05 Technical Session i Renewable Energy Solar Energy

8/4/2019 05 Technical Session i Renewable Energy Solar Energy

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Concepts about RenewableEnergy: Perception and Practice.

By,Dr.Ashok Rao, Visiting Prof.IIM Bangalore

Former Head, Network project, CEDT, IISc, Bangalore

[email protected]


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Outline of PresentationIn Two parts

Part-1: Concepts, Dimensions and Dynamicsof Energy. Renewables as a choice & attitude

Part-2: India (III World) Centric views, andhandling challenges for supply of Energy


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ENERGY:A key dimension in sustainable development

Renewables: Dr.ASHOK RAO

What is Energy?

Why Energy?

In what ways and scale?

Energy Sources and NatureHistorical Perspective

Dimensions and Dynamics of energy

Sustainability

Solutions

References and Reading

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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What is Energy ?

Keeps people warm ( and cool Too)

Cooks food

Does Work

Keeps things moving

Used for Communication and Transport

Economic and Social empowerment

Well it also causes Immense Side effects

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Why energy ?Food : growing, processing

Life styles Shelter : material and creating

Clothing: growing, processing

Gainful employment : cottage or homeindustry, entertainment

The biggest Impact On and By Life Style:

- Energy- Global Warming

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Goods and material : SERVICES.

Transport People : fast & reliable.

Events : people & materials ; WAR !!

Large : corporation, multinationals.

Wealth creation Co-operatives : farm, cloths, labor

Domestic: comfortable homes

productive homes (gender)

SOHO

Social & economic empowerment:

Time, energy gain for humans

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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IN WHAT WAYS & SCALE ?

SUBTLE WAY`S : Human ,plants & plants are alive

Human & related activities evensleeping !

AMAZING WAY`S : Rainfall, weather ,floods , Hurricanes,

water & carbon cycle ,seasons !

Tsunami, Soil !!!

WHAT SCALE : Microbes, atomic level

Solar System, Cosmic Level.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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ENERGY IS THE BASIS FOR LIFE

Note : not energy pre-se ; but during interaction &transformation (of life and thus development).

ENERGY FACILITATES LIFEEnergy is the greatest EMP(OW)ERER of all

Not ICT as we are aimlessly driving our life and academic

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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ENERGY SOURCES & NATURE

Forms Potential : Blazing sun, stored water.

Geothermal NOW.Kinetic : Flowing water , blowing wind.

Biological : Photosynthesis.

Chemical : Gasoline, wood, coal, nuclear.Bio-chemical : Sugar cane , beet , potato!

HYDROGEN the next Generation Fuel.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Potential kinetic

Chemical kinetic

TRANSFORMATION AND CONVERSION

Direct energy conversion(DEC)

Indirect energy conversion(IDEC)

DEC

IDEC

Source 1 End use

Source kSource 2

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES

Energy in another(more useful)Form/nature

Energy in oneform ornature

Pump/MotorSolar cell

Wood stoves

IC/EC enginesWind mills

FUELS

Bio Mass, Coal, Petroleum, Sun, Wind,

Muscle power, alcohol.

Hybrid of these.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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HISTORY

BIO MASS : Wood burning, cooking, keeping warm,metallurgy ( Hunter-Gatherer, nomadic and uncertain)

MUSCLE POWER : Agriculture, water lifting, commerce,horse, bullocks (The settlers, culture and hope)

WIND POWER : Transport, Trade & Commerce, wars &conquests (Commerce and conquests, Trade and Comm.)

HYDRO POWER : Water wheels, grinding (Comfort,

mobility, drive towards QoL, art, literature))

COAL : Steam power, Industrial revolution, mass & cheaptransport.(Amazing scale up, Colonization, VOILENCE,automation, Railways & natural resource exploitation )

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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19th Century

GASOLINE : Personal vehicle, road transportAero planes wars & wars!

LARGE SCALE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELSLARGE SCALE DESTRUCTION OF RAIN FORESTSLARGE POPULATION LEADING UNSUSTAINABLE (high

QoL) LIFESTYLES and encouraging others also to do so

LED TO, IS INCREASING & UNLIKELY TO HALTGREEN HOUSE EFFECT, GLOBAL WARMING

OZONE DEPLETION IS NEW [ CFC, UV Factor etc ]

ELECTRICITY : Clean, easy to transport, amazing devices.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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NUCLEAR OPTION Weapon proliferation!

WASTE & its handling

Unsafe & Expensiveoperation (Decommissioning)

Note: The most positive aspect of Nuclear Energy isZero Green house gas emission. This being marketed

aggressively in its favor by Nuclear Lobby everywhere

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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ENERGY

NON RENEWABLECOAL

PETROLEUM

RenewableBio Mass, Wind-water,Nuclear, Solar,Hydrogen.

CAUTIONScale, choice &secondary factors

decideSUSTAINABILITY

ENERGY usedKeeping warm,Cooking food,Trade, SmallEconomic

activity [ A ]

[ A ] + large scaleTrade + commerceCorporations,Devices

Empowerment [B ]

[ A ]+[ B ]+ Higherquality of life; DeviceCentered Existence

Electricity DominantTRANSPORT !

Up to 17th century 17th 19th 20th & beyond

100% renewable 20% nonrenewable >90% nonrenewable

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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15th 19th 20th

SUN IS THE SOURCE OF ALL ENERGY

-Historically, culturally and anthropologically

Hindus, Egyptians and Mayans: SUN God ! Prominent

Green house effectPopulation

Per capita income

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY

Per capita income

HIGH CARBONFOOT PRINT.


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Dimensions and Dynamics of Energy

ABUNDANT : Ideally

Forever

Not Done

NOT NECESSARILY :

Not possibleNot viable

CLEAN : At source andduring combustion Exploration

VERY POLLUTION :

ProcessingStoring

Transport

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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EQUITABLE : For allVERY UNDEMOCRATIC :

Urban & Ist World yes

III World & Villages bad

EASY TO HARNESS & USE :Simple and Efficient devices

VARIOUS DEGREE OF DIFFICULTYIst World : yes

III World : no, Villages worse

CONDITIONAL RELIABILITY :

Gulf region and its politics

RELIABLE : High (100%)

HARDLY : Hidden costsCHEAP : Free

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Life style, Size, Night time activities (BPO, ITES) , Scale,Reliability, Economic policy, Social policies all influence

SUN ( Solar Thermal & Photo voltaic )appears best amongst ALL. Bio Mass next,Wind & Hydro are more site specific.

(all are anyways indirectly from SUN)

TO MAKE A RIGHT CHOICE AT RIGHT PLACE isSUBSTAINABILITY

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Economic Issue : Policy & choice of Technology& Scale of economics

Social & Ethical issues : Life styles, Food habits, Human

rights, Rights of others, Gender, Quality of Life ,consumerism

Political : Energy- I st World and

Energy- III World

Undemocratic norms to sustain interests

EX: USA & Saudi Arabia, now Venezuela

Ecological Issue : Green House effectOzone depletion Choice of Source

SUSTAINABILITY

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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SOLUTIONS

Simple life styles : Minimal needs

Low energy life

Bicycle /Walk

Less processed & low on food chain items

Policies : Notion & Models for Development

Quality of life

Equitable energy at minimum level

Tax on Non Renewable

Differential Tariff on high energy demands

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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3-R and 3-W Strategies

R : Reduce W : Waste lessR : Renewables W : Waste RecyclingR : Reuse W : Waste to wealth

References & Reading

Schumacher : Small is Beautiful.

Edward Goldsmith : The Great U Turn.

Ivan Illich : Deschooling society & Tools of conviviality.

Gaviotas : A Village to Reinvent Earth.

Mohamed Yunus: Creating a world without Poverty.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Long wave radiation

CO2

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

IS THE HEAT ON ?

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Fossil fuels(oil, coal, gas)

others

Plastic foam

cleaning agents

refrigerants

Propellant gasesDeforestation

WHAT CAUSES THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT ?

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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WORLD CO2 - EMMISSION

Energy in transport 18%

Use of CFCs 17%Agriculture 15%

Energy in Homes, Business 14%

Deforestation 8%

Others 3%

Energy in Industry 25%

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

Forest energyresidues

Energy efficiency

In production:

HF, PH3, etc

Solar electricity

Solar heat

Energy cropsarable land

Straw

Energy forestarable land

Forest energytree-stumps

Sound / noiseWind-power

Hydropower

Household waste

Peat

Oil

Coal

commentsAestheticAreaVegetationFaunaWater/sealocalGlobal/regional

Environmental consequences of the various energy sources


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Minor or no environmental consequences

Some environment consequences

Major environmental consequences

The table shows a comparison of the environmentalconsequences of various energy sources.

Environmental consequences include production,extraction, distribution, and consumption.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY


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Population growth

Ecological system

Economic systemSocial system

If we are going to promote development that is meaningful and futureoriented. We must first recognize the interaction between ecologicalsystems, population growth, and the preconditions for social andeconomical development.

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF ENERGY


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Japan is thanking ten years ahead,

while the Americans are preoccupied

with the profit they can get in ten minutes.

In that way they can never compete with us

Akio MoritaFounder of Sony

ISRAEL INVESTS HEAVILY TO BECOME ENERGY-INDEPENDENT

75% of all households in Israel domestic water with rooftop solarcollectors. The same figure for Jordan is 45%.

Financial Times(2000)

SSPS : Dr.ASHOK RAO

CONCEPTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY


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05 Technical Session i Renewable Energy Solar Energy