05. NEWater - Singapore's Experience in Water Reuse v1 - Snr PE Ong Key Wee

7/28/2019 05. NEWater - Singapore's Experience in Water Reuse v1 - Snr PE Ong Key Wee

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NEWater: Singapores Experience in Water Reuse

Ong Key Wee

Senior Principal Engineer, Water Supply (Plants)


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Contents

Introduction

The Journey to NEWater

Uses of NEWater

Network and Infrastructure

Gaining Publics acceptance


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Rain Sea

Managing the Entire Water CycleFrom sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of

used water and turning it into NEWater, drainage of storm water

Direct Non-

Potable Use

NEWater


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Rain

Sea

Direct Non-

Potable Use

Overview of NEWater Concept


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Overview of NEWater Concept

Used water Dischargeto SeaFinalEffluent

NEWater

NEWaterFactory

Reject

WaterReclamation

Plant


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NEWater

Microfiltration /Ultrafiltration

Ultra-Violet

TreatedUsed Water

Reverse Osmosis

NEWater Production Process


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7Solution

What is Osmosis ?

Semi-permeableMembrane

Unwantedsalt,

bacteria

& virus etc.

Clean

Water


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8Solution

What is Reverse Osmosis ?

Semi-permeable

membrane

Unwantedsalt, bacteria

& virus etc.

Pressure

CleanWater


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295 water quality parameters, over and above the 100 specified by USEPA

and 114 specified by WHO

Most comprehensive water quality study of reclaimed water conducted to

date

Categories of parameters:

Physical

Inorganic

Organic

Pesticides/ Herbicides

Radionuclides

Wastewater signature compounds

Synthetic and natural hormones

Microbiological parameter Good laboratory practice

QA/QC team

Analytical protocols

Good quality and accurate data for analysis / trending / troubleshooting

Sampling and Monitoring Programme (SAMP)


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Water Quality Parameters

Turbidity [NTU]

Total Dissolved Solids [mg/l]

Lead [mg/l]

Mercury [mg/l]

Hormones (Synthetic & Natural) [g/l]

PCBs [g/l]

Dioxin [pg/l]

Total Organic Carbon [mg/l]Total Coliform [cfu/100 ml]

Enterovirus

Water Quality Comparisons

Local

Reservoir

Water

0.5 - 11

117 - 154

< 0.013


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Sampling and Monitoring Programme (SAMP)

To date, more than 133,000 tests have been conducted on

samples from treated used water and NEWater

The quality of NEWater consistently meets the latest

requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys

(USEPA) National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water

Standards and World Health Organisations (WHO) Drinking

Water Quality Guidelines


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Background to NEWater Journey

Planned Indirect Potable Use (IPU) as a source of water

supply is not new. It has been practised in several partsof the United States for more than 20 years.

Study Trip was conducted to learn from overseas

experience


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NEWater Study Project Organisation Structure

Steering

Committee

Technical

CommitteeExpert

PanelConsultant

Demo

Plant

Health

Effect Study

Team

Sampling &

Monitoring

Programme

Project

Unit


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NEWater Demonstration Plant

Upstream

fundamental research

Pilot PlantStudies

Demonstration PlantStudies

DemonstrationPlant

Learningfrom

Overseasexperiences


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NEWater Demonstration Plant

To design, construct and operate a

10,000 m3/day advanced water reclamation

demonstration plant, operational since May2000

Objective of demo plant is to test the

technology for its reliability and robustness

Operational problems experienced at demo

plant level can be incorporated into the

design of full scale plant

Some problems and concern: low flow at

night, use of hypochlorite will damage

membrane


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Expert Panel

Name Expertise Institute

Prof Ong Choon Nam(Chairman)

Human Health and Toxicology National University ofSingapore (NUS)

Prof Joan Rose Microbiology Michigan State University

Mr William Lauer Water Reclamation Studies American Water Works

Association

Prof Ng Wun Jern Engineering and Water Technologies NUS

Prof Mulkit Singh Microbiology NUS

Dr Chew Suok Kai Human Health and Epidemiology Ministry of Health (MOH)

Prof Lee Hian Kee Environmental Chemistry NUS

Dr Bosco Bloodworth Water Quality and Analysis MOH/Health SciencesAuthority of Singapore

(HSA)

Prof James Tam Life/Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological

University


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Sampling and Monitoring Programme

293 water quality parameters; more than the 100 specified

by USEPA and 122 specified by WHO

Most comprehensive water quality study of reclaimed water

to date

Categories of parameters

Physical, inorganic, organic, radio-nuclides, pesticides /

herbicides, wastewater signature compounds, synthetic /

natural hormones

Microbiological water quality parameter study


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Health Effects Study

Complements SAMP in determining the safety of NEWater

Toxicological assessment of NEWater against reservoir

water

Short and long term health effects on two animal species

Mice Long term toxicity and carcinogenicity assessment

Fish Long term toxicity and carcinogenicity assessment,

and estrogenic assessment (reproductive and

development)


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Mice test ing faci l i ty at the

Anim al Handl ing Unit , NUS

Histopathological analyses of animal

tissues and organs at Experimental

Pathology Laboratories Inc. (EPL) in

the U.S.

Health Effects Study

No long term carcinogenic

effect

(Mice; B6C3F1 strain)

Modif ied and im proved f ish

test ing fac il i ty at the NEWater

Demonstrat ion Plant

(Fish; Japanese Medaka)

Histopathological analyses

of fish tissue and organs

No long term

carcinogenic effect

No estrogenic effect


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1972

1998

2001

2002

More affordable cost

of membrane

technology

PUB embarked onthe NEWater

initiative

Completion of 3rd NEWaterfactory

Birth ofreclaiming

used water2003/04

Completion of 1st two

NEWater factories (NF)

2007

Completion of 4th

NEWaterfactory

2010

Completion of

5th NEWater

factory


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NEWater

N

LEGEND

Pulau

Bukom

Woodlands

NEWater SR

Kranji

NF

Tampines

NEWater SR

Bedok

NF

PROPOSED NEWater SERVICE

RESERVOIR AT MANDAI HILL 68

EXISTING NEWater SERVICE RESERVOIR

EXISTING NEWater FACTORY

EXISTING NEWater PIPELINES

PROPOSED NEWater PIPELINES

PROPOSED NIP LINES

Changi NFJIWW

Ulu

PandanNF

INDUSTRIAL WATER PIPELINES

Kent Ridge

NEWater SR

Mandai SR

Jurong Hill 65 SR

Kranji

17 mgd

Bedok 18 mgd

Ulu Pandan

32 mgd

NEWater met 30% of water needs

Changi 50 mgd

Water for All (NEWater)


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Bedok NEWater Factory (18 mgd)


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Ulu Pandan NEWater Factory (32 mgd) Design-Build-Own-Operate

PUB purchases water from Keppel-Seghers


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Contents

Introduction


Uses of NEWater




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Primary purpose is for Direct Non Potable Use (DNPU)

o As part of the Replace Strategy, this frees up large amounts ofpotable water for other vital potable purposes

o Will increase to 40% of Singapores water needs by 2020

Secondary purpose is for Indirect Potable Use (IPU)

Uses of NEWater

Si W t D d


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Singapore Water Demand

(Residential)Domestic (Commercial &

Industries)

Non-domestic

Non-potable water

(primarily NEWater)

Where is NEWater used?


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Where is NEWater used?

Processes- wafer fabrication

- petrochemical

- power plants,

- manufacturing etc

Cooling towers

- hospitals

- commercial buildings

- institutions, etc

Others

- general washing- toilet flushing, etc

Indirect Potable Use


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Indirect Potable Usein Singapore

Rainwater

Raw waterImport Reservoir

Waterworks

PopulationIndustriesCommercial

WaterReclamation

Plant

NEWaterFactories

NEWater

Desalted Water

Mixing

Sea


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Contents

Introduction


Uses of NEWater




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NEWater Supply Network

Total NEWater network ~ 360 km

NEWater Infrastructure Plan (NIP) 87km of transmission pipelines (2200 mm dia) from Changi

NEWater Factory in the east to Jurong in the west via Bedok, Kranji

and Seletar clusters

Completed in 2011 To supply an additional 50 mgd

Important part of Singapores integrated water

management

Linking all the NEWater factories

Managing NEWater demand as a whole

Increasing the reliability of supply


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NEWater Infrastructure Plan

NEWater


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NEWater

N

LEGEND

Pulau

Bukom

Woodlands

NEWater SR

Kranji

NF

Tampines

NEWater SR

Bedok

NF

PROPOSED NEWater SERVICE

RESERVOIR AT MANDAI HILL 68

EXISTING NEWater SERVICE RESERVOIR

EXISTING NEWater FACTORY

EXISTING NEWater PIPELINES

PROPOSED NEWater PIPELINES

PROPOSED NIP LINES

Changi NFJIWW

Ulu

PandanNF

INDUSTRIAL WATER PIPELINES

Kent Ridge

Mandai SR

Jurong Hill 65 SR

Kranji

Changi

Water for All (NEWater)

NEWater Transmission Pipelines under

the NEWater Infrastructure Plan


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Contents

Introduction


Uses of NEWater



Public Communication Simple Messaging


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MICROFILTRATIONUV

DISINFECTION

Unwanted solids trappedon the outside of the fibre

Suspended solids and

bacteria of more than 0.2

microns are filtered out.

Filtered water is conductedthrough the middle of the

hollow fibres.

0.0004

microns

membranes

Water is further

disinfected with

ultraviolet light.

High

Pressure

Hollow fibres

REVERSE

OSMOSIS

Semi-permeable

membranes

NEWater

Treated

Used

Water

Public Communication - Simple Messaging

Product ion o f NEWater too technical?


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100 MillionTimes

Watermolecules

Water

molecules

EstrogenEndrocrine

Disruptors

BacteriaVirus

X =Reverse OsmosisPore Size

Size ofTennis Balls

P bli C i ti


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Public Communication

Good Branding

Choice of words Used Water vs Wastewater;

NEWater vs Reclaimed Water

Water Reclamation vs Sewage Treatment

Emphasis Concept is not new

RO technology

Indirect Potable Use

G


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(Briefing to Grassroots, Jul 2002)

PUB and its parent ministry tookthe lead in public communicationwith support from the Panel ofExperts

Bottled NEWater for publicsampling, bottles distributed onNational Day Parade

Strong political leadership with itsability to rally the entirecommunity to face a nationalchallenge

Grassroots leaders helpedNEWater to reach out to thecommunity in the heartland


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NEWater demonstration

plant, 2000


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C ti d P bli Ed ti / A t


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Continued Public Education/ Acceptance

NEWater Visitor Centre


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NEWater Visitor Centre

Officially opened on 21 Feb 2003

NEWater VC is the focal point of ourcontinuing education on:

The importance of water

Role of NEWater as one of the 4national taps

The technology behind NEWater

Targets mainly our youngergeneration (eg students)

Visitor friendly with multi-mediacomputer interactives (games) andvideos

Provides first hand experience of theNEWater plant operations


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Thank youThank you

Marina Barrage,

Singapore

Documents

05. NEWater - Singapore's Experience in Water Reuse v1 - Snr PE Ong Key Wee