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8/18/2019 04-The Cadastral Concept and Evolution
1/36
Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Modern Cadastre and LandAdministration
Modern Cadastre and LandModern Cadastre and Land
AdministrationAdministration
Jude Wallace
Session 4b. The cadastral concept and evolution
Session 4b. The cadastral concept and evolutionSession 4b. The cadastral concept and evolution
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Overview
Overview
Objectives– To understand the role of the cadastre in administration of a nation, its
operation and components.
Topics– The cadastral concept and the FIG Statement on the Cadastre– Historical development of cadastres– Components of a cadastre– Cadastral issues– Types of cadastres: Legal (Juridical) cadastres; Fiscal cadastres; Multi-
purpose cadastres
– Cadastral models– CADASTRE 2014
References– UNECE, Land Administration Guidelines, Meeting of Land Administrators [go to Meeting of Officials on Land Administration]– US Dept of Commerce, 1987. The Multi-purpose Cadastre: A Modern Approach to organising Land Data and Information,
NOAA, 12pp.
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
An introduction to Cadastres
An introduction to Cadastres
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
History of cadastresHistory of cadastres
• Egyptians 3000BC
• Italy 1600BC• Roman Empire 300AD
• Doomsday Book (William the
Conqueror) 1076• Maria Theresia Cadastre (Austro-
Hungarian Monarchy ) 1792
• Napoleonic Cadastre 1807
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Egyptian surveyors at workEgyptian surveyors at work
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of GeomaticsSource: Land Registration and Cadastral Systems (Gerhard Larsson)
Plan made about 1600 – 1400 BCEPlan made about 1600 – 1400 BCE
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
We need a land information
policy
We need a land information
policy
David J Cowen. 2006. Chair of National Research Council Study on National Vision for Land Parcel Databases in US
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Features of modern cadastresFeatures of modern cadastres
Scientific– Modern cadastres are built according to scientific
standards using rigorous surveying methods.– Measurements and points are capable of being re-
established by similar or better rigorous processes.
People friendly– Cadastres allow people to interpret land information.
They form the basis of land management. They
reflect the way people actually use and think abouttheir land
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Source: Land Registration and Cadastral Systems
(Gerhard Larsson)
Extract from Swedish cadastral mapExtract from Swedish cadastral map
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Digital Cadastral Map : SwitzerlandDigital Cadastral Map : Switzerland
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
LandAdministrationProject - The
Philippines
LandAdministrationProject - The
Philippines
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
The basic building block inany land administration
system is the cadastralparcel.
Cadastres consist of twoparts –
registers and parcel maps.
The basic building block inany land administrationsystem is the cadastral
parcel.
Cadastres consist of twoparts –
registers and parcel maps.
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
FIG Statement on the CadastreFIG Statement on the Cadastre
• The FIG Statement on the Cadastre highlights itsimportance as a land information system for social and
economic development from an internationalperspective and recognises the central role thatsurveyors play in its establishment and maintenance.
• The statement does not recommend a uniform cadastrefor every country or jurisdiction, but gives a range ofoptions for establishing and managing cadastres.
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
PEOPLE
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
A successful cadastre…A successful cadastre…
A successful Cadastre should provide
security of tenure, be simple andclear, be accessible, and providecurrent and reliable information atlow cost.
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Other essential elements of a moderncadastre
Other essential elements of a moderncadastre
• Dynamic
• Large scale maps
• Registers
• Complete – ALL LAND
• Correct and reliable
• Supported by a coordinated survey system
• Each parcel must have a unique identifier• Unambiguously defines parcel boundaries
both in map form and on the ground throughcadastral surveys
• Publicly accessible
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Today cadastres assist effective land
management
Today cadastres assist effective land
management• Effective land management requires land information
about resource capacity, tenure and use.
• The cadastre is the primary means of organising land
information.• The cadastre is –
– information identifying people who have interests in parcels
– information about interests (e.g. nature and duration of rights,restrictions, and responsibilities)
– information about parcels (e.g. their location, size, improvements,value)
– In digital systems CORE SPATIALLY ENABLED INFORMATION.
• THE CADASTRE IS UNIQUE BECAUSE IT REPRESENTSTHE WAY PEOPLE ACTUALLY USE THEIR LAND.
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Different cadastre typologiesDifferent cadastre typologies
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
Functions of cadastresFunctions of cadastres
1. Legal cadastre – supports land
markets2. Fiscal cadastre – supports land
taxation
3. Multipurpose cadastre – supportsall LAS processes
4. The cadastre as an engine of LAS –
supports delivery of SustainableDevelopment
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Centre for SDIs and Land Administration
Department of Geomatics
A modern multipurpose cadastre
helps…
A modern multipurpose cadastre
helps…• sustainable development
• conveyancing system
• cadastral survey system• land use planning, land management and
environmental management
• management of publicly owned lands
• avoidance of duplication
• control of land transactions
• management of land dispute
• public confidence in LAS
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A parcel based land information systemSource: Ian Williamson
A parcel based land information systemSource: Ian Williamson
Fiscal
Other core spatialdata sets
Digital Cadastral
Data Base (DCDB)
Automated Land
Titles System (ALTS)
Linkage and Searching Mechanism
National GeodeticReference Framework
LocalGovernment
Utilities
Coordinationmechanism forstate-wide
geographicinformation
CadastralComponent
Lawyers/Surveyors
Spatial Component
Planning/Land Use
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Source: National Research Council 1980
Tenure andvalue
records
Administrativerecords
Other parcel-related records
Parcel id
Cadastralboundaryoverlay
Resourcesrecords
Other recordsrelated records
Other Identifiers
Other
overlays jhgjhjh
Base maps
Geodetic reference framework
Data-exchange
Conventions
Multipurpose cadastre
components
Multipurpose cadastreMultipurpose cadastre
componentscomponents
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Source: Bogaerts et al,
2002
The role of the cadastre in the accession of Central
European Countries to the European Union
The role of the cadastre in the accession of CentralEuropean Countries to the European Union
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
CADASTRE 2014CADASTRE 2014
Translated into 19 languages
Commission 7, FIG (1994-98)
Promotes
multipurpose cadastres whichinclude all public and private
rights
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Now cadastres are central to
Land Management Paradigm
Now cadastres are central to
Land Management Paradigm
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Cadastral systems service all LAS
processes
Cadastral systems service all LAS
processes
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
1. MultipurposeCadastre(German style)
1. MultipurposeCadastre(German style)
2. Title or deedstenure stylecadastres
2. Title or deedstenure stylecadastres
3. Taxation driven
cadastre(Latin /Spanish /French)
3. Taxation driven
cadastre(Latin /Spanish /French)
Tenure
Value
Use
Development
Incorporating:
Land policy
SpatiallyenabledLAS
Services tobusinessandpublic
Countrycontext
Sustainabledevelopment
- Economic- Environmental- Social- Governance
Cadastralengines…
Landmanagement
paradigm
Spatiallyenabled
government
ParcelsPropertiesBuildingsRoads
I n t e g r a t e d
f u n c t i o n s
SDIMapping agencies
and other dataproviders
Betterdecisionmaking
Significance of the cadastre
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Cadastral issuesCadastral issues
• Documentation of informal or customary rights
• Land registration (deeds, title, combinations)• Land titling (sporadic and systematic)
• Parcels and properties
• Boundaries (fixed, graphical, general etc)
• Impact of technology
• Using the cadastre to as an engine of sustainable development
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Cadastral Template ProjectCadastral Template Project
Evaluates and benchmarks cadastral systems
world wide.Created by UN Resolution.
Shows how countries manage cadastral
issues
www.cadastraltemplate.org
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Australia’s cadastre in the digital age
- Cadlite
Australia’s cadastre in the digital age
- Cadlite
A PSMA PRODUCT
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
Australia’s cadastre in the digital age -Geocoded National Address File G-NAF
Australia’s cadastre in the digital age -
Geocoded National Address File G-NAF
http://www.g-naf.com.au/about.htm
Th d t ill ti t
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Centre for SDIs and Land AdministrationDepartment of Geomatics
The cadastre will continue to
evolve
Every nation will have itsown story
The cadastre will continue to
evolve
Every nation will have its
own story
Your questions?
Your comments?