Name:___________________________ Date:_______________________United States and Virginia History

Mid-Term Review

VUS.8: Westward Movement, Immigration, and Urbanization

1. tenement overcrowding/slums: Problems caused by rapid urban growth in the late 19th century.

2. Bessemer Process: This is the name of the industrial innovation in steel.

3. Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court case (1898) that stated races could be “separate but equal.”

4. W.E.B. DuBois: He believed that education was meaningless without equality; he founded the NAACP.

5. Booker T. Washington: believed that equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social separation

6. Ida B. Wells: She led an anti-lynching campaign.

7. Ellis Island, New York: Eastern port of entry for immigrants

8. Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, & NYC: cities that developed as centers for manufacturing and transportation

9. Chinese Exclusion Act: laws to restrict immigration (primarily from Asia)

10. Northern & Western Europe: area from which immigrants came prior to 1871 (old immigrants)

11. Melting Pot: The term for the process of assimilation of immigrants into the American culture.

12. Southern & Eastern Europe (Asia): area from which immigrants came post 1871 (new immigrants)

13. Slavs, Italians, and Poles: Immigrants who often worked in the coal mines of the eastern U.S.

SHORT ANSWERWhat two areas of the United States saw growth after the Civil War?area between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean as well as northeast & midwestern cities

What groups of people could be found out west after the Civil War?cowboys, newly freed slaves (exodusters), and Native Americans (being kicked off their land onto reservations)

What legislation and new technologies encouraged people to move west after the Civil War?Homestead Act of 1862; railroad, mechanical reaper, and barbed wire

WORD BANKreasons for US economic

transformationW.E.B. DuBoisJim Crow Laws

Plessy v. Fergusontenement overcrowding/slums

Ida B. WellsBessemer Process

Booker T. WashingtonChinese

Southern & Eastern Europe (Asia)Northern & Western Europe

Ellis Island, New YorkSlavs, Italians, and Poles

Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and NYC

Chinese Exclusion Act & Immigration Restriction Act

Melting Pot