.

3 After they heard the strange noise, all the friends were afraid.

omnem amicum, clamorem mirabilem

audivit, timebat.

omnes amicos, quod clamor mirabilis

audiebat, timent.

omnes amid, postquam clamores mrrabiles

audiunt, timuit.

omnis amicus, aucjiverunt, timebant.

4 My friend was hurrying down the street and suddenly caught sight of a centurion.

5

amicusmeus

amidmei

amic6sme6s

amicummeum

pervillam

perviam

centuri6

centuriones

centurion em

fesfin6

fesfinabas

fesfinavit

fesfinabat

c6nspexerunt.

c6nspexit.

cons pi cit.

c6nspiciebat.

They were praising the cook because the dinner was excellent.

laudabat cena coquus

coqui laudaverunt quod

cenae laudant postquam

cenam coquum laudabant

et

est

erat

sunt

erant

caute

subit6

val de

ta cite

optimus.

optimam.

optima.

optimae.

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Roman Funerals

Burial rites varied according to historical period and social class. The deceased from an upper-class family was dressed in his toga and publicly displayed on a funeral couch in the atrium, with his feet towards the door. He lay in state surrounded by flowers and incense until the time of the funeral. Branches of pine or cypress were put beside the door of the house to warn that the house was polluted by death. In very early and very late times a small coin was placed under the deceased's tongue to pay for his passage in Charon's boat across the River Styx in the Underworld.

The town criers gave notice that the funeral procession was to begin. Then the deceased was carried on the funeral couch through the streets in a procession, organized by professional undertakers. At the head of the procession went a band of musicians sometimes followed by persons singing mourning songs in honor of the dead

'

and by bands of jesters who joked with the bystanders. Family members or hired actors would either weat or display the wax masks of the dead man's ancestors. Slaves carried the body of the dead on a couch. The women of the family and professional mourning women, provided by the undertakers, lamented and tore their hair and clothes. The rest of the family, the freedmen, the slaves, and the friends followed. Torchbearers attended the funeral procession even by day, as a reminder of the old custom of burial by night. The procession might stop in the forum for a funeral oration.

From the forum the procession moved outside the city to the cremation or burial site. The early Romans practiced both cremation and inhumation (burial) but by the time of our stories cremation was more common. Spices, perfumes, gifts, and personal possessions were thrown on the pyre, which was lit with a torch by a relative who kept his face averted. Then water of purification was sprinkled three times over those present, and all except the immediate family left. The ashes and a ceremonial bone were put into an urn or chest which was put into a tomb. The family celebrated a funeral feast at the tomb. Finally the mourners returned to their homes and purified themselves with offerings to the lares.

Study the picture above and answer the following questions.

1 What sort of procession is coming down the street?

2 Who are leading the procession?

3 What are the four slaves carrying?

4 Why is the man on the right selling fpod in this particular place?

61

Cambridge Activity Masters

HI What tense is it?

A Complete the following table. Some are done for you.

Imperfect Perfect

mittebat he/she was sending misit

inspiciebant inspexe~t they inspected

deponebat deposuit

plaudebant plauserunt

discedebat discessit

veniebat venit

faciebant fecerunt they did, they made

B Match the present tense of each verb listed below with its correct perfect tense. Then translate each perfect form. One is done for you.

1 procedit _l_ A aperuit

2 contendit B fecit

3 fa cit c hausit

4 venit D emit

5 petit_ E conspexit

6 emit F tacuit

7 scribit G scripsit

8 surgo_ H terruit

9 aperit_ I processit heLshe advanced

10 di cit J traxit

11 mittit K dixit

12 haurit L petivit

13 conspicit_ M apparuit

14 apparet_ N cepit

15 intellegit _ 0 contendit

16 tac et p vidit

17 terret Q misit

18 trahit R in tell exit

19 capit_ s venit

20 videt T surrexit

62

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Roman Festivals of the Dead

There are two festivals of the dead mentioned on page 117 in your textbook. These are the Parentii.lia and the Lemuria. The Roman poet, Ovid, gives us many details about these unusual festivals. The Parentalia, a festival in honor of deceased family members, was celebrated between February 13 and February 21. All temples were closed and no weddings celebrated. Families walked outside the city to visit family tombs and offer simple sacrifices of wine, grain, salt, or flowers. Sometimes flowers, tiles with wreaths, or bread soaked in wine were placed in the middle of the road to honor the spirits. It was a reflective week, a time to remember loved ones and the importance of the family. On February 22 the Romans celebrated the Carista, the feast of the dear ones. The living, now that they had paid respect to the dead, gathered in their own homes to celebrate the family and to resolve any outstanding quarrels. They made sacrifices to the lares and enjoyed a family feast.

In contrast to the Parentalia, the Lemuria was a very private ceremony, taking place entirely in the home and designed to appe~ and drive away the lemures, hostile ghosts. The Lemuria was held on May 9, 11, and 13 when these ghosts were thought to wander at night and haunt the house. At this festival it was the custom for the paterfamilias to rise at midnight, wash his hands, and walk barefoot through the house. Any form of binding (e.g. of the hair or of the cord around the waist) during a festival of the dead was considered unlucky. As the paterfamilias walked through the house, he spat out nine black beans or else threw them backwards over his shoulder. Ovid mentions some of the other rituals: "As the paterfamilias walks through the house throwing beans, he says nine times, 'These I let fall; with these I ransom me and mine.' He washes his hands again, bangs some bronze cymbals or pots together, and says nine times, 'Be gone, ancestral spirits."' The beans, picked up by the lemures as they followed the paterfamilias through the house, were offered as payment to protect the family from the spirits of the dead.

Referring to the readings above, answer the following questions.

1 What practices were observed during the Parentalia and the Carista?

2 Explain the difference between the Parentalia and the Lemuria festivals.

3 The Lemuria's origin is thought to have begun when Romulus felt the need to appease the spirit of his brother, Remus, whom he had murdered in a quarrel over the founqing of Rome. What does this suggest about the types of actions which might anger the lemures?

4 What is the significance of the ritual washing of the hands at the beginning and end of the Lemuria?

63

Cambridge Activity Masters

64

s W'hat was the:· purpose of clanging the bronze cymbals at the end of the

cer~ony? . . . 6 Why did the pa~tfamiliiis leave t~e ~eans fQr the lemures? Why was it important

thafb¢ not turnaround?

7 .;\ltJ:iough the'Lemuria. was a private .family rituarfhere. was a silnilar ritual for theState. What sort oflemures woukttheState have to fear?

8 As a Clas$, r~enact the festival ef the I.;emuria. Here a.r,e some items to <;;ollSicier before yeur re ... creation:

·· • You must dress in Roman tunics and/ortoga$and:pallas, be barefoot, and have.·the cord on your tunic loosened. Your hair· should not be tied back 9r bound in any way.

• · InRo~a~timeSonJY the paterfamilias ofeaclHainily w~in the procesmon. Iri our mQdern re<reation girls will a.ISo p~rtidpate· in the proc~ion.

• Bring in blpck beans and pots and pal'lS~.

• :Practj~.the incantations.

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Whodidit?

Look at each picture and then translate the sentence using the correct English pronoun: ire, she, it, they."

1

vinum laudavit.

3

, I

[{.~-..:::::;~

cibum gustavit.

5

_x_~

per viam processerunt.

2

actorem spectabant.

4

6

subito apparuit.

.....

·o· . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

65

Cambridge Activity Masters

- Metella et Melissa

Who?

66

Referring to Metella et Melissa, page 114 in your textbook, complete the following table by indicating the person involved in the action, where in the house that person was, how that person was feeling and the reason for his or her mood.

Where? Mood? Why?

(line 2)

(line 10)

. .

(line 19)

(line 19)

Cambridge Activity Masters

-· Name that verb!

Referring to Metella et Melissa, page 114 in your textbook, drcle the items which give the correct grammatical identification for each verb below. One is done for you.

Person Number Tense

1st sing. Ill

present 1 processerunt, line 2 2nd ® imperfect

@ (ierfectJ

1st sing. present 2 erat, line 3 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 3 es, line 4 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 4 coxit, line 8 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 5 laborabat, line 11 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 6 fecit, line 14 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 7 absunt, line 16 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 8 vidit, line 19 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 9 lacrimabat, line 19 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 10 laudo, line 23 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

1st sing. present 11 diris, line 26 2nd pl. imperfect

3rd perfect

67

Cambridge Activity Masters

7.11

1

3

68

Roman Beliefs about Life after Death

Below are four inscriptions from Roman tombstones. Read them and answer the following.

A What does the person who wrote each of the inscriptions seem to believe about life after death?

B Write down some of the different beliefs about life after death today. , 2

HERE 1WIN BROTHERS ARE SDE'l'omo DO NOT IGNORE MY EPITAPH, PASSER-BY,

SIDE BY SIDE IN 1HElR TOME. BUT LINGER A WHILE.

ON EARIH 1HEY WERE WELL MATQIED. DO Nor POUR OFFERINGS OF WINE OVER MY GRAVE.

NOW EAKl'H BRINGS 11iEM TOCE'IHER AGAIN. DO NOi' DECORATE IT wnH GARLANDS -IT IS ONLY

nmY WBE BORN BARBARIANS BUT A S10i1E. OON"T UGHI' A FIRE ON MY BEHALF -rrs

TiiEY WERE BORN AGAIN IN nm FOUNTAIN. ALL A WASTE OF MONBY!

1HEY GIVE nmIR SOULS TO HEAVEN AND 1HFlR IP YCX1 HAVE ANYTHING TO GIVE SHARE IT W1'IH

BODIFS TO nm son.. SOMEONE WR> IS ALIVE. IF YOU POUR WINE ON MY

nlEIR PAnlER, FRAGILLA, AND HlS WIFE ASHES YCX1 WILL ONLY BE MAKING A MUDDY MFSS

FELT HEARr-BROICEN AND WOULD MUCH RAnmR -nm DEAD WILL NOi' auNK IT. nns JS WHAT WILL

1HAT 1HEY HAD DIED FIRST. EXME OP ME. SO WHEN YOU SCATI'ER EARTH ON

BUT 1HEY CAN BEAR 1HEIR SA~ MY RFMAINS SAY, •nm; WAS A MAN BUT NOW IT IS

FOR CHRIST IS CEN11.E. NOJ'HINC: IT HAS REtURNED TO WHAT IT WAS:

1HEY HA VE NOT LOST THEIR am.DREN. COMMIT NO WILLFUL DAMAGE TO THIS nlEY HAVE CIVP.N 1HEM AS A PRESENT TO COD. TOMB

TO 1HE GHOSTS OP 1HE DEAD 4

l .. WAS·kYOVNG·GIR1· I, c. TULLIUS HESPER, HAVE MADE nDS Al-O·MY·f AMlLY~ LO\IED·JVE·

ALTAR POR MY BONFS. 1F ANYBODY D1S1URBS THEM HER.E· \·AM· OEl\O._ 1· AM· ASH

OR nmows 1HEM our nlEN I HOPE nIAT HE UVES AND·THL·ASH·H·E~~TH- BVT·F·

FOR A LONG TIME IN PAIN, AND 1HAT WHEN HE IS EARTH· 1 S· A·GODDE55 .. THEN"'

DEAD, nm DEAD WILL NOT ALLOW HIM INTO nm l· AM·A·GODDESS·TOO UNDERWORLD. AND

I> J\.lWNOPDEJ\D STRf\"1Gt{\- PLE~SE· DON'T·

D1$TVl\B • MY1 f>ONES •

MVj AGW· XIII · e

Cambridge Activity Masters