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Michael G. RossMichael G. RossSouthwest Research InstituteSouthwest Research Institute

September 12, 2007September 12, 2007

Southwest

Research

Institute ® 

LPG Deposit Formation and Mitigation

Study 

Fourth Annual Texas Propane

Technology Forum

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Backroun!

Heavy-ends in LPG can

produce deposits in

engines

The mechanisms that

control deposit formation

rates are not well

understood

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"ea#$ %n! Resi!ue &oncentrations

Note: 0.0 mL of heavy ends per !00 mL offuel e"uates to 0. gallons #$ cups% of heavy

ends per !000 gallons of fuel

Resi!ue

'm( per 100 m()

Typical LPG &uel 0.00' ( 0.0)

 *+T, -!$) LPG specification limit 0.0

eported levels associated withengine performance pro/lems

0.00$ - '.00

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5!!iti#es &an &hane (ocation o6

+eposits

Intake mani6ol!!eposits with

a!!iti#e

Intake mani6ol!!eposits without

a!!iti#e

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ily eposit4ithout *dditive 4ith *dditive

5!!iti#es &an Increase +eposits

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Boilin *oint +istributions o6 +eposits

with an! without 5!!iti#e

"ea#$%n!sromuel

(uberom

5!!iti#e

"ea#$

%n!s

/ &20

uel +eposit

ith 5!!iti#e

uel +eposit ithout 5!!iti#e

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8uestions 5!!resse! b$ this Stu!$

4hat is the range of LPG contaminants

found in the field5

How do factors li6e vapori7er temperature

affect deposit formation rates5

2an filtration /e used at the point of use to

remove heavy-ends and prevent

deposits5 How effective are additives in preventing

deposits5

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*ro9ect *lan

2ollect and analy7e fuel samples from

around the country that are 6nown to cause

vapori7er deposits

evelop a LPG deposit test fuel specification

2onstruct a test rig to study deposit formation

effects under carefully controlled conditions

Test vapori7er temperature effects Test filters

Test additives #engine testing%

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Sample &ollection *rocess

+ite with deposit pro/lem contacts +w8

+w8 ships sample 6it /y air freight

LPG distri/utor or "ualified +w8 contractor

collects samples

+w8 contractor handles pac6aging9 la/eling9

and ha7ardous material manifests for return

shipping +w8 analy7es samples

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(*G Sample :its

!L stainless steel cylinder

for LPG samples

Glass containers for deposit

samples

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uel Sample %;ample

'.0 mL of residue per!00 mL of vapori7edLPG #0; the *+T,limit%

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+eposit

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Status

+ample collection is in progress

Test rig design is nearing completion

Testing is e;pected to /e complete in spring

of '00$

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uel Samples

4e are see6ing additional fuel samples

6nown to cause vapori7er deposits

Please contact:

,ichael G. oss

Program ,anager 

Phone: #'!0% ''-'>?0

@-mail: michael.rossAswri.org