04 Maritime Mobile Service

7/28/2019 04 Maritime Mobile Service

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TMT 1243

Maritime Communications

Maritime Mobile Service


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Authority of the Master

The service of a ship station is placed under the supremeauthority of the master or of the person responsible for theship or other vessel carrying the station.

The person holding this authority shall require that each

operator comply with ITU-Radio Regulations and that theship station for which the operator is responsible is used, atall times, in accordance with these Regulations.

The master or the person responsible, as well as all personswho may have knowledge of the text or even of the

existence of a radio telegram, or of any informationwhatever obtained by means of the radio communicationservice, are placed under the obligation of observing andensuring the secrecy of correspondence.

01 Jan 2013 Lt Kdr Ir Hardy Azmir Anuar TLDM 2


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Operators Certificates

The service of every ship radiotelephone station, ship earthstation and ship station using the frequencies andtechniques for GMDSS, shall be controlled by an operatorholding a certificate issued or recognized by thegovernment to which the station is subject.

Provided the station is so controlled, other persons besidesthe holder of the certificate may use the equipment.

In the service of radiotelephone stations operating solelyon frequencies above 30 MHz, each government shall

decide for itself whether a certificate is necessary and, if so,shall define the conditions for obtaining it.

This shall not, however, apply to any ship station workingon frequencies assigned for international use.



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Operators Certificates

In the maritime mobile service the certificatesissued shall bear:

the name of the holder;

the date of birth of the holder; the photograph of the holder;

the holder's signature;

the title of the certificate;

the date of issue; the period of validity;

authenticated by the issuing administration.



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Categories of Certificates

There are four categories of certificates, shown indescending order of requirements, for personnel ofship stations and ship earth stations as prescribedGMDSS (SOLAS Convention) certificates. An operator

meeting the requirements of a certificate automaticallymeets all of the requirements of lower ordercertificates:

First-class radio electronic certificate.

Second-class radio electronic certificate. General operators certificate.

Restricted operators certificate.



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First-class Radio Electronic Certificate

Knowledge of the principle of electricity, electronic andtheory of radio.

Theoretical knowledge of GMDSS equipment with

particular reference to maintaining equipment in service.

Practical knowledge of the operation and knowledge of thepreventive maintenance of GMDSS equipment.

Practical knowledge necessary for the location and repair offaults in GMDSS equipment which may occur during avoyage.



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First-class Radio Electronic Certificate

Detailed practical knowledge of the operation of all the

GMDSS sub-systems and equipment.

Ability to send and to receive correctly by radiotelephone anddirect-printing telegraphy.

Detailed knowledge of the regulations applying to radio

communications.

Sufficient knowledge of one of the working languages of the

Union.



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Second-class Radio Electronic

Certificate Knowledge of the principle of electricity, electronic and

theory of radio.

General knowledge of GMDSS equipment with particular

reference to maintaining equipment in service.

Practical knowledge of the operation and knowledge of thepreventive maintenance of GMDSS equipment.

Practical knowledge necessary for effecting repairs in thecase of faults in the equipment.



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Second-class Radio Electronic

Certificate Detailed practical knowledge of the operation of all the

GMDSS sub-systems and equipment.

Ability to send and to receive correctly by

radiotelephone and direct-printing telegraphy.

Detailed knowledge of the regulations applying toradio communications.

Sufficient knowledge of one of the working languagesof the Union.



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General Operators Certificate

Detailed practical knowledge of the operation of all theGMDSS sub-systems and equipment.

Ability to send and to receive correctly by

radiotelephone and direct-printing telegraphy.

Detailed knowledge of the regulations applying toradio communications.

Sufficient knowledge of one of the working languagesof the Union.



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Restricted Operators Certificate

Practical knowledge of the operation of all the GMDSS sub-systems and equipment within the range of VHF coaststation.

Ability to send and to receive correctly by radiotelephone.

Knowledge of the regulations applying to radiocommunications.

An elementary knowledge of one of the working languagesof the Union.



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Working Hours Of Stations

Every station of the maritime mobile service shall have an accurateclock correctly regulated to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

UTC shall be used for all entries in the radio communication servicelog and in all similar documents of ships.

The services of coast stations and coast earth stations are, as far as

possible, continuous (day and night). Coast stations with a limited service hours shall be notified to the

Radiocommunication Bureau, who shall publish them in the List ofCoast Stations and Special Service Stations.

Coast stations whose service is not continuous shall not close

before finishing all operations resulting from a distress call or froman urgency or safety signal.



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Conditions To Be Observed

The energy radiated by receiving apparatus shall bereduced to the lowest practical value.

Operation of any electrical or electronic apparatus installedin ship stations does not cause harmful interference to theessential radio services.

Changes of frequency in the sending and receivingapparatus of any ship station shall be capable of beingmade as rapidly as possible.

Installations of any ship station shall be capable of changing

from transmission to reception and vice versa in as short atime as possible.

The operation of a broadcasting service by a ship station atsea is prohibited.



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Documents Required On Board Ships

Stations Ship stations for which a GMDSS installation is required

by international agreement: radio station licence issued in an appropriate form;

certificates of the operator or operators;

a log in which the following are recorded as they occur; a summary of communications relating to distress, urgency and

safety traffic;

a reference to important service incidents.

the List of Ship Stations and Maritime Mobile Service

Identity Assignments; the List of Coast Stations and Special Service Stations;

the Manual for Use by the Maritime Mobile and MaritimeMobile-Satellite Services.



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Frequency Allocation

Medium Frequency: Bands between 415 kHz and 535 kHz (DSC, NBDP,

Radiotelegraph)

Bands between 1 606.5 kHz and 4 000 kHz (DSC, NBDP,Radiotelegraph, Radiotelephony)

High Frequency: Bands between 4 000 kHz and 27 500 kHz (DSC, NBDP,

Radiotelegraph, Radiotelephony)

Very High Frequency: Bands between 156 MHz and 174 MHz (DSC, Radiotelegraph,

Radiotelephony)

Ultra High Frequency: L-Band between 1525 MHz and 1660.5 MHz (INMARSAT)



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Class of Emissions

Medium Frequency: DSC - F1B, J2B

NBDP - F1B, J2B

Radiotelegraph - A1A, J2A

Radiotelephony - J3E

High Frequency: DSC - F1B, J2B

NBDP - F1B, J2B

Radiotelegraph - A1A, J2A

Radiotelephony - H3E, J3E,R3E

Very High Frequency: DSC - G2B

Radiotelegraph - F1B, F2B,F2C, F3C, F1D, F2D

Radiotelephony - G3D, G3E

Ultra High Frequency: INMARSAT - H3E, J2D, J3E,

R3E



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Speech Procedure

Keep the rate of speech constant.

Not too fast nor too slow.

Preserve the rhythm of ordinary conversation.

Separate words so that they are not run together.

Avoid unnecessary sounds such as 'er' and 'um'between words.



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Phonetic Alphabet

When it is necessary to spell out call signs,

service abbreviations and words, the following

letter spelling table shall be used:


A - Alfa J - Juliett S - Sierra

B - Bravo K - Kilo T - Tango

C - Charlie L - Lima U - Uniform

D - Delta M - Mike V - Victor

E - Echo N - November W - Whiskey

F - Foxtrot O - Oscar X - X-rayG - Golf P - Papa Y - Yankee

H - Hotel Q - Quebec Z - Zulu

I - India R - Romeo


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Transmission of Numbers

All numbers except whole thousands should betransmitted by pronouncing each digit separately. Example:

100 becomes one zero zero

15,800 becomes one five eight zero zero

Whole thousands should be transmitted bypronouncing each digit in the number of thousandsfollowed by the word 'thousand'. Example:

11,000 becomes one one thousand

680,000 becomes six eight zero thousand



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Numbers containing a decimal point shall betransmitted with the decimal point indicated by theword 'decimal'. Example:

121.5 becomes one two one decimal five

Monetary denominations, when transmitted withgroups of digits, should be transmitted in the sequencein which they are written. Example:

$17.25 becomes dollars one seven decimal two five

.75 becomes decimal seven five



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Time should be expressed using the twenty-

four hour clock system and should be

transmitted by pronouncing each digit.

Example:

0920H becomes zero nine two zero

hotel

09 becomes nine minutes past the hour



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Procedural Words and Phrases

ACKNOWLEDGE Let me know that you have received and understood this message.

AFFIRMATIVE Yes or permission granted.

BREAK Indicates the separation between portions of the message.

CHANNEL Change to channel .... before proceeding.

CLEARED Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified.

CONFIRM Have I received the following ... or

Did you receive the message?



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CORRECTION An error has been made in this transmission (message indicated).The

correct version is....

DISREGARD Consider this transmission as not sent.

GO AHEAD Proceed with your message.

HOW DO YOU READ? What is the readability of my transmission?

I SAY AGAIN

Self-explanatory (use instead of "I REPEAT"). MAYDAY

The spoken word for distress communications.



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MAYDAY RELAY The spoken word for the distress relay signal.

MONITOR Listen on (frequency).

NEGATIVE No or that is not correct or I do not agree.

OUT Conversation is ended and no response is expected.

OVER My transmission is ended and I expect a response from you.

PAN PAN The spoken word for urgency communications.



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READ BACK Repeat all of this message back to me exactly as received

after I have given "OVER" (do not use the word "REPEAT").

ROGER

I have received all of your last transmission. ROGER NUMBER

I have received your message Number__.

SAY AGAIN

Self-explanatory. (Do not use the word "REPEAT") STAND BY

I must pause for a few seconds or minutes, please wait andI will call you.



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SEELONCE International expression to indicate that silence has been

imposed on the frequency due to a distress situation. Theaeronautical phrase is STOP TRANSMITTING.

SEELONCE FEENEE Is the international expression for a distress cancellation.

The aeronautical phrase is DISTRESS TRAFFIC ENDED.

SEELONCE MAYDAY Is the international expression to inform that a distress

situation is in progress. The command comes from thestation in control of the distress traffic. The aeronauticalphrase is STOP TRANSMlTTlNG - MAYDAY.



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THAT IS CORRECT Self-explanatory.

VERIFY Check coding, check text with originator and send correct

version.

WlLCO Your instructions received, understood and will be complied

with.

WORDS TWICE

As a request: Communication is difficult, please send each wordtwice.

As information: Since communication is difficult, I will send eachword twice.



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Q Codes

Q codes and abbreviations are very useful when communicatingunder difficult conditions, when there is adjacent interference orwith someone who is not fluent in English.

Q codes also save time.

Example:QRZ? QRZ? QRM PSE QSY UP 5K

Who is calling me? Who is calling me? There is interference on thisfrequency. Please change frequency and go up by 5 KHz.

The QOA to QQZ series are reserved for the maritime mobileservice



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Typical Q Codes

Abbreviation Question Answer or Advice

QRA What is the name of your vessel? The name of my vessel is

QRD Where are you bound for and

where are you from?

I am bound for from

QTH What is your position in latitudeand longitude? My position is latitude, longitude

QRK What is the intelligibility of my

signals?

The intelligibility of your signals is

(bad, poor, fair, good, excellent)

QRO Shall I increase transmitter

power?

Increase transmitter power.

QRP Shall I decrease transmitter

power?

Decrease transmitter power.



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Typical Q Codes


QRM Is my transmission being

interfered with?

Your transmission is being

interfered with (nil, slightly,

moderately, severely, extremely)

QSS What working frequency will you

use?

I will use the working frequency

kHz (or MHz)

QSY Shall I change to transmission on

another frequency?

Change to transmission on

another frequency

QOC Can you communicate by

radiotelephony (channel 16)?

I can communicate by

radiotelephony (channel 16)

QRL Are you busy? I am busy. Please do not

interfere.



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Typical Q Codes


QRV Are you ready? I am ready

QRZ Who is calling me? You are being called by (on

kHz (or MHz))

QRU Have you anything for me? I have nothing for youQSL Can you acknowledge receipt? I am acknowledging receipt

QRE What is your estimated time of

arrival at ?

My estimated time of arrival at

is hours

QTN At what time did you depart from

?

I departed from at hours

QUX Do you have any navigational

warnings or gale warnings in

force?

I have the following navigational

warning(s) or gale warning(s) in

force:



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Typical Q Codes


QRT Shall I stop sending? Stop sending

QOE Have you received the safety

signal sent by ?

I have received the safety signal

sent by

QUD Have you received the urgencysignal sent by ? I have received the urgency signalsent by at hours.

QUF Have you received the distress

signal sent by ?

I have received the distress signal

sent by at hours

QUM May I resume normal working? Normal working may be resumed

QUZ May I resume restricted working? Distress phase still in force;restricted working may be

resumed



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Abbreviations

In addition to the Q codes, maritime mobile

service also use a wide range of abbreviations,

both for Morse and RTTY communications.

The most commonly used are shown in the

table follows.



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Abbreviations

Signal Meaning Signal Meaning

AR End of transmission NBDP Narrow-band direct-printing

AS Waiting period NIL I have nothing to send to

you

C Yes or affirmative OK We agree (or It is correct)CFM Confirm (or I confirm) PSE Please

CQ General call to all stations RPT Repeat (or I repeat)

DE From or This is SAR Search and Rescue

DF Your bearing at hours was

degrees

SVC Prefix indicating a service

telegram

ETA Estimated time of arrival. SIG Signature

INTERCO International Code of Signals TU Thank you

MSG Navigation message TXT Text

MSI Maritime safety information WX Weather report01 Jan 2013 Lt Kdr Ir Hardy Azmir Anuar TLDM 37


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International Code of Signals

INTERCO is an international system of signals and codes foruse by vessels to communicate important messagesregarding safety of navigation and related matters.

The purpose of the INTERCO is to provide ways and meansof communication in situations related essentially to safetyof navigation and persons, especially when languagedifficulties arise.

Signals can be sent by flaghoist, flashing, flag semaphore,radiotelegraphy, and radiotelephony.

The signals used consist of: Single-letter signals for very urgent, or of very common use;

Two-letter signals for General Signal Code;

Three-letter signals beginning with M for Medical Signal Code.



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International Code of Signals

A - I have a diver down

B - Carrying dangerous goods

H - Pilot on board

O - Man overboard

AC - I am abandoning my

vessel

IT - I am on fire

NC - I am in distress

VE - I am fumigating my vessel

MAA - I request urgent medical

advice

MPL - Symptoms have cleared

MVC - Put patient to bed lying



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Identification of Stations

All transmissions shall be capable of being identified eitherby identification signals or by other means.

All transmissions in the following services should, except

survival craft and EPIRB, carry identification signals: amateur service

broadcasting service

fixed service in the bands below 28000 kHz

mobile service

standard frequency and time signal service

radiobeacons and other radionavigation

satellite EPIRB (406-406.1 MHz, 1645.5-1646.5 MHz or DSC)



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A station shall be identified by a call sign, by a maritime mobileservice identity (MMSI) or by other recognized means ofidentification which may be one or more of the following: name of station,

location of station,

operating agency, official registration mark,

flight identification number,

selective call number or signal,

selective call identification number or signal,

characteristic signal,

characteristic of emission

or other clearly distinguishing features readily recognizedinternationally.



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For transmissions carrying identification signals, in orderthat stations may be readily identified, each station shalltransmit its identification as frequently as practicableduring the course of transmissions, including those madefor tests, adjustments or experiments.

During such transmissions, however, identification signalsshall be transmitted at least hourly, preferably within theperiod from five minutes before to five minutes after thehour (UTC) unless to do so would cause unreasonableinterruption of traffic, in which case identification shall begiven at the beginning and end of transmissions.



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Assignment of Call Signs

For the purpose of the supply of identification signals, aterritory or geographical area shall be understood to meanthe territory within the limits of which the station islocated.

For mobile stations, it shall be understood to mean theterritory within the limits of which the responsibleadministration is located.

All stations open to international public correspondence, allamateur stations, and other stations which are capable ofcausing harmful interference beyond the boundaries of itsterritory or geographical area in which they are located,shall have call signs from the international series allocatedto its administration.



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Allocation of International Call Sign

Brunei V8A - V8Z

Indonesia

JZA - JZZ PKA - POZ

YBA - YHZ

7AA - 7IZ

8AA - 8IZ

Malaysia

9MA - 9MZ

9WA - 9WZ

Singapore S6A - S6Z

9VA - 9VZ

Thailand EZA - EZZ HAS - HSZ

United Nation 4UA - 4UZ

International Civil AviationOrganization 4YA - 4YZ



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Formation of Call Signs

The first two characters shall be two letters or aletter followed by a digit or a digit followed by aletter.

The first two characters or in certain cases thefirst character of a call sign constitute thenationality identification.

Avoid the digits 0 and 1 in cases where theyimmediately follow a letter.



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Land and fixed stations: two characters and one letter, or

two characters and one letter followed by not more than three digits.

Ship stations two characters and two letters, or

two characters, two letters and one digit, or two characters (provided that the second is a letter) followed by four

digits, or

two characters and one letter followed by four digits

Ships survival craft stations

the call sign of the parent ship followed by two digits EPIRB stations

the Morse letter B and/or the call sign of the parent ship to which theradiobeacon belongs



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KD JEBAT - 9MOF KD MUTIARA - 9MMU

MISC CHEMICAL TANKER BUNGA MELATI DUA -9MCH4

MISC LINER MV BUNGA MAS 10 - 9MCX2

MISC LNG SERI AYU - 9MFE7

MISC FSO CENDOR - 9MGO4

MISC FPS GUMUSUT KAKAP - 9MLX9 NAVASCO - 9M2192

TAMEX TIMBER VIKING 25 - 9M3012



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Maritime Mobile Service Identity

Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a series of nine

digits which are sent in digital form over a radio frequency

channel in order to uniquely identify ship stations, ship earth

stations, coast stations, coast earth stations, and group calls.

These identities are formed in such a way that the identity orpart thereof can be used by telephone and telex subscribers

connected to the general telecommunications network to call

ships automatically.

A unique nine digits ship station identity is in the format ofM1I2D3X4X5X6X7X8X9 where in the first three digits represent

the Maritime Identification Digits (MID) and X is any figure

from 0 to 9.



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Maritime Mobile Service Identity

The MID denotes the administration having jurisdictionover the ship station so identified.

Furthermore, as indicated in Recommendation ITU-RM.585, some maritime identification digits are reserved formaritime devices and do not correspond either to anadministration or to a geographical area.

The MMSI is meant to be an all-inclusive ship electronicidentity, used in one form or another by every GMDSS ortelecommunications instrument on board.

It is programmed into the automatic radio communicationssystem such as the DSC, SES and EPIRB.



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Assignment of MMSI to Ship Station

Communication Access Area of Operation MMSI Format

Terrestrial /

INMARSAT A

Manual-Coast

station (National) /

Satellite

Domestic waters /

All areas

Format 1

(533XXXXXX)

Terrestrial /

INMARSAT C

Automatic-Coast

station / Satellite

Domestic waters /

All areas

Format 2

(533XXXXX0)

Terrestrial Automatic-Coast

station

Regional waters Format 3

(533XXXX00)

Terrestrial /

INMARSAT B, M

Automatic

(Worldwide)

Satellite

International

Waters All areas

Format 4

(533XXX000)