052OBH03 ELO C Mass Diagram

Mass Diagram Analysis

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Perform mass diagram analysis.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment given a PowerPoint presentation, student handout, mass diagram, ruler and calculator (supplied by student).

STANDARDS: Performed earthwork volume calculations using mass diagram analysis .

Administrative Data

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: No major safety requirements.

RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL: Low

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: No major considerations.

EVALUATION: Students will be evaluated on this block of instruction during the Horizontal Construction exam. The exam will consist of 50 questions. You must receive a score of 70 percent or above to receive a GO.

Method of analyzing earthmoving operations. It can tell Method of analyzing earthmoving operations. It can tell us:us:• Where to use certain types of equipment.Where to use certain types of equipment.• The quantities of materials needed or available.The quantities of materials needed or available.• The average haul distance.The average haul distance.• The average slope for each operation.The average slope for each operation.

What is a Mass Diagram?

It is one of the most effective engineer planning tools!

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Mass Diagrams are plotted from the Earthwork Volume Sheet Columns 1 and 12.

This is the Mass Diagram

This is a Profile View – It shows existing and proposed elevationsat the centerline of the road.

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume 1 + 00 - 350

Station#

MassOrdinate

1 + 00

- 350

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 - 700

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00

- 700

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 50 - 775

Station#

MassOrdinate

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

3 + 00 - 700

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

4 + 00 - 250

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

5 + 00 450

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

6 + 00 1025

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

6 + 50 1080

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

7 + 00 980

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

8 + 00 300

Station#

MassOrdinate

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Play “Connect the Dots”

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Are we done yet?

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

NODE 1

NODE 2

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

In a Node, the volume of cut is equal to the volume of fill.

CUTFILL

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

CUTFILL

Transition Point - Where the Mass Diagram Line changes direction.

Shows the transitionfrom cut to fill.

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Zero Balance Line

Final Position

Final Position indicates if the project is predominately cut or fill.

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Blue line is existing elevation at centerline.

Red line is finished elevation at centerline.

The amount of cut and fill are roughly balanced.

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90

Elevation

Normally, we will “Cut High and Fill Low”

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90

Elevation

Transition Point: Where the Existing Elevation Line and Proposed Elevation line cross.

Shows the transitionfrom cut to fill.

How do we determine where on our project the Dozers and Scrapers are going to work to maximize productivity?

PLEASE PUT THESE NUMBERS ON YOUR STRIPPER

MAXIMUM HAUL DISTANCESCrawler Tractor

(Dozer)

Scraper

Dump Truck

0 - 300 Feet

301 - 5000 Feet

5001 Feet Plus

200 ft100 ft 300 ft 500 ft400 ft

500 ccy 1000 ccy 1500 ccy 2000 ccy 2500 ccy

CAT D-7 G W/ Rippers

Operating range up to 300’

CAT 621B Scraper

Operating range 301’ to 5000’

M1090 FMTV

Operating range 5001’ and up

MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS

STEP 1: Determine and Draw Balance Line . STEP 1: Determine and Draw Balance Line .

STEP 2: Determine and Draw Quantity Line.STEP 2: Determine and Draw Quantity Line.

STEP 3: Determine and Draw the Average Haul STEP 3: Determine and Draw the Average Haul

Distance.Distance.

STEP 4: Determine Average Grade in Percent.STEP 4: Determine Average Grade in Percent.

STEP 5: Determine Station Locations for Cut and STEP 5: Determine Station Locations for Cut and

Fill Operations.Fill Operations.

STEP 6: Complete The Mass Diagram Analysis Sheet.STEP 6: Complete The Mass Diagram Analysis Sheet.

PERFORM STEPS 1 THRU 6 FOR THE DOZERPERFORM STEPS 1 THRU 6 FOR THE DOZER

Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the scraper.Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the scraper.

Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the dump truck. Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the dump truck.

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 1: DETERMINE AND DRAW BALANCE LINE FOR DOZER

STRIPPER100 ft 200 ft 300 ft

O’ 300’

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 1: DETERMINE ANDDRAW BALANCE LINE


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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 2: DETERMINE ANDDRAW QUANTITY LINE

Find transition point on Node

Place a vertical “tick” mark

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 2: DETERMINE ANDDRAW QUANTITY LINE

Project this line from the bottom of the Node up to the Dozer balance line.

ST

RIP

PE

R

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume 5

00

CC

Y1

00

0 C

CY

15

00

CC

Y

ST

RIP

PE

R

Quantity =500 CCY

Using your stripper as an instrument to measure VOLUME measure this line to determine the quantity of material your dozer will move.

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume Find the midpoint

of the quantity line

Make a “tick” mark

STEP 3: DRAW AND DETERMINEAVERAGE HAUL DISTANCE

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Project the “tick mark”horizontally to bothsides of the Node.


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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Using your stripper asan instrument to measuredistance, measure this line.


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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Record this information outside of the Node.


Avg. Haul 195’

This line determines your average haul distance.

STEP 4: DETERMINE AVERAGEGRADE IN PERCENT

AVG. GRADE % = AVG. CHANGE IN ELEVATION X 100 AVG. HAUL DISTANCE

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90

Elevation

Find the highest point in the range we just projected.

76

High = 76

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Find the elevation of the transition point.

High = 76

66

Trans pt. = 66

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

High = 76

Trans Pt. = 66

Find the lowest point in the range we projected.

57

Low = 57

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Determine Avg. High76 + 66 = 142 / 2 = 71

High = 76

Trans pt. = 66

Avg. High = 71

Determine Avg. Low.66 + 57 = 123 / 2 = 61.5

Trans pt. = 66

Low = 57

Avg. Low = 61.5

Avg. High - Avg. Low Avg. Haul Distance X 100 = % Of Grade

9.5195

= 0.0487 X 100 = 4.87 or 4.9%71 - 61.5195

=

Avg. High = 71

Avg. Low = 61.5

Avg.. Haul 195’

4.9% becomes - 4.9% WHY?

We alwayswant to pushdown hill

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

STEP 5: DETERMINESTATION LOCATIONS FOR CUT AND FILL

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Identify station numbers

3+90

2+50

0+90

3+90 2+500+90

Cut (Downhill)3+90 to 2+50

Fill (Downhill)2+50 to 0+90

Any questions on how to analyze aMass Diagram?

STEP 6: COMPLETE THE MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS SHEET

MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS SHEETLOCATIONSTATION

TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

Page 17 of Student Handout

3+90 2+500+90





TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

3+90 to2+50

CUT

2+50 to0+90

FILL

3+90 2+500+90

Quantity Line500 CCY



TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

3+90 to2+50

CUT

2+50 to0+90

FILL

500CCY

- 4.9 % Slope

Avg. Haul 195’



TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

3+90 to2+50

CUT

2+50 to0+90

FILL

500CCY

195 ft.- 4.9%

Dozer

Any questions on the dozer’s portion of the Mass Diagram?

STEP 1: determine and draw balance line.

STEP 2: determine and draw quantity balance line.

STEP 3: determine and draw the average haul

distance.

STEP 4: determine average grade in percent.

STEP 5: determine station locations for cut and fill

operations.

STEP 6: complete the mass diagram analysis sheet.

Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the dozer

Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the scraper.

Perform steps 1 thru 6 for the dump truck.

MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 1: DETERMINE ANDDRAW BALANCE LINE


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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 2: DRAWAND DETERMINEQUANTITY LINE

Project the Quantity line from the Dozer balance line up to the Scraper balance line.

ST

RIP

PE

R

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 2: DRAWAND DETERMINEQUANITY LINE

Using your stripper as an instrument to measure VOLUME. Measure this new line to determine the quantity of material your scraper will move.

50

0 C

CY

10

00

CC

Y1

50

0 C

CY

300 CCY

DO NOT MEASUREANY PORTION OFTHE DOZER QUANITY LINE!

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 3: DRAW AND DETERMINE AVERAGE HAUL DISTANCE

Find the midpoint of the quantity line

Make a “tick” mark

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume


Project the “tick mark”horizontally to bothsides of the Node.


2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume



Using your stripper asan instrument to measuredistance, measure this line.

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume



Record this information outside of the Node.

Avg. Haul 360’

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

STEP 4: DETERMINE AVERAGEGRADE IN PERCENT

AVG. GRADE % = AVG. CHANGE IN ELEVATION X 100 AVG. HAUL DISTANCE

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Look at the high end of the range we just projected.

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Find the highest point in the high range.

79

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Find the lowest point in the high range.

79

70

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

ADD the Highest elevation from the high range and the lowest elevation of the high range, then divide by 2 to obtain the Avg. High.

79

70

79 + 70 = 149 / 2 = 74.5 (Avg. High)

Avg. High 74.5

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Look at the low end of the projected range.

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Station Numbers

70

60

50

80

90Elevation

Find the highest point in the low range.

Avg. High 74.5

62

Find the lowest point in the low range

56

ADD the Highest elevation from the low range and the lowest elevation of the low range, then divide by 2 to obtain the Avg. Low.

62 + 56 = 118 / 2 = 59 (Avg. Low)

Avg. Low 59

Avg. Haul 360’

74.5 - 59360

Avg. High - Avg. Low Avg. Haul Distance

X 100 = % Of Grade

15.5360

= 0.0430 X 100 = 4.30 or - 4.3%

Avg. High = 74.5

Avg. Low = 59

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

STEP 5: DETERMINE STATION LOCATIONS FOR CUT AND FILL

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Cut from station 4+40back to where the dozer started cutting at 3+90

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Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

ST

RIP

PE

R10

0 ft

200

ft30

0 ft

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Fill from station 0+90(where the dozer stopped filling) back to 0+00

3+90 0+90



4+40 0+00

STEP 6: COMPLETE THE MASS STEP 6: COMPLETE THE MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS SHEETDIAGRAM ANALYSIS SHEET


TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

3+90 to2+50 CUT

2+50 to0+90 FILL

500CCY

195 ft.- 4.9% Dozer

4+40 to3+90

CUT

0+90 to0+00

FILL

300 CCYAvg. Haul 360’

Avg. grade – 4.3%



TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

3+90 to2+50 CUT

2+50 to0+90 FILL

500CCY

195 ft.- 4.9% Dozer

4+40 to3+90

CUT

0+90 to0+00 FILL

300CCY

360 ft.- 4.3%

Scraper

2 + 00 4 + 00 6 + 00 8 + 00

Station Numbers

0

- 500

- 1000

500

1000

Volume

Practical Exercise # 5Solve NODE 2

NODE 2NODE 2MASS DIAGRAM ANALYSIS SHEET

LOCATIONSTATION

TYPE OFWORK

AMOUNTCCY

AVERAGEDISTANCE/

GRADE

TYPE OFEQUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONRATE

NUMBEROF UNITS

NETTIME

4+90 to6+50

CUT

6+50 to7+85

FILL

700CCY

200 ft.- 7.0%

Dozer

4+40 to4+90

CUT

7+85 to8+28

FILL

400CCY

345 ft.- 6.7%

Scraper

Performed Mass Diagram Analysis. Drew equipment balance lines. Determined material volume. Determined average haul distance. Determined average grade. Determined station locations and equipment

placement. Questions???

LESSON SUMMARY

Documents

052OBH03 ELO C Mass Diagram