07-Singapore M7 Final Report_revised_101201

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Singapore

ASEAN Maritime Transport Working Group

PART II

Seeking Improvement Area:Survey and Suggestions

Final Report of Measure No. 7

Identify Required Improvement Areas in ASEAN Network

Port Performance and Capacity, based among others, onRegular Forecasts of Maritime Trade and Requirements

August 2010

Lead Coordinator: Malaysia

Republic of Korea Research Team

Korea Maritime Institute

Kun Il Engineering Corp.

Korea Maritime University


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Contents

7. Singapore

S-1 The Port of Singapore........................................................................................................... ......73

S-1.1 Port characteristics................................................................................................ ..........73

S-1.2 Port Facilities and Operations........................... .............. ..................... ................... .... .... .74

S-1.3 Demand for Development...............................................................................................77

S-1.4 Suggestion for improvement............................................................................................78

S-1.5 Summary...................................................................................................................... ...79

Figures

S-1 The Port of Singapore...........................................................................329

.............................. .... ........329

........................... ................... ........... ..330

Tables

S-1 The Port of Singapore...........................................................................329

.................................................................... .......331

....... ................. ... ..... .331

.........................331

................................. .............. ............. ...333

.................................................... .... .... .333

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7. Singapore

S-1 The Port of Singapore


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SingaporeSingapore

S-1S-1 TheThe PortPort ofofSingaporeSingapore

S-1.1S-1.1 PortPort ccharacteristicsharacteristics

Singapore has been the world's largest port in terms of container volume since 2005.

Transshipment cargos account for about 80% of the total cargo volume handled at the

port, with the remainder being domestic and intermediate goods.

The Port of Singapore is located across Singapore Island in the southern part of the

Malay Peninsula. Johor Port and Tanjung Pelepas Port in Malaysia are its neighboring

ports.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) under the Ministry of Transport

(MOT) is in charge of managing the Port of Singapore. Under the management of

MPA, the Port of Singapore Authority Corporation Ltd. (PSA Corp.) is responsible for

the day to day operation of various ports under its charge. PSA operates Tanjung Pagar

Terminal, Keppel Terminal, Brani Terminal, Pasir Panjang Terminal, and Sembawang

Wharves.

The Jurong Port Pte Ltd., under the management of the Ministry of Trade and Industry

(MTI), operates Jurong Port.

As of 2008, the Port of Singapore handled approximately 515 million tons of cargo in

total, of which containers accounted for 308.5 million tons (29.9 million TEU) or 60%.

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Port of Singapore


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S-1.2S-1.2 Port Facilities and OperationsPort Facilities and Operations

A.A. FacilitiesFacilities

The Port of Singapore has five major terminals: Tanjong Pagar, Keppel, Brani, Pasir

Panjang, and Sembawang on a 6 million site, managed by PSA. The site of Jurong

Port is 1.52 million. Status of port facilities per berth is as follows.

Source: Brochure

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SingaporeSingapore

BerthLength

(m)

Water depth

(MLLW)

Maximum Vessel

AlongsideGantry Crane

Container

Terminal

Tanjung Pagar 8 2,300 9.0 - 14.6 150,000 DWT 29

Keppel 14 3,200 9.0 - 15.5 150,000 DWT 42

Brani 9 2,600 15.0 150,000 DWT 32

Pasir Panjang 23 7,900 16.0 150,000 DWT 87

Jurong 5 1,400 12.5 - 15.7 150,000 DWT 14

Sub-total 59 17,400 - 150,000 DWT 204

Multi-

purpose

Terminal

Jurong 21 3,220 12.7 - 15.0 -

Sembawang 4 655 11.4 -

Sub-total 25 3,875 - -

Total 84 21,275 - -

Source: Questionnaire & Brochure

B.B. OperationsOperations

Container volume at the Port of Singapore was about 29.92 million TEU in 2008,

recording an annual average growth rate of 8.83% from 2004 to 2008.

(Unit: TEUs)

Year

Container2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Volume 21,329,000 23,192,000 24,792,000 27,936,000 29,918,000

Among non-container cargo volume, liquid bulk takes the highest share at 80.9%

(167.32 million tons) as of 2008, followed by break bulk / general cargo (27.94 million

tons) and dry bulk (11.67 million tons). Non-container cargo volume is recording an

annual growth rate of 5.05% on average from 2004 to 2008.

(Unit: Tons)

Year

Cargo2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Break Bulk /

General Cargo17,378,000 20,292,000 22,840,000 25,823,000 27,935,000

Dry Bulk 23,208,000 23,176,000 14,081,000 11,316,000 11,672,000

Liquid Bulk 129,328,000 137,826,000 153,030,000 157,382,000 167,319,000

Total 169,914,000 181,294,000 189,951,000 194,521,000 206,926,000

The number of ship calls at the Port of Singapore increased from 130,000 in 2005 to

132,000 in 2008, posting an annual average growth rate of 0.35%.

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C.C. IssuesIssues

Approach channels are very adjacent to the main trunk route, and the Strait of Malacca

has more than 16m of water depth. There will be no problem in accommodating ultraships (12,000 TEU level) or larger in the future.

There are five container terminals at the Port of Singapore, including Tanjung Pagar,

Keppel, Brani, Pasir Panjang, and Jurong.

There is no significant issue in terms of stevedoring function for the following reasons:

Annual handling capacity of container terminals stands at 33 million TEU, compared

with 29.9 million TEU in 2008; terminals possess various types of stevedoring

equipment including 204 gantry cranes; construction is underway to add more berths.

Moreover, considering that some cranes are super post-panamax gantry cranes,

terminals will be able to accommodate ultra-sized ships that may call at the port in the

future.

Pasir Panjang Terminal sits on a site expanding 338,000 and has 138,000 of

storage facilities and Sembawang Terminal expands 255,000 and has 59,000 of

storage facilities.

The Port of Singapore, which remains as the world's largest container terminal, is

deemed to have no special issues in storage and transfer of containers. When the port

is expanded as planned, its capacity in storage and transfer is expected to increase.

Real-time information at gate and IT services are integrated into a Port-MIS. There are

no distinctive concerns related to improving gate functions.

There are several large logistics centers in the hinterland of the Port of Singapore.

Considering that the large industrial park and the logistics centers are carrying out

closely connected functions, there is no need to improve the complexes situated in the

port hinterland.

The road network in Singapore Island is well established by main roads and

expressways. Given that expressways are used to transport cargo between terminals

including Pasir Panjang, Tnajong Pagar, Keppel, and Brani, there seems to be no need

to improve the hinterland transport connection system.

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SingaporeSingapore

S-1.3S-1.3 Demand for DevelopmentDemand for Development

A.A. Forecast on containers and break bulkForecast on containers and break bulk

Container volume in the Port of Singapore forecast 29.7 million TEU in 2010 and

about 45.3 million TEU in 2020, with an annual average growth rate of 4.3% from

2010 to 2020.

(Unit: TEUs)

Year 2010 2015 2020

Export/Import 4,928,210 5,922,916 6,837,493

Transshipment 24,769,047 31,588,988 38,461,041

Total 29,697,257 37,511,904 45,298,535

Break bulk volume in the Port of Singapore forecast 28.34 million tons in 2010 and

about 47.87 million tons in 2020. An annual average growth rate of 5.4% is projected

from 2010 to 2020.

(Unit: 000 Tons)

Year 2010 2015 2020

Volume 28,341 37,725 47,870

B. Capacity and development demandB. Capacity and development demand

Result of loading/unloading capacity calculation in the Port of Singapore shows that

the annual container handling capacity was approximately 33 million TEU as of 2009.

Given that container cargo volume in the Port of Singapore was 29.9 million TEU in

2008, the port seems to have sufficient container handling capacity. As container cargo

volume forecast in the Port of Singapore is 45 million TEU in 2020, the port needs to

secure 24 additional berths which can handle 12 million TEU per annum by 2020. But

in the process of actual development, the number of container berths to be developed

could be changed according to the high degree of port performance.

In case of general (break bulk) cargo, the Port of Singapore's handling capacity stood

at about 38 million tons per year, compared with 28 million tons in 2008. Therefore,

the port seems to have sufficient general cargo handling capacity. As the general cargo

volume forecast is 48 million tons in 2020, the port needs to secure 11 additional

berths which can handle 10 million tons per annum by 2020. But in the process of

actual development, the number of additional general cargo berths can be changed

considering the ports degree of performance.

C.C. Current development planCurrent development plan

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Pasir Panjang Terminal is currently under expansion. Construction of phase III and IV

started in 2007, and reclaiming work for site preparation and construction of the linear

quay with caisson are currently on-going.

According to the master plan on the Pasir Panjang Terminal expansion, 16 berths will

be added, raising Singapores capacity to about 50 million TEU.

S-1.4S-1.4 Suggestion forSuggestion for iimprovementmprovement

As mentioned above, the Port of Singapore has shown the world's best performance in

handling container cargo for several years. Its facilities are of the highest quality

among major ports around the world.

Field research detected no issues in terms of improving port functions, including ship

calls, loading/unloading, storage and transfer, gate, hinterland transport connectionsystem, and industrial complexes in port hinterland. The current development plan

(handling capacity of 50 million TEU by 2018) seems to have flexibility, in line with

the actual growth in cargo volume.

As the world's largest transshipment port, the Port of Singapore is deemed to have no

major concern for water depth of access channels and capacity of loading/unloading

equipment.

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SingaporeSingapore

S-1.S-1.55 SuSummarymmary

Supply and Demand for Container Handling Service

(Unit: 000 TEUs)

Category 2008 2010 2015 2020

CAGR

(2008-20)

Tier 1

(WorldClass

(T/S)Port)

Container Throughput (A)29,91

8

29,69

737,512 45,299 3.5%

Current CargoHandling Capacity1) (B)

33,465

=204*(365*24)*(0.65*0.9*0.95*0.8)*(45*0.65*0.9)*1.6

Shortage or Excess of

Capacity (C=B-A)

3,547Exces

s

3,768Exces

s

(4,047)

Shortage

(11,834)

Shortage

Required Number of Berth

(D=C/490)2)

8 berths

(8.2)

24 berths (24.2)

(+16)

Total Capacity with New Terminal33,46

5

33,46

5

37,385

= 33,465+(490*8)

45,225

= 33,465+(490*24)

Current Development Plan by Port

Authority16 berths (handling capacity of 50 million TEU) by 2018

Suggestion for Development

Developing 8 container berths by 2015 and 16 additional berths by

2020 are recommendableIn the process of actual development, the number of berths to be

developed will be changed according to the high degree of portperformance

1) Quay-oriented annual container cargo handling capacity = no. of container crane potential working hours (=no.

of days x working hrs) crane working hour ratio (=berth occupancy rate vessel movement coefficient x crane

operation coefficient x actual working hour ratio) x crane work efficiency (=designed crane capacity craneoperation loss adjustment coefficient x interference coefficient) x unit conversion coefficient.

2) 490,000 TEUs, Recommended Berth Capacity for New Terminal Development for tier 1 group of port, is applied

to calculate how many berths to be needed in order to bridge the gap of supply and demand for port service. The

number of berths is rounded off to the nearest whole number.

Supply and Demand for General Cargo Handling Service

(Unit: 000 MT)

Category 2008 2010 2015 2020CAGR

(2008-20)

Group

A

General Cargo (E) 27,935 28,341 37,725 47,870 4.6%Current General Cargo

Handling Capacity3) (F)37,581 = 37* 244*1*24*365*0.66*0.72

Shortage or Excess

(G=F-E)

9,646

Excess

9,240

Excess

(144)

Shortage

(10,289)

Shortage

Required Number of Berth(I=C/900)4)

11 berths (11.4)

Total Capacity with New General

Cargo Terminal37,581 37,581 37,581

47,481

=37,581+(900*11)

Current Development Plan by Port

Authority-

Suggestion for Development Developing 11 general cargo berths by 2020 is recommendable

In the process of actual development, the number of additional berths

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to be developed will be changed considering the ports degree of

performance

3) General cargo handling capacity of port per year (V) = B S Pi H D O R. B: Number of berths, S:

Handling capacity/hr/ship (ton), Pi: Cargo is share (applied 1), H: Working hours per day, D: Potential workingdays per year, O: Berth occupancy rate, R: Actual work ratio

4) 900,000MT, Recommended Berth Capacity for New Terminal Development for group A port, is applied to

calculate how many berths to be needed in order to bridge the gap of supply and demand for port service. The

number of berths is rounded off to the nearest whole number.

Prospects for Passenger Traffic

2008 2010 2015 2020CAGR

(2008-20)

Number of passengers

Current development plan by PA

Suggestion

Required Improvement Areas

1.Channel

Facility (channel depth etc.)

Navigation

2.Container Terminal

Facility

Operation

3.Non-Container Terminal

Facility

Operation

4.Passenger Terminal

Facility

Operation

5. Terminal Gate

Facility

Operation

6. Land Transport

7. Logistics ComplexFacility

8. IT System

Facility

Operation

Required Projects

Category Main Components Status

New terminal development Expansion of terminalDevelopment of 16 additional berths

plan until 2018

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SingaporeSingapore

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07-Singapore M7 Final Report_revised_101201